- Gibson GR, Roberfroid MB . Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J Nutr 1995; 125: 1401–1412.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Roberfroid M, Gibson GR, Hoyles L, McCartney AL, Rastall R, Rowland I et al. Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits. Br J Nutr 2010; 104 (Suppl 2), S1–S63.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Kelly G . Inulin-type prebiotics – a review: part 1. Altern Med Rev 2008; 13: 315–329.
PubMed Google Scholar
- Delzenne NM, Neyrinck AM, Backhed F, Cani PD . Targeting gut microbiota in obesity: effects of prebiotics and probiotics. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2011; 7: 639–646.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Delzenne NM, Neyrinck AM, Cani PD . Modulation of the gut microbiota by nutrients with prebiotic properties: consequences for host health in the context of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10 (Suppl 1), S10.
Article Google Scholar
- Ramirez-Farias C, Slezak K, Fuller Z, Duncan A, Holtrop G, Louis P . Effect of inulin on the human gut microbiota: stimulation of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Br J Nutr 2009; 101: 541–550.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Cotillard A, Kennedy SP, Kong LC, Prifti E, Pons N, Le Chatelier E et al. Dietary intervention impact on gut microbial gene richness. Nature 2013; 500: 585–588.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Le Chatelier E, Nielsen T, Qin J, Prifti E, Hildebrand F, Falony G et al. Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers. Nature 2013; 500: 541–546.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Karlsson FH, Tremaroli V, Nookaew I, Bergström G, Behre CJ, Fagerberg B et al. Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control. Nature 2013; 498: 99–103.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Qin J, Li Y, Cai Z, Li S, Zhu J, Zhang F et al. A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes. Nature 2012; 490: 55–60.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Cani PD, Bibiloni R, Knauf C, Waget A, Neyrinck AM, Delzenne NM et al. Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes 2008; 57: 1470–1481.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Wang Z, Klipfell E, Bennett BJ, Koeth R, Levison BS, Dugar B et al. Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease. Nature 2011; 472: 57–63.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Larsen N, Vogensen FK, van den Berg FW, Nielsen DS, Andreasen AS, Pedersen BK et al. Gut microbiota in human adults with type 2 diabetes differs from non-diabetic adults. PLoS One 2010; 5: e9085.
Article Google Scholar
- Turnbaugh PJ, Hamady M, Yatsunenko T, Cantarel BL, Duncan A, Ley RE et al. A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins. Nature 2009; 457: 480–484.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Mahowald MA, Magrini V, Mardis ER, Gordon JI . An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature 2006; 444: 1027–1031.
Article Google Scholar
- Cani PD, Delzenne NM . Gut microflora as a target for energy and metabolic homeostasis. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2007; 10: 729–734.
Article Google Scholar
- Backhed F, Ding H, Wang T, Hooper LV, Koh GY, Nagy A et al. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101: 15718–15723.
Article Google Scholar
- Ranganath LR, Beety JM, Morgan LM, Wright JW, Howland R, Marks V . Attenuated GLP-1 secretion in obesity: cause or consequence? Gut 1996; 38: 916–919.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Bonsu NK, Johnson CS, McLeod KM . Can dietary fructans lower serum glucose? J Diabetes 2011; 3: 58–66.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Wu T, Yang Y, Zhang L, Han J . Systematic review of the effects of inulin-type fructans on blood lipid profiles: a meta-analysis. Journal of Hygiene Research 2010; 39: 172–176.
PubMed Google Scholar
- Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG . Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol 2009; 62: 1006–1012.
Article Google Scholar
- Higgins J, Green S . Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Cochrane collaboration 2011. Available at: www.cochranehandbook.org.
- Laird NM, Mosteller F . Some statistical methods for combining experimental results. International J Technol Assess Health Care 1990; 6: 5–30.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG . Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 2003; 327: 557–560.
Article Google Scholar
- Sterne JA, Sutton AJ, Ioannidis JP, Terrin N, Jones DR, Lau J et al. Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2011; 343: d4002.
Article Google Scholar
- Dehghan P, Gargari BP, Jafar-Abadi MA, Aliasgharzadeh A . Inulin controls inflammation and metabolic endotoxemia in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized-controlled clinical trial. Int J Food Sci and Nutr 2014; 65: 117–123.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Dehghan P, Pourghassem GB, Asgharijafarabadi M . Effects of high performance inulin supplementation on glycemic status and lipid profile in women with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Health Promot Perspect 2013; 3: 55–63.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
- Van Dokkum W, Wezendonk B, Srikumar TS, Van Den Heuvel EG . Effect of nondigestible oligosaccharides on large-bowel functions, blood lipid concentrations and glucose absorption in young healthy male subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999; 53: 1–7.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Forcheron F, Beylot M . Long-term administration of inulin-type fructans has no significant lipid-lowering effect in normolipidemic humans. Metabol – Clin and Experim 2007; 56: 1093–1098.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Letexier D, Diraison F, Beylot M . Addition of inulin to a moderately high-carbohydrate diet reduces hepatic lipogenesis and plasma triacylglycerol concentrations in humans. American J Clin Nutr 2003; 77: 559–564.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Luo J, Van Yperselle M, Rizkalla SW, Rossi F, Bornet FR, Slama G . Chronic consumption of short-chain fructooligosaccharides does not affect basal hepatic glucose production or insulin resistance in type 2 diabetics. J Nutr 2000; 130: 1572–1577.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Pedersen A, Sandstrom B, Van Amelsvoort JM . The effect of ingestion of inulin on blood lipids and gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy females. Br J Nutr 1997; 78: 215–222.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Russo F, Chimienti G, Riezzo G, Pepe G, Petrosillo G, Chiloiro M et al. Inulin-enriched pasta affects lipid profile and Lp(a) concentrations in Italian young healthy male volunteers. Eur J Nutr 2008; 47: 453–459.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Scheid MM, Genaro PS, Moreno YM, Pastore GM . Freeze-dried powdered yacon: effects of FOS on serum glucose, lipids and intestinal transit in the elderly. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 53: 1457–1464.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Causey JL, Feirtag JM, Gallaher DD . Effects of dietary inulin on serum lipids, blood glucose and the gastrointestinal environment in hypercholesterolemic men. Nutr Res 2000; 20: 191–201.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Davidson MH, Maki KC . Effects of dietary inulin on serum lipids. J Nutr 1999; 129: 1474S–1477S.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Giacco R, Clemente G, Luongo D, Lasorella G, Fiume I, Brouns F et al. Effects of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides on glucose and lipid metabolism in mild hypercholesterolaemic individuals. Clin Nutr 2004; 23: 331–340.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Jackson KG, Taylor GR, Clohessy AM, Williams CM . The effect of the daily intake of inulin on fasting lipid, insulin and glucose concentrations in middle-aged men and women. Br J Nutr 1999; 82: 23–30.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Daud NM, Ismail NA, Thomas EL, Fitzpatrick JA, Bell JD, Swann JR et al. The impact of oligofructose on stimulation of gut hormones, appetite regulation and adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22: 1430–1438.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- de Luis DA, de la Fuente B, Izaola O, Aller R, Gutierrez S, Morillo M . Double blind randomized clinical trial controlled by placebo with a fos enriched cookie on saciety and cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients. Nutr Hosp 2013; 28: 78–85.
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Dewulf EM, Cani PD, Claus SP, Fuentes S, Puylaert PG, Neyrinck AM et al. Insight into the prebiotic concept: lessons from an exploratory, double blind intervention study with inulin-type fructans in obese women. Gut 2013; 62: 1112–1121.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Genta S, Cabrera W, Habib N, Pons J, Carillo IM, Grau A et al. Yacon syrup: beneficial effects on obesity and insulin resistance in humans. Clin Nutr 2009; 28: 182–187.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Parnell JA, Reimer RA . Weight loss during oligofructose supplementation is associated with decreased ghrelin and increased peptide YY in overweight and obese adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 1751–1759.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Tovar AR, Caamano MC, Garcia-Padilla S, Garcia OP, Duarte MA, Rosado JL . The inclusion of a partial meal replacement with or without inulin to a calorie restricted diet contributes to reach recommended intakes of micronutrients and decrease plasma triglycerides: a randomized clinical trial in obese Mexican women. Nutr J 2012; 11: 44.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Alles MS, de Roos NM, Bakx JC, van de Lisdonk E, Zock PL, Hautvast GA . Consumption of fructooligosaccharides does not favorably affect blood glucose and serum lipid concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nuti 1999; 69: 64–69.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Wu X, Ma C, Han L, Nawaz M, Gao F, Zhang X et al. Molecular characterisation of the faecal microbiota in patients with type II diabetes. Curr Microbiol 2010; 61: 69–78.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Beserra BT, Fernandes R, Do RV, Mocellin MC, Kuntz MG, Trindade EB . A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prebiotics and synbiotics effects on glycaemia, insulin concentrations and lipid parameters in adult patients with overweight or obesity. Clin Nutr 2015; 34: 845–858.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Brighenti F . Dietary fructans and serum triacylglycerols: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Nutr 2007; 137: 2552S–2556S.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Roberfroid MB, Delzenne NM . Dietary fructans. Annu Rev Nutr 1998; 18: 117–143.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Roberfroid M, Gibson GR, Hoyles L, McCartney AL, Rastall R, Rowland I et al. Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits. Br J Nutr 2010; 104 (Suppl 2), S1–S63.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Liu TW, Cephas KD, Holscher HD, Kerr KR, Mangian HF, Tappenden KA et al. Nondigestible fructans alter gastrointestinal barrier function, gene expression, histomorphology, and the microbiota profiles of diet-induced obese C57BL/6 J mice. J Nutr 2016; 146: 949–956.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Holme I . An analysis of randomized trials evaluating the effect of cholesterol reduction on total mortality and coronary heart disease incidence. Circulation 1990; 82: 1916–1924.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- 1996. National Heart Foundation clinical guidelines for the assessment and management of dyslipidaemia. Dyslipidaemia Advisory Group on behalf of the scientific committee of the National Heart Foundation of New Zealand. N Z Med J 1996; 109: 224–231.
- Jenkins DJ, Jones PJ, Lamarche B, Kendall CW, Faulkner D, Cermakova L et al. Effect of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods given at 2 levels of intensity of dietary advice on serum lipids in hyperlipidemia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2011; 306: 831–839.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Ooi LG, Liong MT . Cholesterol-lowering effects of probiotics and prebiotics: a review of in vivo and in vitro findings. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11: 2499–2522.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Dikeman CL, Murphy MR, Fahey GJ . Dietary fibers affect viscosity of solutions and simulated human gastric and small intestinal digesta. J Nutr 2006; 136: 913–919.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Levrat MA, Remesy C, Demigne C . High propionic acid fermentations and mineral accumulation in the cecum of rats adapted to different levels of inulin. J Nutr 1991; 121: 1730–1737.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Delzenne NM, Daubioul C, Neyrinck A, Lasa M, Taper HS . Inulin and oligofructose modulate lipid metabolism in animals: review of biochemical events and future prospects. Br J Nutr 2002; 87 (Suppl 2), S255–S259.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Wolever TM, Brighenti F, Royall D, Jenkins AL, Jenkins DJ . Effect of rectal infusion of short chain fatty acids in human subjects. Am J Gastroenterology 1989; 84: 1027–1033.
CAS Google Scholar
- Kimura I, Inoue D, Maeda T, Hara T, Ichimura A, Miyauchi S et al. Short-chain fatty acids and ketones directly regulate sympathetic nervous system via G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011; 108: 8030–8035.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Mithieux G, Gautier-Stein A . Intestinal glucose metabolism revisited. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 105: 295–301.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- De Vadder F, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, Goncalves D, Vinera J, Zitoun C, Duchampt A et al. Microbiota-generated metabolites promote metabolic benefits via gut-brain neural circuits. Cell 2014; 156: 84–96.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Rossi M, Corradini C, Amaretti A, Nicolini M, Pompei A, Zanoni S et al. Fermentation of fructooligosaccharides and inulin by bifidobacteria: a comparative study of pure and fecal cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71: 6150–6158.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Trautwein EA, Rieckhoff D, Erbersdobler HF . Dietary inulin lowers plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol and alters biliary bile acid profile in hamsters. J Nutr 1998; 128: 1937–1943.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Creely SJ, McTernan PG, Kusminski CM, Fisher F, Da SN, Khanolkar M et al. Lipopolysaccharide activates an innate immune system response in human adipose tissue in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 292: E740–E747.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Cani PD, Amar J, Iglesias MA, Poggi M, Knauf C, Bastelica D et al. Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes 2007; 56: 1761–1772.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Kalliomaki M, Collado MC, Salminen S, Isolauri E . Early differences in fecal microbiota composition in children may predict overweight. American J Clin Nutr 2008; 87: 534–538.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Schwiertz A, Taras D, Schafer K, Beijer S, Bos NA, Donus C et al. Microbiota and SCFA in lean and overweight healthy subjects. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18: 190–195.
Article Google Scholar
- Cani PD, Neyrinck AM, Fava F, Knauf C, Burcelin RG, Tuohy KM et al. Selective increases of bifidobacteria in gut microflora improve high-fat-diet-induced diabetes in mice through a mechanism associated with endotoxaemia. Diabetologia 2007; 50: 2374–2383.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Kolida S, Meyer D, Gibson GR . A double-blind placebo-controlled study to establish the bifidogenic dose of inulin in healthy humans. European J Clin Nutr 2007; 61: 1189–1195.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Meyer D, Stasse-Wolthuis M . The bifidogenic effect of inulin and oligofructose and its consequences for gut health. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009; 63: 1277–1289.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Cani PD, Daubioul CA, Reusens B, Remacle C, Catillon G, Delzenne NM . Involvement of endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36) amide on glycaemia-lowering effect of oligofructose in streptozotocin-treated rats. J Endocrinol 2005; 185: 457–465.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Cani PD, Knauf C, Iglesias MA, Drucker DJ, Delzenne NM, Burcelin R . Improvement of glucose tolerance and hepatic insulin sensitivity by oligofructose requires a functional glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor. Diabetes 2006; 55: 1484–1490.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Delmee E, Cani PD, Gual G, Knauf C, Burcelin R, Maton N et al. Relation between colonic proglucagon expression and metabolic response to oligofructose in high fat diet-fed mice. Life Sci 2006; 79: 1007–1013.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Urias-Silvas JE, Cani PD, Delmee E, Neyrinck A, Lopez MG, Delzenne NM . Physiological effects of dietary fructans extracted from Agave tequilana Gto. and Dasylirion spp. Br J Nutr 2008; 99: 254–261.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Delzenne NM, Cani PD, Daubioul C, Neyrinck AM . Impact of inulin and oligofructose on gastrointestinal peptides. Br J Nutr 2005; 93 (Suppl 1), S157–S161.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Tarini J, Wolever TM . The fermentable fibre inulin increases postprandial serum short-chain fatty acids and reduces free-fatty acids and ghrelin in healthy subjects. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010; 35: 9–16.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Tolhurst G, Heffron H, Lam YS, Parker HE, Habib AM, Diakogiannaki E et al. Short-chain fatty acids stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion via the G-protein-coupled receptor FFAR2. Diabetes 2012; 61: 364–371.
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Drucker DJ . The biology of incretin hormones. Cell Metab 2006; 3: 153–165.
Article CAS Google Scholar