Bartel, D. P. MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell116, 281–297 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Cullen, B. R. Transcription and processing of human microRNA precursors. Mol. Cell16, 861–865 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lewis, B. P., Shih, I. H., Jones Rhoades, M. W., Bartel, D. P. & Burge, C. B. Prediction of mammalian microRNA targets. Cell115, 787–798 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lewis, B. P., Burge, C. B. & Bartel, D. P. Conserved seed pairing, often flanked by adenosines, indicates that thousands of human genes are microRNA targets. Cell120, 15–20 (2005). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Bartel, D. P. & Chen, C. Z. Micromanagers of gene expression: the potentially widespread influence of metazoan microRNAs. Nature Rev. Genet.5, 396–400 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lau, N. C., Lim, L. P., Weinstein, E. G. & Bartel, D. P. An abundant class of tiny RNAs with probable regulatory roles in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science294, 858–862 (2001). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lagos-Quintana, M., Rauhut, R., Lendeckel, W. & Tuschl, T. Identification of novel genes coding for small expressed RNAs. Science294, 853–858 (2001). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Cai, X., Hagedorn, C. H. & Cullen, B. R. Human microRNAs are processed from capped, polyadenylated transcripts that can also function as mRNAs. RNA10, 1957–1966 (2004). This paper, together with reference 11, presents direct evidence for the pol-II-dependent transcription of miRNA genes and delineates the structure of miRNA genes. ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Lee, Y., Jeon, K., Lee, J. T., Kim, S. & Kim, V. N. MicroRNA maturation: stepwise processing and subcellular localization. EMBO J.21, 4663–4670 (2002). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Smalheiser, N. R. EST analyses predict the existence of a population of chimeric microRNA precursor–mRNA transcripts expressed in normal human and mouse tissues. Genome Biol.4, 403 (2003). ArticlePubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Rodriguez, A., Griffiths-Jones, S., Ashurst, J. L. & Bradley, A. Identification of mammalian microRNA host genes and transcription units. Genome Res.14, 1902–1910 (2004). Analyses the genomic locations of miRNA genes relative to defined transcription units. ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Aukerman, M. J. & Sakai, H. Regulation of flowering time and floral organ identity by a microRNA and its APETALA2-like target genes. Plant Cell15, 2730–2741 (2003). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Tam, W. Identification and characterization of human BIC, a gene on chromosome 21 that encodes a noncoding RNA. Gene274, 157–167 (2001). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Bracht, J., Hunter, S., Eachus, R., Weeks, P. & Pasquinelli, A. E. _Trans_-splicing and polyadenylation of let-7 microRNA primary transcripts. RNA10, 1586–1594 (2004). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Lee, R. C., Feinbaum, R. L. & Ambros, V. The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14. Cell75, 843–854 (1993). This article reports the discovery of the first miRNA. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Brennecke, J., Hipfner, D. R., Stark, A., Russell, R. B. & Cohen, S. M. bantam encodes a developmentally regulated microRNA that controls cell proliferation and regulates the proapoptotic gene hid in Drosophila. Cell113, 25–36 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lagos-Quintana, M. et al. Identification of tissue-specific microRNAs from mouse. Curr. Biol.12, 735–739 (2002). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Aravin, A. A. et al. The small RNA profile during Drosophila melanogaster development. Dev. Cell5, 337–350 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Krichevsky, A. M., King, K. S., Donahue, C. P., Khrapko, K. & Kosik, K. S. A microRNA array reveals extensive regulation of microRNAs during brain development. RNA9, 1274–1281 (2003). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Sempere, L. F., Sokol, N. S., Dubrovsky, E. B., Berger, E. M. & Ambros, V. Temporal regulation of microRNA expression in Drosophila melanogaster mediated by hormonal signals and broad-Complex gene activity. Dev. Biol.259, 9–18 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Sempere, L. F. et al. Expression profiling of mammalian microRNAs uncovers a subset of brain-expressed microRNAs with possible roles in murine and human neuronal differentiation. Genome Biol.5, R13 (2004). ArticlePubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Calin, G. A. et al. MicroRNA profiling reveals distinct signatures in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA101, 11755–11760 (2004). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Liu, C. G. et al. An oligonucleotide microchip for genome-wide microRNA profiling in human and mouse tissues. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA101, 9740–9744 (2004). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Schmittgen, T. D., Jiang, J., Liu, Q. & Yang, L. A high-throughput method to monitor the expression of microRNA precursors. Nucleic Acids Res.32, e43 (2004). ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralCAS Google Scholar
Babak, T., Zhang, W., Morris, Q., Blencowe, B. J. & Hughes, T. R. Probing microRNAs with microarrays: tissue specificity and functional inference. RNA10, 1813–1819 (2004). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Barad, O. et al. MicroRNA expression detected by oligonucleotide microarrays: system establishment and expression profiling in human tissues. Genome Res.14, 2486–2494 (2004). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Sun, Y. et al. Development of a micro-array to detect human and mouse microRNAs and characterization of expression in human organs. Nucleic Acids Res.32, e188 (2004). ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralCAS Google Scholar
Johnson, S. M., Lin, S. Y. & Slack, F. J. The time of appearance of the C. elegans let-7 microRNA is transcriptionally controlled utilizing a temporal regulatory element in its promoter. Dev. Biol.259, 364–379 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Zeng, Y., Wagner, E. J. & Cullen, B. R. Both natural and designed micro RNAs can inhibit the eExpression of cognate mRNAs when expressed in human cells. Mol. Cell9, 1327–1333 (2002). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Ohler, U., Yekta, S., Lim, L. P., Bartel, D. P. & Burge, C. B. Patterns of flanking sequence conservation and a characteristic upstream motif for microRNA gene identification. RNA10, 1309–1322 (2004). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Lee, Y. et al. The nuclear RNase III Drosha initiates microRNA processing. Nature425, 415–419 (2003). This paper demonstrates the function of Drosha in primary miRNA processing. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Filippov, V., Solovyev, V., Filippova, M. & Gill, S. S. A novel type of RNase III family proteins in eukaryotes. Gene245, 213–221 (2000). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Fortin, K. R., Nicholson, R. H. & Nicholson, A. W. Mouse ribonuclease III. cDNA structure, expression analysis, and chromosomal location. BMC Genomics3, 26 (2002). ArticlePubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Wu, H., Xu, H., Miraglia, L. J. & Crooke, S. T. Human RNase III is a 160-kDa protein involved in preribosomal RNA processing. J. Biol. Chem.275, 36957–36965 (2000). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Han, J. et al. The Drosha–DGCR8 complex in primary microRNA processing. Genes Dev.18, 3016–3027 (2004). The authors delineate the domain structure of Drosha, a class-II RNase III protein, and confirm the 'single processing centre' model. ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Denli, A. M., Tops, B. B., Plasterk, R. H., Ketting, R. F. & Hannon, G. J. Processing of primary microRNAs by the Microprocessor complex. Nature432, 231–235 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Gregory, R. I. et al. The Microprocessor complex mediates the genesis of microRNAs. Nature432, 235–240 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Landthaler, M., Yalcin, A. & Tuschl, T. The human DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 and its D. melanogaster homolog are required for miRNA biogenesis. Curr. Biol.14, 2162–2167 (2004). References 40–43 report DGCR8/Pasha as the essential cofactor for Drosha. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Zeng, Y., Yi, R. & Cullen, B. R. Recognition and cleavage of primary microRNA precursors by the nuclear processing enzyme Drosha. EMBO J.24, 138–148 (2005). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Kim, V. N. MicroRNA precursors in motion: exportin-5 mediates their nuclear export. Trends Cell Biol.14, 156–159 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Murchison, E. P. & Hannon, G. J. miRNAs on the move: miRNA biogenesis and the RNAi machinery. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol.16, 223–229 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Nakielny, S. & Dreyfuss, G. Transport of proteins and RNAs in and out of the nucleus. Cell99, 677–690 (1999). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lund, E., Guttinger, S., Calado, A., Dahlberg, J. E. & Kutay, U. Nuclear export of microRNA precursors. Science303, 95–98 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Yi, R., Qin, Y., Macara, I. G. & Cullen, B. R. Exportin-5 mediates the nuclear export of pre-microRNAs and short hairpin RNAs. Genes Dev.17, 3011–3016 (2003). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Bohnsack, M. T., Czaplinski, K. & Gorlich, D. Exportin 5 is a RanGTP-dependent dsRNA-binding protein that mediates nuclear export of pre-miRNAs. RNA10, 185–191 (2004). Together with references 49 and 50, this paper shows that exportin-5 mediates the nuclear export of pre-miRNAs. ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Bohnsack, M. T. et al. Exp5 exports eEF1A via tRNA from nuclei and synergizes with other transport pathways to confine translation to the cytoplasm. EMBO J.21, 6205–6215 (2002). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Calado, A., Treichel, N., Muller, E. C., Otto, A. & Kutay, U. Exportin-5-mediated nuclear export of eukaryotic elongation factor 1A and tRNA. EMBO J.21, 6216–6224 (2002). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Lim, L. P. et al. The microRNAs of Caenorhabditis elegans. Genes Dev.2, 991–1008 (2003). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Gwizdek, C. et al. Exportin-5 mediates nuclear export of minihelix-containing RNAs. J. Biol. Chem.278, 5505–5508 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Basyuk, E., Suavet, F., Doglio, A., Bordonne, R. & Bertrand, E. Human let-7 stem-loop precursors harbor features of RNase III cleavage products. Nucleic Acids Res.31, 6593–6597 (2003). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Zeng, Y. & Cullen, B. R. Structural requirements for pre-microRNA binding and nuclear export by Exportin 5. Nucleic Acids Res.32, 4776–4785 (2004). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Bernstein, E., Caudy, A. A., Hammond, S. M. & Hannon, G. J. Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference. Nature409, 363–366 (2001). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Grishok, A. et al. Genes and mechanisms related to RNA interference regulate expression of the small temporal RNAs that control C. elegans developmental timing. Cell106, 23–34 (2001). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hutvagner, G. et al. A cellular function for the RNA-interference enzyme Dicer in the maturation of the let-7 small temporal RNA. Science293, 834–838 (2001). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Ketting, R. F. et al. Dicer functions in RNA interference and in synthesis of small RNA involved in developmental timing in C. elegans. Genes Dev.15, 2654–2659 (2001). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Knight, S. W. & Bass, B. L. A role for the RNase III enzyme DCR-1 in RNA interference and germ line development in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science293, 2269–2271 (2001). References 58–62 reveal the key role of Dicer in small-RNA pathways. ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Hammond, S. M., Bernstein, E., Beach, D. & Hannon, G. J. An RNA-directed nuclease mediates post-transcriptional gene silencing in Drosophila cells. Nature404, 293–296 (2000). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lee, Y. S. et al. Distinct roles for Drosophila Dicer-1 and Dicer-2 in the siRNA/miRNA silencing pathways. Cell117, 69–81 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Ma, J. B., Ye, K. & Patel, D. J. Structural basis for overhang-specific small interfering RNA recognition by the PAZ domain. Nature429, 318–322 (2004). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Lingel, A., Simon, B., Izaurralde, E. & Sattler, M. Nucleic acid 3'-end recognition by the Argonaute2 PAZ domain. Nature Struct. Mol. Biol.11, 576–577 (2004). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Song, J. J. et al. The crystal structure of the Argonaute2 PAZ domain reveals an RNA binding motif in RNAi effector complexes. Nature Struct. Biol.10, 1026–1032 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Yan, K. S. et al. Structure and conserved RNA binding of the PAZ domain. Nature426, 468–474 (2003). ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Tabara, H., Yigit, E., Siomi, H. & Mello, C. C. The dsRNA binding protein RDE-4 interacts with RDE-1, DCR-1, and a DExH-box helicase to direct RNAi in C. elegans. Cell109, 861–871 (2002). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Liu, Q. et al. R2D2, a bridge between the initiation and effector steps of the Drosophila RNAi pathway. Science301, 1921–1925 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Ishizuka, A., Siomi, M. C. & Siomi, H. A Drosophila fragile X protein interacts with components of RNAi and ribosomal proteins. Genes Dev.16, 2497–2508 (2002). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Caudy, A. A., Myers, M., Hannon, G. J. & Hammond, S. M. Fragile X-related protein and VIG associate with the RNA interference machinery. Genes Dev.16, 2491–2496 (2002). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Jin, P. et al. Biochemical and genetic interaction between the fragile X mental retardation protein and the microRNA pathway. Nature Neurosci.7, 113–117 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hammond, S. M., Boettcher, S., Caudy, A. A., Kobayashi, R. & Hannon, G. J. Argonaute2, a link between genetic and biochemical analyses of RNAi. Science293, 1146–1150 (2001). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Carmell, M. A., Xuan, Z., Zhang, M. Q. & Hannon, G. J. The Argonaute family: tentacles that reach into RNAi, developmental control, stem cell maintenance, and tumorigenesis. Genes Dev.16, 2733–2742 (2002). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Zhang, H., Kolb, F. A., Brondani, V., Billy, E. & Filipowicz, W. Human Dicer preferentially cleaves dsRNAs at their termini without a requirement for ATP. EMBO J.21, 5875–5885 (2002). This paper presents a new model for the mechanism of action for RNase III proteins. ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Zhang, H., Kolb, F. A., Jaskiewicz, L., Westhof, E. & Filipowicz, W. Single processing center models for human Dicer and bacterial RNase III. Cell118, 57–68 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Song, J. J., Smith, S. K., Hannon, G. J. & Joshua-Tor, L. Crystal structure of Argonaute and its implications for RISC slicer activity. Science305, 1434–1437 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Liu, J. et al. Argonaute2 is the catalytic engine of mammalian RNAi. Science305, 1437–1441 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Meister, G. et al. Human Argonaute2 mediates RNA cleavage targeted by miRNAs and siRNAs. Mol. Cell15, 185–197 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Schwarz, D. S. et al. Asymmetry in the assembly of the RNAi enzyme complex. Cell115, 199–208 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Khvorova, A., Reynolds, A. & Jayasena, S. D. Functional siRNAs and miRNAs exhibit strand bias. Cell115, 209–216 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Tomari, Y., Matranga, C., Haley, B., Martinez, N. & Zamore, P. D. A protein sensor for siRNA asymmetry. Science306, 1377–1380 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Park, W. et al. CARPEL FACTORY, a Dicer homolog, and HEN1, a novel protein, act in microRNA metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Curr. Biol.12, 1484–1495 (2002). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Papp, I. et al. Evidence for nuclear processing of plant micro RNA and short interfering RNA precursors. Plant Physiol.132, 1382–1390 (2003). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Kurihara, Y. & Watanabe, Y. Arabidopsis micro-RNA biogenesis through Dicer-like 1 protein functions. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA101, 12753–12758 (2004). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Bollman, K. M. et al. HASTY, the Arabidopsis ortholog of exportin 5/MSN5, regulates phase change and morphogenesis. Development130, 1493–1504 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Telfer, A. & Poethig, R. S. HASTY: a gene that regulates the timing of shoot maturation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Development125, 1889–1898 (1998). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Vazquez, F., Gasciolli, V., Crete, P. & Vaucheret, H. The nuclear dsRNA binding protein HYL1 is required for microRNA accumulation and plant development, but not posttranscriptional transgene silencing. Curr. Biol.14, 346–351 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Han, M. H., Goud, S., Song, L. & Fedoroff, N. The Arabidopsis double-stranded RNA-binding protein HYL1 plays a role in microRNA-mediated gene regulation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA101, 1093–1098 (2004). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Boutet, S. et al. Arabidopsis HEN1. A genetic link between endogenous miRNA controlling development and siRNA controlling transgene silencing and virus resistance. Curr. Biol.13, 843–848 (2003). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Ambros, V., Lee, R. C., Lavanway, A., Williams, P. T. & Jewell, D. MicroRNAs and other tiny endogenous RNAs in C. elegans. Curr. Biol.13, 807–818 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hannon, G. J. & Rossi, J. J. Unlocking the potential of the human genome with RNA interference. Nature431, 371–378 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Yi, R., Doehle, B. P., Qin, Y., Macara, I. G. & Cullen, B. R. Overexpression of exportin 5 enhances RNA interference mediated by short hairpin RNAs and microRNAs. RNA11, 220–226 (2005). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Zeng, Y., Cai, X. & Cullen, B. R. Use of RNA polymerase II to transcribe artificial microRNAs. Methods Enzymol.392, 371–380 (2005). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Wightman, B., Ha, I. & Ruvkun, G. Posttranscriptional regulation of the heterochronic gene lin-14 by lin-4 mediates temporal pattern formation in C. elegans. Cell75, 855–862 (1993). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Reinhart, B. J. et al. The 21-nucleotide let-7 RNA regulates developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature403, 901–906 (2000). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Chang, S., Johnston, R. J., Jr., Frokjaer-Jensen, C., Lockery, S. & Hobert, O. MicroRNAs act sequentially and asymmetrically to control chemosensory laterality in the nematode. Nature430, 785–789 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Johnston, R. J. & Hobert, O. A microRNA controlling left/right neuronal asymmetry in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature426, 845–849 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Chen, C. Z., Li, L., Lodish, H. F. & Bartel, D. P. MicroRNAs modulate hematopoietic lineage differentiation. Science303, 83–86 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Yekta, S., Shih, I. H. & Bartel, D. P. MicroRNA-directed cleavage of HOXB8 mRNA. Science304, 594–596 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Xu, P., Vernooy, S. Y., Guo, M. & Hay, B. A. The Drosophila microRNA Mir-14 suppresses cell death and is required for normal fat metabolism. Curr. Biol.13, 790–795 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Esau, C. et al. MicroRNA-143 regulates adipocyte differentiation. J. Biol. Chem.279, 52361–52365 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Vazquez, F. et al. Endogenous _trans_-acting siRNAs regulate the accumulation of Arabidopsis mRNAs. Mol. Cell16, 69–79 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Peragine, A., Yoshikawa, M., Wu, G., Albrecht, H. L. & Poethig, R. S. SGS3 and SGS2/SDE1/RDR6 are required for juvenile development and the production of _trans_-acting siRNAs in Arabidopsis. Genes Dev.18, 2368–2379 (2004). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Hamilton, A., Voinnet, O., Chappell, L. & Baulcombe, D. Two classes of short interfering RNA in RNA silencing. EMBO J.21, 4671–4679 (2002). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Llave, C., Kasschau, K. D., Rector, M. A. & Carrington, J. C. Endogenous and silencing-associated small RNAs in plants. Plant Cell14, 1605–1619 (2002). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Mette, M. F., van der Winden, J., Matzke, M. & Matzke, A. J. Short RNAs can identify new candidate transposable element families in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol.130, 6–9 (2002). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Djikeng, A., Shi, H., Tschudi, C. & Ullu, E. RNA interference in Trypanosoma brucei: cloning of small interfering RNAs provides evidence for retroposon-derived 24–26-nucleotide RNAs. RNA7, 1522–1530 (2001). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Aravin, A. A. et al. Double-stranded RNA-mediated silencing of genomic tandem repeats and transposable elements in the D. melanogaster germline. Curr. Biol.11, 1017–1027 (2001). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Aravin, A. A. et al. Dissection of a natural RNA silencing process in the Drosophila melanogaster germ line. Mol. Cell. Biol.24, 6742–6750 (2004). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Pal-Bhadra, M., Bhadra, U. & Birchler, J. A. RNAi related mechanisms affect both transcriptional and posttranscriptional transgene silencing in Drosophila. Mol. Cell9, 315–327 (2002). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hall, I. M. et al. Establishment and maintenance of a heterochromatin domain. Science297, 2232–2237 (2002). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Reinhart, B. J. & Bartel, D. P. Small RNAs correspond to centromere heterochromatic repeats. Science297, 1831 (2002). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Volpe, T. A. et al. Regulation of heterochromatic silencing and histone H3 lysine-9 methylation by RNAi. Science297, 1833–1837 (2002). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Zilberman, D., Cao, X. & Jacobsen, S. E. ARGONAUTE4 control of locus-specific siRNA accumulation and DNA and histone methylation. Science299, 716–719 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Mochizuki, K., Fine, N. A., Fujisawa, T. & Gorovsky, M. A. Analysis of a piwi-related gene implicates small RNAs in genome rearrangement in tetrahymena. Cell110, 689–699 (2002). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Liu, Y., Mochizuki, K. & Gorovsky, M. A. Histone H3 lysine 9 methylation is required for DNA elimination in developing macronuclei in Tetrahymena. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA101, 1679–1684 (2004). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Taverna, S. D., Coyne, R. S. & Allis, C. D. Methylation of histone h3 at lysine 9 targets programmed DNA elimination in tetrahymena. Cell110, 701–711 (2002). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Kuwabara, T., Hsieh, J., Nakashima, K., Taira, K. & Gage, F. H. A small modulatory dsRNA specifies the fate of adult neural stem cells. Cell116, 779–793 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Calin, G. A. et al. Frequent deletions and down-regulation of micro-RNA genes miR15 and miR16 at 13q14 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA99, 15524–15529 (2002). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Blaszczyk, J. et al. Crystallographic and modeling studies of RNase III suggest a mechanism for double-stranded RNA cleavage. Structure (Camb.)9, 1225–1236 (2001). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Poy, M. N. et al. A pancreatic islet-specific microRNA regulates insulin secretion. Nature432, 226–230 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar