Tumour necrosis factor and cancer (original) (raw)
Carswell, E. A. et al. An endotoxin-induced serum factor that causes necrosis of tumours. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA72, 3666–3670 (1975). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Coley, W. B. The treatment of malignant tumors by repeated inoculations of erysipelas: with a report of ten original cases. Am. J. Med. Sci.105, 487–511 (1893). Article Google Scholar
Nauts, H. C., Swift, W. E. & Coley, B. L. The treatment of malignant tumors by bacterial toxins as developed by the late William B. Coley, M.D. Reviewed in the light of modern research. Cancer Res.6, 205–216 (1946). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Locksley, R. M., Killeen, N. & Lenardo, M. J. The TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies: integrating mammalian biology. Cell104, 487–501 (2001). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Moore, R. et al. Tumour necrosis factor-α deficient mice are resistant to skin carcinogenesis. Nature Med.5, 828–831 (1999). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Pikarsky, E. et al. NF-κB functions as a tumour promoter in inflammation-associated cancer. Nature431, 4461–4466 (2004). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Balkwill, F. TNF-α in promotion and progression of cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev.25, 409–416 (2006). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Sethi, G., Sung, B. & Aggarwal, B. B. TNF: a master switch for inflammation to cancer. Front. Biosci.13, 5094–5107 (2008). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Feldmann, M. Development of anti-TNF therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Nature Rev. Immunol.2, 364–371 (2002). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sands, B. E. et al. Infliximab maintenance therapy for fistulizing Crohn's disease. N. Engl. J. Med.350, 876–885 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Tracey, D., Klareskog, L., Sasso, E. H., Salfeld, J. G. & Tak, P. P. Tumor necrosis factor antagonist mechanisms of action: A comprehensive review. Pharmacol. Therapeut.117, 244–279 (2008). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Madhusudan, S. et al. A phase II study of Etanercept (Enbrel), a tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitor in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Clin. Cancer Res.10, 6528–6534 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Madhusudan, S. et al. A phase II study of Ethanercept (ENBREL) a tumour necrosis factor- α inhibitor in recurrent ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.23, 5950–5959 (2005). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Harrison, M. L. et al. Tumor necrosis factor α as a new target for renal cell carcinoma: two sequential phase II trials of infliximab at standard and high dose. J. Clin. Oncol.25, 4542–4549 (2007). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Brown, E. R. et al. A clinical study assessing the tolerability and biological effects of infliximab, a TNF-α inhibitor, in patients with advanced cancer. Ann. Oncol.19, 1340–1346 (2008). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Daniel, D. & Wilson, N. S. Tumor necrosis factor: renaissance as a cancer therapeutic? Curr. Cancer Drug Targets.8, 124–131 (2008). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Coley, W. B. The treatment of inoperable sarcoma by bacterial toxins (the mixed toxins of the streptococcus erysipelas and the bacillus prodigiosus). Proc. R. Soc. Med.3 (Surg. Sect), 1–48 (1909). Google Scholar
Hall, S. S. A Commotion in the Blood 21–127 (Henry Holt, New York, 1997). Google Scholar
Coley, W. B. Late results of the treatment of inoperable sarcoma by the mixed toxins of erysipelas and bacillus prodigiosus. Am. J. Med. Sci.131, 375–430 (1906). Google Scholar
Coley Nauts, H., Fowler, G. A. & Bogatko, F. H. A review of the influence of bacterial infection and of bacterial products (Coley's toxins) on malignant tumors in man. Acta Med. Scand., 29–97 (1953).
Gratia, A. & Linz, R. Le phenomenene de Schwartzman dans le sarcome du cobaye. C R. Soc. Biol.108, 427–428 (1931) (in French). Google Scholar
Shear, M. J. & Perrault, A. Chemical treatment of tumors. IX. Reactions of mice with primary subcutaneous tumors to injection of a hemorrhage-producing bacterial polysaccharide. J. Natl Cancer Inst.44, 461–476 (1944). Google Scholar
O'Malley, W. E., Achinstein, B. & Shear, M. J. Action of bacterial polysaccharide on tumours. II. Damage of sarcoma 37 by serum of mice treated with serratia marcescens polysaccharide, and induced tolerance. J. Natl Cancer Inst.29, 1169–1175 (1962). CAS Google Scholar
Granger, G. A. & Kolb, W. P. Lymphocyte in vitro cytotoxicity: mechanisms of immune and non-immune small lymphocyte mediated target L cell destruction. J. Immunol.101, 111–120 (1968). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Aggarwal, B. B. et al. Human tumor necrosis factor. Production, purification, and characterisation. J. Biol. Chem.260, 2345–2354 (1985). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Aggarwal, B. B., Moffat, B. & Harkins, R. N. Human lymphotoxin. Production by a lymphoblastoid cell line, purification, and initial characterization. J. Biol. Chem.259, 686–691 (1984). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Aggarwal, B. B., Henzel, W. J., Moffat, B., Kohr, W. J. & Harkins, R. N. Primary structure of human lymphotoxin derived from 1788 lymphoblastoid cell line. J. Biol. Chem.260, 2334–2344 (1985). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Aggarwal, B. B., Eessalu, T. E. & Hass, P. E. Characterization of receptors for human tumour necrosis factor and their regulation by γ-interferon. Nature318, 665–667 (1985). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Pennica, D. et al. Human tumour necrosis factor: precursor structure, expression and homology to lymphotoxin. Nature312, 724–729 (1984). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Gray, P. W. et al. Cloning and expression of cDNA for human lymphotoxin, a lymphokine with tumour necrosis activity. Nature312, 721–724 (1984). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Marmenout, A. et al. Molecular cloning and expression of human tumor necrosis factor and comparison with mouse tumor necrosis factor. Eur. J. Biochem.152, 515–522 (1985). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Fransen, L. et al. Molecular cloning of mouse tumour necrosis factor cDNA and its eukaryotic expression. Nucleic Acids Res.13, 4417–4429 (1985). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Hahn, T. et al. Use of monoclonal antibodies to a human cytotoxin for its isolation and for examining the self induction of resistance to this protein. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA82, 3814–3818 (1985). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Hehlgans, T. & Pfeffer, K. The intriguing biology of the tumor necrosis factor/tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily: players, rules and the games. Immunology115, 1–20 (2005). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Dillon, S. R., Gross, J. A., Ansell, S. M. & Novak, A. J. An APRIL to remember: novel TNF ligands as therapeutic targets. Nature Rev. Drug Discov.5, 235–242 (2006). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sabbagh, L., Snell, L. M. & Watts, T. H. TNF family ligands define niches for T cell memory. Trends Immunol.28, 333–339 (2007). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Engelmann, H., Aderka, D., Rubinstein, M., Rotman, D. & Wallach, D. A tumor necrosis factor-binding protein purified to homogeneity from human urine protects cells from tumor necrosis factor toxicity. J. Biol. Chem.264, 11974–11980 (1989). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Engelmann, H., Novick, D. & Wallach, D. Two tumor necrosis factor-binding proteins purified from human urine. Evidence for immunological cross-reactivity with cell surface tumor necrosis factor receptors. J. Biol. Chem.265, 1531–1536 (1990). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Loetscher, H. et al. Molecular cloning and expression of the human 55 KD tumor necrosis factor receptor. Cell61, 351–359 (1990). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Schall, T. J. et al. Molecular cloning and expression of a receptor for human tumor necrosis factor. Cell61, 361–370 (1990). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Smith, C. A. et al. A receptor for tumor necrosis factor defines an unusual family of cellular and viral proteins. Science248, 1019–1023 (1990). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Heller, R. A. et al. Complementary DNA cloning of a receptor for tumor necrosis factor and demonstration of a shed form of the receptor. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA87, 6151–6155 (1990). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Beutler, B. A. The role of tumor necrosis factor in health and disease. J. Rheumatol.26, 16–21 (1999). Google Scholar
Elliott, M. J. et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor a (cA2) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet344, 1105–1110 (1994). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Brouckaert, P. G. G., Leroux-Roels, G. G., Guisez, Y., Tavernier, J. & Fiers, W. In vivo anti-tumour activity of recombinant human and murine TNF, alone and in combination with murine IFN-gamma on a syngeneic murine melanoma. Int. J. Cancer38, 763–769 (1986). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Balkwill, F. R. et al. Human tumour xenografts treated with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alone or in combination with interferons. Cancer Res.46, 3990–3993 (1986). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Talmadge, J. E. et al. Immunomodulatory properties of recombinant murine and human tumor necrosis factor. Cancer Res.48, 544–550 (1988). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Watanabe, N. et al. Synergistic cytotoxic and antitumour effects of recombinant tumour necrosis factor and hyperthermia. Cancer Res.48, 650–653 (1988). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Nawroth, P. et al. Tumor necrosis factor/cachectin-induced intravascular fibrin formation in meth A fibrosarcomas. J. Exp. Med.168, 637–647 (1988). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Mantovani, A. & Dejana, E. Cytokines as communication signals between leukocytes and endothelial cells. Immunol. Today10, 370–375 (1989). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Kettlehut, I. C., Fiers, W. & Goldberg, A. L. The toxic effects of tumor necrosis factor in vivo and their prevention by cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA84, 4273–4277 (1987). Article Google Scholar
Havell, E. A., Fiers, W. & North, R. J. The antitumor function of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). 1. Therapeutic action of TNF against an established murine sarcoma is indirect, immunologically dependent, and limited by severe toxicity. J. Exp. Med.167, 1067–1085 (1988). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lienard, D., Ewalenko, P., Delmotte, J.-J., Renard, N. & Lejeune, F. J. High-dose recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha in combination with interferon gamma and melphalan in isolation perfusion of the limbs for melanoma and sarcoma. J. Clin. Oncol.10, 52–60 (1992). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Nooijen, P. T. et al. Synergistic effects of TNF-alpha and melphalan in an isolated limb perfusion model of rat sarcoma: a histopathological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical study. Br. J. Cancer74, 1908–1915 (1996). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
de Wilt, J. H. et al. Prerequisites for effective isolated limb perfusion using tumour necrosis factor alpha and melphalan in rats. Br. J. Cancer80, 161–166 (1999). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
van der Veen, A. H. et al. TNF-α augments intratumoural concentrations of doxorubicin in TNF-α-based isolated limb perfusion in rat sarcoma models and enhances anti-tumour efects. Br. J. Cancer82, 973–980 (2000). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Seynhaeve, A. L. et al. Tumor necrosis factor α mediates homogeneous distribution of liposomes in murine melanoma that contributes to a better tumor response. Cancer Res.67, 9455–9462 (2007). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Colotta, F., Peri, G., Villa, A. & Mantovani, A. Rapid killing of actinomycin D-treated tumor cells by human mononuclear cells. 1. Effectors belong to the monocyte-macrophage lineage. J. Immunol.132, 936–944 (1984). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Sugarman, B. J. et al. Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha: effects on proliferation of normal and transformed cells in vitro. Science230, 943–945 (1985). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Dealtry, G. B., Naylor, M. S., Fiers, W. & Balkwill, F. R. The effect of recombinant human tumour necrosis factor on growth and macromolecular synthesis of human epithelial cells. Exp. Cell Res.170, 428–438 (1987). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Fransen, L., Van der Heyden, J., Ruysschaert, R. & Fiers, W. Recombinant tumor necrosis factor: its effect and its synergism with interferon-gamma on a variety of normal and transformed human cell lines. Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol.22, 419–426 (1986). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Williamson, B. D., Carswell, E. A., Rubin, B. Y. & Prendergast, J. S. Human tumor necrosis factor produced by human B-cell lines: synergistic cytotoxic interaction with human interferons. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA80, 5397–5401 (1983). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Wallach, D. Preparations of lymphotoxin induce resistance to their own cytotoxic effect. J. Immunol.132, 2464–2469 (1984). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Palladino, M. A. Jr et al. Characterization of the antitumor activities of human tumor necrosis factor alpha and the comparison with other cytokines: induction of tumor-specific immunity. J. Immunol.138, 4023–4032 (1987). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Kashii, Y., Giorda, R., Herberman, R. B., Whiteside, T. L. & Vujanovic, N. L. Constitutive expression and role of the TNF family ligands in apoptotic killing of tumor cells by human NK cells. J. Immunol.163, 5358–5366 (1999). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Prevost-Blondel, A., Roth, E., Rosenthal, F. M. & Pircher, H. Crucial role of TNF-α in CD8 cell-mediated elimination of 3LL-A9 Lewis lung carcinoma cells in vivo. J. Immunol.164, 3645–3651 (2000). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Baxevanis, C. N., Voutsas, I. F., Tsitsilonis, O. E., Tsiatas, D. G. & Papmichail, M. Compromised anti-tumor responses in tumor necrosis factor-α knockout mice. Eur. J. Immunol.30, 1957–1966 (2000). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Calzascia, T. et al. TNF-α is critical for antitumor but not antiviral T cell immunity in mice. J. Clin. Invest.117, 3833–3845 (2007). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Creagan, E. T., Kovach, J. S., Moertel, C. G., Frytak, S. & Kvols, L. K. A phase 1 clinical trial of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor. Cancer62, 2467–2471 (1988). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Kimura, K. et al. Phase 1 study of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.20, 223–229 (1987). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Blick, M., Sherwin, S. A., Rosenblum, M. & Gutterman, J. Phase I study of recombinant tumor necrosis factor in cancer patients. Cancer Res.47, 2986–2989 (1987). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Morice, R. C., Blick, M. B., Ali, M. K. & Gutterman, J. U. Pulmonary toxicity of recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF). Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol.6, 29 (1987). Google Scholar
Verhoef, C. et al. Isolated limb perfusion with melphalan and TNF-α in the treatment of extremity sarcoma. Curr. Treat. Options Oncol.8, 417–427 (2007). ArticlePubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Grunhagen, D. J. et al. Outcome and prognostic factor analysis of 217 consecutive isolated limb perfusions with tumor necrosis factor-α and melphalan for limb-threatening soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer106, 1776–1784 (2006). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Spriggs, D., Imamura, K., Rodriguez, C., Horiguchi, J. & Kufe, D. W. Induction of tumor necrosis factor expression and resistance in a human breast tumor cell line. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA84, 6563–6566 (1987). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Beissert, S. et al. Regulation of tumor necrosis factor gene expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma: In vivo analysis by in situ hybridization. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA86, 5064–5086 (1989). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Naylor, M. S., Malik, S. T. A., Stamp, G. W. H., Jobling, T. & Balkwill, F. R. In situ detection of tumour necrosis factor in human ovarian cancer specimens. Eur. J. Cancer26, 1027–1030 (1990). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Naylor, M. S., Stamp, G. W. H., Foulkes, W. D., Eccles, D. & Balkwill, F. R. Tumor necrosis factor and its receptors in human ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Invest.91, 2194–2206 (1993). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Karayiannakis, A. J. et al. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nutritional status in pancreatic cancer patients. Anticancer Res.21, 1355–1358 (2001). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Yoshida, N. et al. Interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Br. J. Cancer86, 1396–1400 (2002). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Ferrajoli, A. et al. The clinical significance of tumor necrosis factor-a plasma level in patients having chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood100, 1215–1219 (2002). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Bozcuk, H. et al. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and fasting serum insulin correlate with clinical outcome in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Cytokine27, 58–65 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Anderson, G. M., Nakada, M. T. & DeWitte, M. Tumor necrosis factor-α in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol.4, 314–320 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Pfitzenmaier, J. et al. Elevation of cytokine levels in cachectic patients with prostate carcinoma. Cancer97, 1211–1216 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Michalaki, V., Syrigos, K., Charles, P. & Waxman, J. Serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α correlate with clinicopathological features and patient survival in patients with prostate cancer. Br. J. Cancer91, 1227 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Central Google Scholar
Frater-Schroder, M., Risau, W., Hallmann, R., Gautschi, P. & Bohlen, P. Tumor necrosis factor type α, a potent inhibitor of endothelial cell growth in vitro, is angiogenic in vivo. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA84, 5277–5281 (1987). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Leibovich, S. J. et al. Macrophage-induced angiogenesis is mediated by tumour necrosis factor alpha. Nature329, 630–632 (1987). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Malik, S. T. A., Griffin, D. B., Fiers, W. & Balkwill, F. R. Paradoxical, effects of tumour necrosis factor in experimental ovarian cancer. Int. J. Cancer44, 918–925 (1989). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Malik, S. T. A., Naylor, S., East, N., Oliff, A. & Balkwill, F. R. Cells secreting tumour necrosis factor show enhanced metastasis in nude mice. Eur. J. Cancer26, 1031–1034 (1990). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Orosz, P. et al. Enhancement of experimental metastasis by tumor necrosis factor. J. Exp. Med.177, 1391–1398 (1993). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Pasparakis, M., Alexopoulou, L., Episkopou, V. & Kollias, G. Immune and inflammatory responses in TNFα-deficient mice: a critical requirement for TNFα in the formation of primary B cell follicles, follicular dendritic cell networks and germinal centers, and in the maturation of the humoral immune response. J. Exp. Med.184, 1397–1411 (1996). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Virchow, R. Die krankhaften Geschwulste (1863). Google Scholar
Balkwill, F. & Mantovani, A. Inflammation and cancer: back to Virchow. Lancet357, 539–545 (2001). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Balkwill, F., Charles, K. A. & Mantovani, A. Smoldering and polarized inflammation in the initiation and promotion of malignant disease. Cancer Cell7, 211–217 (2005). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Mantovani, A., Allavena, P., Sica, A. & Balkwill, F. Cancer-related inflammation. Nature454, 436–444 (2008). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Suganuma, M. et al. Essential role of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in tumor promotion as revealed by TNF-α-deficient mice. Cancer Res.59, 4516–4518 (1999). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Kulbe, H. et al. The inflammatory cytokine TNF-α generates an autocrine tumour-promoting network in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Res.67, 585–592 (2007). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Egberts, J.-H. et al. Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy inhibits pancreatic tumor growth and metastasis. Cancer Res.68, 1443–1450 (2008). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Stathopoulos, G. T. et al. Tumor necrosis factor-α promotes malignant pleural effusion. Cancer Res.67, 9825–9834 (2007). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Zins, K., Abraham, D., Sioud, M. & Aharinejad, S. Colon cancer cell-derived tumor necrosis factor-α mediates the tumor growth-promoting response in macrophages by up-regulating the colony-stimulating factor-1 pathway. Cancer Res.67, 1038–1045 (2007). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Li, B. et al. Low levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha increase tumor growth by inducing an endothelial phenotype of monocytes recruited to the tumor site. Cancer Res.69, 338–348 (2009). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Hagemann, T. et al. TNF-α dependent increased c-Jun and NF-κB activity in tumour cell lines upon co-cultivation with macrophages. J. Immunol.175, 1197–1205 (2005). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hagemann, T. et al. Ovarian cancer cells polarize macrophages toward a tumor-associated phenotype. J. Immunol.176, 5023–5032 (2006). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Szlosarek, P. W. et al. Expression and regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α in normal and malignant ovarian epithelium. Mol. Cancer Ther.5, 382–390 (2006). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Galban, S. et al. von Hippel–Lindau protein-mediated repression of tumor necrosis factor alpha translation revealed through use of cDNA arrays. Mol. Cell. Biol.23, 2316–2328 (2003). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Suganuma, M., Kuzuhara, T., Yamaguchi, K. & Fujiki, H. Carcinogenic role of tumor necrosis factor-α inducing protein of Helicobacter pylori in human stomach. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol.39, 1–8 (2006). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Maeda, S., Kamata, H., Luo, J. L., Leffert, H. & Karin, M. IKKβ couples hepatocyte death to cytokine-driven compensatory proliferation that promotes chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. Cell121, 977–990 (2005). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Popivanova, B. K. et al. Blocking TNF-α in mice reduces colorectal carcinogenesis associated with chronic colitis. J. Clin. Invest.118, 560–570 (2008). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Oguma, K. et al. Activated macrophages promote Wnt signalling through tumour necrosis factor-α in gastic tumour cells. EMBO J.27, 1671–1681 (2008). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Komori, A. et al. Tumor necrosis factor acts as a tumor promoter in BALB/3T3 cell transformation. Cancer Res.53, 1982–1985 (1993). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Li, J. et al. TNF-α induces leukemic clonal evolution ex vivo in Fanconi anemia group C murine stem cells. J. Clin. Invest.117, 3283–3295 (2007). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Yan, B. et al. Tumor necrosis factor-α is a potent endogenous mutagen that promotes cellular transformation. Cancer Res.66, 11565–11570 (2006). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Babbar, N. & Casero, R. A. Jr. Tumor necrosis factor-α increases reactive oxygen species by inducing spermine oxidase in human lung epithelial cells: a potential mechanism for inflammation-induced carcinogenesis. Cancer Res.66, 11125–11130 (2006). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Komori, J. et al. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase links bile duct inflammation to human cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology47, 888–896 (2008). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Akiyama, M. et al. Nuclear factor-κB p65 mediates tumor necrosis factor α-induced nuclear translocation of telomerase reverse transcriptase protein. Cancer Res.63, 18–21 (2003). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Bates, R. C. & Mercurio, A. M. Tumor necrosis factor-α stimulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of human colonic organoids. Mol. Biol. Cell14, 1790–1800 (2003). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Arnott, C. H. et al. Expression of both TNF-a receptor subtypes is essential for optimal skin tumour development. Oncogene23, 1902–1910 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Tomita, Y. et al. Spontaneous regression of lung metastasis in the absence of tumour necrosis factor p55. Int. J. Cancer112, 927–933 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Kitakata, H. et al. Essential roles of tumor necrosis factor receptor p55 in liver metastasis of intrasplenic administration of colon 26 cells. Cancer Res.62, 6682–6687 (2002). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Chen, X., Baumel, M., Mannel, D. N., Howard, O. M. Z. & Oppenheim, J. J. Interaction of TNF with TNF receptor type 2 promotes expansion and function of mouse CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells. J. Immunol.179, 154–161 (2007). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Greten, F. R. et al. IKKβ links inflammation and tumorigenesis in a mouse model of colitis-associated cancer. Cell118, 285–296 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Liu, Z.-G., Hsu, H., Goeddel, D. V. & Karin, M. Dissection of TNF receptor 1 effector functions: JNK activation is not linked to apoptosis while NF-κB activation prevents cell death. Cell87, 565–576 (1996). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Bonizzi, G. & Karin, M. The two NF-κB activation pathways and their role in innate and adaptive immunity. Trends Immunol.25, 280–288 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lee, D.-F. et al. IKKB suppression of TSC1 links inflammation and tumor angiogenesis via the mTOR pathway. Cell130, 440–455 (2007). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Scott, K. A. et al. An anti-TNF-α antibody inhibits the development of experimental skin tumors. Mol. Cancer Ther.2, 445–451 (2003). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Rao, V. P. et al. Proinflammatory CD4+CD45RBhi lymphocytes promote mammary and intestinal carcinogenesis in ApcMin/+ mice. Cancer Res.66, 57–61 (2006). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Stasi, R., Amadori, S., Newland, A. C. & Provan, D. Infliximab chimeric antitumor necrosis factor-a monoclonal antibody as potential treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk. Lymphoma46, 509–516 (2005). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Nadkarni, S., Mauri, C. & Ehrenstein, M. R. Anti-TNF-α therapy induces a distinct regulatory T cell population in patients with rheumatoid arthritis via TGF-β. J. Exp. Med.204, 33–39 (2007). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Zaba, L. C. et al. Amelioration of epidermal hyperplasia by TNF inhibition is associated with reduced Th17 responses. J. Exp. Med.204, 3183–3194 (2007). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Langowski, J. L. et al. IL-23 promotes tumour incidence and growth. Nature, 442, 461–465 (2006). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Fujiki, H. et al. New TNF-α releasing inhibitors as cancer preventive agents from traditional herbal medicine and combination cancer prevention study with EGCG and sulindac or tamoxifen. Mut. Res.523, 119–125 (2003). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Bongartz, T. et al. Anti-TNF antibody therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of serious infections and malignancies. JAMA295, 2275–2285 (2006). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Askling, J. & Bongartz, T. Malignancy and biologic therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol.20, 334–339 (2008). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Creagh, E. M. & O'Neill, L. A. J. TLRs, NLRs and RLRs: a trinity of pathogen sensors that co-operate in innate immunity. Trends Immunol.27, 352–357 (2006). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Alexandroff, A. B., Jackson, A. M., O'Donnell, M. A. & James, K. BCG immunotherapy of bladder cancer: 20 years on. Lancet353, 1689–1694 (1999). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Apetoh, L. et al. Toll-like receptor 4-dependent contribution of the immune system to anticancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Nature Med.13, 1050–1059 (2007). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Swann, J. B. et al. Demonstration of inflammation-induced cancer and cancer immunoediting during primary tumorigenesis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA105, 652–656 (2008). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Koebel, M. et al. Adaptive immunity maintains occult cancer in an equilibrium state. Nature450, 903–907 (2007). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Senzer, N. et al. TNFerade biologic, an adenovector with a radiation-inducible promoter, carrying the human tumor necrosis factor alpha gene: a phase I study in patients with solid tumors. J. Clin. Oncol.22, 592–601 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Mauceri, H. J. et al. Translational strategies exploiting TNF-α that sensitize tumors to radiation therapy. Cancer Gene Ther. 31 Oct 2008 (doi:10.1038/cgt.2008.86). ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralCAS Google Scholar
Krippner-Heidenreich, A. et al. Single chain TNF, a TNF derivative with enhanced stability and antitumoral activity. J. Immunol.180, 8176–8183 (2008). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Petersen, S. L. et al. Autocrine TNFα signaling renders human cancer cells susceptible to Smac-mimetic-induced apoptosis. Cancer Cell12, 445–456 (2007). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Charles, P. et al. Regulation of cytokines, cytokine inhibitors, and acute-phase proteins following anti-TNF-α therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Immunol.163, 1521–1528 (1999). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Gray-Schopfer, V. C., Karasarides, M., Hayward, R. & Marais, R. Tumor necrosis factor-α blocks apoptosis in melanoma cells when BRAF signaling is inhibited. Cancer Res.67, 122–129 (2007). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Gordon, G. J. et al. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins are regulated by tumour necrosis factor-a in malignant pleural mesothelioma. J. Pathol.211, 439–446 (2007). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Varfolomeev, E. E. & Ashkenazi, A. Tumor necrosis factor: an apoptosis JuNKie? Cell116, 491–497 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Aggarwal, B. B. Signalling pathways of the TNF superfamily: a double-edged sword. Nature Rev. Immunol.3, 745–756 (2003). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Akira, S. & Takeda, K. Toll-like receptor signalling. Nature Rev. Immunol.4, 499–511 (2004). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Tsenova, L., Bergtold, A., Freedman, V. H., Young, R. A. & Kaplan, G. Tumour necrosis factor α is a determinant of pathogenesis and disease progression in mycobacterial infection in the central nervous system. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA96, 5657–5662 (1999). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Schluter, D. et al. Both lymphotoxin-α and TNF are crucial for control of Toxoplasma gondii in the central nervous system. J. Immunol.170, 6172–6182 (2003). ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Pasparakis, M. et al. Peyer's patch organogenesis is intact yet formation of B lymphocyte follicles is defective in peripheral lymphoid organs of mice deficient for tumor necrosis factor and its 55-kDa receptor. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA94, 6319–6323 (1997). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Kuprash, D. V. et al. Novel tumor necrosis factor-knockout mice that lack Peyer's patches. Eur. J. Immunol.35, 1592–1600 (2005). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Grivennikov, S. I. et al. Distinct and nonredundant in vivo functions of TNF produced by T cells and macrophages/neutrophils: protective and deleterious effects. Immunity22, 93–104 (2005). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Beutler, B. et al. Identity of tumour necrosis factor and the macrophage-secreted factor cachetin. Nature316, 552–554 (1985). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Brennan, F. M., Jackson, A., Chantry, D., Maini, R. & Feldmann, M. Inhibitory effect of TNF-alpha antibodies on synovial cell interleukin-1 production in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet2, 244–247 (1989). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Williams, R. O., Feldmann, M. & Maini, R. N. Anti-tumor necrosis factor ameliorates joint disease in murine collagen-induced arthritis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA89, 9784–9788 (1992). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
van Deventer, S. J. Anti-TNF antibody treatment of Crohn's disease. Ann. Rheum. Dis.58, 14–20 (1999). Article Google Scholar
Mease, P. J. et al. Etanercept in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis: a randomised trial. Lancet356, 385–390 (2000). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Chaudhari, U. et al. Efficacy and safety of infliximab monotherapy for plaque-type psoriasis: a randomised trial. Lancet357, 1842–1847 (2001). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Berry, M. A. et al. Evidence of a role of tumor necrosis factor α in refractory asthma. N. Engl. J. Med.354, 697–708 (2006). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Ashkenazi, A. Targeting death and decoy receptors of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. Nature Rev. Cancer2, 420–430 (2002). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Gray, P. W., Barret, K., Chantry, D., Turner, M. & Feldmann, M. Cloning of human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor cDNA and expression of recombinant soluble TNF-binding protein. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA87, 7380–7384 (1990). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Heller, R. A. et al. Amplified expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor in cells transfected with Epstein–Barr virus shuttle vector cDNA libraries. J. Biol. Chem.265, 5708–5717 (1990). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar