Disruption of chromatin folding domains by somatic genomic rearrangements in human cancer (original) (raw)

Data availability

Aligned sequencing data, as well as somatic and germline variant calls from PCAWG tumors, including SNVs, indels, copy number alterations and SVs, are available for download at https://dcc.icgc.org/releases/PCAWG. Additional information on accessing the data, including raw read files, can be found at https://docs.icgc.org/pcawg/data/. In accordance with the data-access policies of the ICGC and TCGA projects, most molecular, clinical and specimen data are in an open tier that does not require access approval. To access potentially identifying information, such as germline alleles and underlying sequencing data, researchers will need to apply to the TCGA Data Access Committee (DAC) via dbGaP (https://dbgap.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/aa/wga.cgi?page=login) for access to the TCGA portion of the dataset, and to the ICGC Data Access Compliance Office (DACO; http://icgc.org/daco) for the ICGC portion. In addition, to access somatic SNVs derived from TCGA donors, researchers will also need to obtain dbGaP authorization.

We obtained the consensus SV calls and annotations of each variation (deletions, inversions, duplications and complex rearrangements), which can be found at Synapse (https://www.synapse.org/) with accession number syn7596712.

Hi-C data have been deposited at GEO under accession code GSE116694.

Code availability

The core computational pipelines used by the PCAWG Consortium for alignment, quality control and variant calling are available to the public at https://dockstore.org/search?search=pcawg under a GNU General Public License v.3.0, which allows for reuse and distribution.

Change history

• 21 March 2023

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-023-01318-w

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Acknowledgements

We thank the patients and their families for contributing to this study, S. Dent, Z. Coban Akdemir, E. Z. Keung, T. Gutschner, D. Spring, J. Korbel and J. Stuart for reading the manuscript, F. Scott, S. Amin, S. Seth, F. Barthel, T. Mang, X. Song and J. Zhang for discussions, all ICGC subgroup participants for generating readily accessible mutation calls and uniformly analyzed gene-expression datasets. This work was supported by a Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas award (R1205), the Welch Foundation’s Robert A. Welch Distinguished Chair Award (G-0040 to P.A.F.) and the Emerson Collective Cancer Research Fund (to K.C.A.). J.R.D. is supported by an NIH Director’s Early Independence Award (DP5OD023071). We acknowledge the contributions of the many clinical networks across ICGC and TCGA who provided samples and data to the PCAWG Consortium, and the contributions of the Technical Working Group and the Germline Working Group of the PCAWG Consortium for collation, realignment and harmonized variant calling of the cancer genomes used in this study. We thank the patients and their families for their participation in the individual ICGC and TCGA projects.

Author information

Author notes

1. A list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper.
2. A list of authors and their affiliations appears online.

Authors and Affiliations

1. Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
   Kadir C. Akdemir, P. Andrew Futreal & Kadir C. Akdemir
2. Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
   Victoria T. Le, Sahaana Chandran & Jesse R. Dixon
3. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
   Yilong Li, Peter J. Campbell, Peter J. Campbell, Young Seok Ju, Yilong Li, Iñigo Martincorena, Nicola D. Roberts & Jorge Zamora
4. Division of Computational Biology, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
   Roel G. Verhaak
5. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
   Rameen Beroukhim
6. Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
   Rameen Beroukhim
7. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
   Rameen Beroukhim, Andrew J. Dunford, Kiran Kumar, Matthew Meyerson, Steven E. Schumacher, Chip Stewart, Jeremiah A. Wala & Cheng-Zhong Zhang
8. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
   Rameen Beroukhim, Matthew Meyerson, Jeremiah A. Wala & Cheng-Zhong Zhang
9. Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
   Peter J. Campbell & Peter J. Campbell
10. Institute for Health Transformation University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
    Lynda Chin
11. Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
    Eva G. Alvarez, Bernardo Rodriguez-Martin, Jose M. C. Tubio & Jorge Zamora
12. Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
    Eva G. Alvarez, Bernardo Rodriguez-Martin, Jose M. C. Tubio & Jorge Zamora
13. The Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
    Eva G. Alvarez, Bernardo Rodriguez-Martin, Jose M. C. Tubio & Jorge Zamora
14. Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
    Adrian Baez-Ortega & Julian M. Hess
15. Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Paul C. Boutros
16. Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Paul C. Boutros
17. Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Paul C. Boutros
18. University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
    Paul C. Boutros
19. Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
    David D. L. Bowtell, Dariush Etemadmoghadam & Dale W. Garsed
20. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
    David D. L. Bowtell
21. Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
    Benedikt Brors, Lars Feuerbach & Lina Sieverling
22. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
    Benedikt Brors
23. National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
    Benedikt Brors & Barbara Hutter
24. Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Kathleen H. Burns
25. Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    Kin Chan
26. University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
    Ken Chen
27. Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
    Isidro Cortés-Ciriano
28. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
    Isidro Cortés-Ciriano, Jake June-Koo Lee & Peter J. Park
29. Ludwig Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
    Isidro Cortés-Ciriano
30. Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
    Ana Dueso-Barroso, J. Lynn Fink, Montserrat Puiggròs, David Torrents & Izar Villasante
31. Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
    Paul A. Edwards, Andy G. Lynch, Geoff Macintyre & Florian Markowetz
32. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
    Paul A. Edwards, Andy G. Lynch & Florian Markowetz
33. Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
    Xavier Estivill
34. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
    Dariush Etemadmoghadam, Dale W. Garsed & Mark Shackleton
35. Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
    J. Lynn Fink
36. The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
    Milana Frenkel-Morgenstern
37. Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
    Mark Gerstein
38. Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
    Mark Gerstein
39. Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
    Mark Gerstein & Fabio C. P. Navarro
40. Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
    Mark Gerstein
41. Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, USA
    Dmitry A. Gordenin
42. Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
    David Haan
43. Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
    James E. Haber
44. Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, MA, USA
    Julian M. Hess
45. Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
    Barbara Hutter
46. New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
    Marcin Imielinski & Xiaotong Yao
47. Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
    Marcin Imielinski
48. Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
    David T. W. Jones
49. Pediatric Glioma Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
    David T. W. Jones
50. Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
    Young Seok Ju
51. Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
    Marat D. Kazanov
52. A. A. Kharkevich Institute of Information Transmission Problems, Moscow, Russia
    Marat D. Kazanov
53. Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
    Marat D. Kazanov
54. Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, USA
    Leszek J. Klimczak
55. Center For Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
    Youngil Koh
56. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
    Youngil Koh & Sung-Soo Yoon
57. European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
    Jan O. Korbel
58. Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
    Jan O. Korbel & Joachim Weischenfeldt
59. Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
    Eunjung Alice Lee
60. Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
    Jake June-Koo Lee & Peter J. Park
61. School of Medicine/School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
    Andy G. Lynch
62. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
    Alexander Martinez-Fundichely
63. Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
    Alexander Martinez-Fundichely
64. Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
    Alexander Martinez-Fundichely
65. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
    Matthew Meyerson, Jeremiah A. Wala & Cheng-Zhong Zhang
66. Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
    Matthew Meyerson
67. Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
    Matthew Meyerson
68. The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
    Satoru Miyano
69. RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
    Hidewaki Nakagawa
70. Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
    Stephan Ossowski
71. Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
    Stephan Ossowski
72. Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
    Stephan Ossowski
73. Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
    John V. Pearson & Nicola Waddell
74. Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
    John V. Pearson & Nicola Waddell
75. German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
    Karsten Rippe
76. School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
    Steven A. Roberts
77. Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
    Steven E. Schumacher
78. Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
    Ralph Scully
79. Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
    Mark Shackleton
80. Finsen Laboratory and Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
    Nikos Sidiropoulos & Joachim Weischenfeldt
81. Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
    Lina Sieverling
82. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
    David Torrents
83. Department of Urology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
    Joachim Weischenfeldt
84. Ben May Department for Cancer Research, Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
    Lixing Yang
85. Tri-institutional PhD program of Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
    Xiaotong Yao
86. Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
    Lauri A. Aaltonen
87. Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
    Federico Abascal, David J. Adams, Ludmil B. Alexandrov, Sam Behjati, Shriram G. Bhosle, David T. Bowen, Adam P. Butler, Peter J. Campbell, Peter Clapham, Helen Davies, Kevin J. Dawson, Stefan C. Dentro, Serge Serge, Erik Garrison, Mohammed Ghori, Dominik Glodzik, Jonathan Hinton, David R. Jones, Young Seok Ju, Stian Knappskog, Barbara Kremeyer, Henry Lee-Six, Daniel A. Leongamornlert, Yilong Li, Sancha Martin, Iñigo Martincorena, Ultan McDermott, Andrew Menzies, Thomas J. Mitchell, Sandro Morganella, Jyoti Nangalia, Jonathan Nicholson, Serena Nik-Zainal, Sarah O’Meara, Elli Papaemmanuil, Keiran M. Raine, Manasa Ramakrishna, Kamna Ramakrishnan, Nicola D. Roberts, Rebecca Shepherd, Lucy Stebbings, Michael R. Stratton, Maxime Tarabichi, Jon W. Teague, Ignacio Vázquez-García, David C. Wedge, Lucy Yates, Jorge Zamora & Xueqing Zou
88. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
    Adam Abeshouse, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Gunes Gundem, Zachary Heins, Jason Huse, Douglas A. Levine, Eric Minwei Liu & Angelica Ochoa
89. Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
    Hiroyuki Aburatani, Genta Nagae, Akihiro Suzuki, Kenji Tatsuno & Shogo Yamamoto
90. Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
    Nishant Agrawal
91. Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
    Keun Soo Ahn & Koo Jeong Kang
92. Department of Oncology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
    Sung-Min Ahn
93. Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
    Hiroshi Aikata, Koji Arihiro, Kazuaki Chayama, Yoshiiku Kawakami & Hideki Ohdan
94. Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
    Rehan Akbani, Shaolong Cao, Yiwen Chen, Zechen Chong, Yu Fan, Jun Li, Han Liang, Wenyi Wang, Yumeng Wang & Yuan Yuan
95. University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
    Kadir C. Akdemir & Ken Chen
96. King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Al Maather, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
    Sultan T. Al-Sedairy
97. Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
    Fatima Al-Shahrour & Elena Piñeiro-Yáñez
98. Bioinformatics Core Facility, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
    Malik Alawi
99. Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
    Malik Alawi & Adam Grundhoff
100. Ontario Tumour Bank, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Monique Albert & John Bartlett
101. Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
     Kenneth Aldape, Russell R. Broaddus, Bogdan Czerniak, Adel El-Naggar, Savitri Krishnamurthy, Alexander J. Lazar & Xiaoping Su
102. Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
     Kenneth Aldape
103. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
     Ludmil B. Alexandrov & Erik N. Bergstrom
104. UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA
     Ludmil B. Alexandrov, Erik N. Bergstrom & Olivier Harismendy
105. Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
     Adrian Ally, Miruna Balasundaram, Reanne Bowlby, Denise Brooks, Rebecca Carlsen, Eric Chuah, Noreen Dhalla, Robert A. Holt, Steven J. M. Jones, Katayoon Kasaian, Darlene Lee, Haiyan Irene Li, Yussanne Ma, Marco A. Marra, Michael Mayo, Richard A. Moore, Andrew J. Mungall, Karen Mungall, A. Gordon Robertson, Sara Sadeghi, Jacqueline E. Schein, Payal Sipahimalani, Angela Tam, Nina Thiessen & Tina Wong
106. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
     Kathryn Alsop, David D. L. Bowtell, Elizabeth L. Christie, Dariush Etemadmoghadam, Sian Fereday, Dale W. Garsed, Linda Mileshkin, Chris Mitchell, Mark Shackleton, Heather Thorne & Nadia Traficante
107. Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
     Eva G. Alvarez, Alicia L. Bruzos, Bernardo Rodriguez-Martin, Javier Temes, Jose M. C. Tubio & Jorge Zamora
108. Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
     Eva G. Alvarez, Alicia L. Bruzos, Bernardo Rodriguez-Martin, Javier Temes, Jose M. C. Tubio & Jorge Zamora
109. The Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
     Eva G. Alvarez, Alicia L. Bruzos, Bernardo Rodriguez-Martin, Marta Tojo, Jose M. C. Tubio & Jorge Zamora
110. Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital - Bolsover, London, UK
     Fernanda Amary
111. Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
     Samirkumar B. Amin, P. Andrew Futreal & Alexander J. Lazar
112. Quantitative and Computational Biosciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
     Samirkumar B. Amin, Han Liang & Yumeng Wang
113. The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
     Samirkumar B. Amin, Joshy George & Lucas Lochovsky
114. Genome Informatics Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Brice Aminou, Niall J. Byrne, Aurélien Chateigner, Nodirjon Fayzullaev, Vincent Ferretti, George L. Mihaiescu, Hardeep K. Nahal-Bose, Brian D. O’Connor, B. F. Francis Ouellette, Marc D. Perry, Kevin Thai, Qian Xiang, Christina K. Yung & Junjun Zhang
115. Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
     Ole Ammerpohl, Andrea Haake, Cristina López, Julia Richter & Rabea Wagener
116. Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
     Ole Ammerpohl, Sietse Aukema, Cristina López, Reiner Siebert & Rabea Wagener
117. Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
     Matthew J. Anderson, Timothy J. C. Bruxner, Angelika N. Christ, J. Lynn Fink, Ivon Harliwong, Karin S. Kassahn, David K. Miller, Alan J. Robertson & Darrin F. Taylor
118. Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
     Yeng Ang, Hsiao-Wei Chen, Ritika Kundra & Francisco Sanchez-Vega
119. Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
     Davide Antonello, Claudio Bassi, Narong Khuntikeo, Luca Landoni, Giuseppe Malleo, Giovanni Marchegiani, Neil D. Merrett, Marco Miotto, Salvatore Paiella, Antonio Pea, Paolo Pederzoli, Roberto Salvia, Jaswinder S. Samra, Elisabetta Sereni & Samuel Singer
120. Molecular and Medical Genetics, OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
     Pavana Anur, Myron Peto & Paul T. Spellman
121. Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
     Samuel Aparicio
122. The McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
     Elizabeth L. Appelbaum, Matthew H. Bailey, Matthew G. Cordes, Li Ding, Catrina C. Fronick, Lucinda A. Fulton, Robert S. Fulton, Kuan-lin Huang, Reyka Jayasinghe, Elaine R. Mardis, R. Jay Mashl, Michael D. McLellan, Christopher A. Miller, Heather K. Schmidt, Jiayin Wang, Michael C. Wendl, Richard K. Wilson & Tina Wong
123. University College London, London, UK
     Elizabeth L. Appelbaum, Jonathan D. Kay, Helena Kilpinen, Laurence B. Lovat, Hayley J. Luxton & Hayley C. Whitaker
124. Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
     Yasuhito Arai, Natsuko Hama, Fumie Hosoda, Hiromi Nakamura, Tatsuhiro Shibata, Yasushi Totoki & Shinichi Yachida
125. DLR Project Management Agency, Bonn, Germany
     Axel Aretz
126. Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
     Shun-ichi Ariizumi & Masakazu Yamamoto
127. Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
     Joshua Armenia, Hsiao-Wei Chen, Jianjiong Gao, Ritika Kundra, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Nikolaus Schultz & Hongxin Zhang
128. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
     Laurent Arnould
129. Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Sylvia Asa, Michael H. A. Roehrl & Theodorus Van der Kwast
130. Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
     Sylvia Asa, Simon L. Parsons & Ming Tsao
131. Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
     Yassen Assenov
132. Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Gurnit Atwal, Philip Awadalla, Jonathan Barenboim, Vinayak Bhandari, Ivan Borozan, Paul C. Boutros, Lewis Jonathan Dursi, Shadrielle M. G. Espiritu, Natalie S. Fox, Michael Fraser, Syed Haider, Vincent Huang, Keren Isaev, Wei Jiao, Christopher M. Lalansingh, Emilie Lalonde, Fabien C. Lamaze, Constance H. Li, Julie Livingstone, Christine P’ng, Marta Paczkowska, Stephenie D. Prokopec, Jüri Reimand, Veronica Y. Sabelnykova, Adriana Salcedo, Yu-Jia Shiah, Solomon I. Shorser, Shimin Shuai, Jared T. Simpson, Lincoln D. Stein, Ren X. Sun, Lina Wadi, Gavin W. Wilson, Adam J. Wright, Takafumi N. Yamaguchi, Fouad Yousif & Denis Yuen
133. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Gurnit Atwal, Philip Awadalla, Gary D. Bader, Shimin Shuai & Lincoln D. Stein
134. Vector Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Gurnit Atwal, Quaid D. Morris, Yulia Rubanova & Jeffrey A. Wintersinger
135. Hematopathology Section, Institute of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
     Sietse Aukema, Wolfram Klapper, Julia Richter & Monika Szczepanowski
136. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
     J. Todd Auman & Charles M. Perou
137. Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
     Miriam R. R. Aure, Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale & Anita Langerød
138. Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
     Marta Aymerich
139. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Transmissible Cancer Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
     Adrian Baez-Ortega
140. Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
     Matthew H. Bailey, Li Ding, Robert S. Fulton, Ramaswamy Govindan & Michael D. McLellan
141. Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
     Peter J. Bailey, Andrew V. Biankin, David K. Chang, Susanna L. Cooke, Fraser R. Duthie, Janet S. Graham, Nigel B. Jamieson, Elizabeth A. Musgrove & Derek W. Wright
142. Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
     Saianand Balu, Tom Bodenheimer, D. Neil Hayes, Austin J. Hepperla, Katherine A. Hoadley, Alan P. Hoyle, Stuart R. Jefferys, Shaowu Meng, Lisle E. Mose, Grant Sanders, Yan Shi, Janae V. Simons & Matthew G. Soloway
143. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
     Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Rameen Beroukhim, Angela N. Brooks, Susan Bullman, John Busanovich, Andrew D. Cherniack, Juok Cho, Carrie Cibulskis, Kristian Cibulskis, David Craft, Timothy Defreitas, Andrew J. Dunford, Scott Frazer, Stacey B. Gabriel, Nils Gehlenborg, Gad Getz, Manaswi Gupta, Gavin Ha, Nicholas J. Haradhvala, David I. Heiman, Julian M. Hess, Manolis Kellis, Jaegil Kim, Kiran Kumar, Kirsten Kübler, Eric Lander, Michael S. Lawrence, Ignaty Leshchiner, Pei Lin, Ziao Lin, Dimitri Livitz, Yosef E. Maruvka, Samuel R. Meier, Matthew Meyerson, Michael S. Noble, Chandra Sekhar Pedamallu, Paz Polak, Esther Rheinbay, Daniel Rosebrock, Mara Rosenberg, Gordon Saksena, Richard Sallari, Steven E. Schumacher, Ayellet V. Segre, Ofer Shapira, Juliann Shih, Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong, Oliver Spiro, Chip Stewart, Amaro Taylor-Weiner, Grace Tiao, Douglas Voet, Jeremiah A. Wala, Cheng-Zhong Zhang & Hailei Zhang
144. Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
     Pratiti Bandopadhayay
145. Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
     Pratiti Bandopadhayay
146. Leeds Institute of Medical Research @ St. James’s, University of Leeds, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK
     Rosamonde E. Banks & Naveen Vasudev
147. Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
     Stefano Barbi, Vincenzo Corbo & Michele Simbolo
148. Department of Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
     Andrew P. Barbour
149. Surgical Oncology Group, Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
     Andrew P. Barbour
150. Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
     Jill Barnholtz-Sloan
151. Research Health Analytics and Informatics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
     Jill Barnholtz-Sloan
152. Gloucester Royal Hospital, Gloucester, UK
     Hugh Barr
153. European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
     Elisabet Barrera, Wojciech Bazant, Ewan Birney, Rich Boyce, Alvis Brazma, Andy Cafferkey, Claudia Calabrese, Paul Flicek, Nuno A. Fonseca, Anja Füllgrabe, Moritz Gerstung, Santiago Gonzalez, Liliana Greger, Maria Keays, Jan O. Korbel, Alfonso Muñoz, Steven J. Newhouse, David Ocana, Irene Papatheodorou, Robert Petryszak, Roland F. Schwarz, Charles Short, Oliver Stegle & Lara Urban
154. Diagnostic Development, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
     John Bartlett & Ilinca Lungu
155. Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
     Javier Bartolome, Mattia Bosio, Ana Dueso-Barroso, J. Lynn Fink, Josep L. L. Gelpi, Ana Milovanovic, Montserrat Puiggròs, Javier Bartolomé Rodriguez, Romina Royo, David Torrents, Alfonso Valencia, Miguel Vazquez, David Vicente & Izar Villasante
156. Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
     Oliver F. Bathe
157. Departments of Surgery and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
     Oliver F. Bathe
158. Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
     Daniel Baumhoer & Bodil Bjerkehagen
159. PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Prashant Bavi, Michelle Chan-Seng-Yue, Sean Cleary, Robert E. Denroche, Steven Gallinger, Robert C. Grant, Gun Ho Jang, Sangeetha Kalimuthu, Ilinca Lungu, John D. McPherson, Faiyaz Notta, Michael H. A. Roehrl, Gavin W. Wilson & Julie M. Wilson
160. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
     Stephen B. Baylin, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Leslie Cope, Ludmila Danilova & Ralph H. Hruban
161. University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
     Stephen B. Baylin & Tim Dudderidge
162. Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
     Duncan Beardsmore & Christopher Umbricht
163. Genome Sequence Informatics, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Timothy A. Beck, Bob Gibson, Lawrence E. Heisler, Xuemei Luo & Morgan L. Taschuk
164. Human Longevity Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
     Timothy A. Beck
165. Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
     Andreas Behren & Jonathan Cebon
166. Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
     Beifang Niu
167. Genome Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
     Cindy Bell
168. CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
     Sergi Beltran, Ivo G. Gut, Marta Gut, Simon C. Heath, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Arcadi Navarro, Miranda D. Stobbe, Jean-Rémi Trotta & Justin P. Whalley
169. Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
     Sergi Beltran, Mattia Bosio, German M. Demidov, Oliver Drechsel, Ivo G. Gut, Marta Gut, Simon C. Heath, Francesc Muyas, Stephan Ossowski, Aparna Prasad, Raquel Rabionet, Miranda D. Stobbe & Hana Susak
170. Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
     Christopher Benz & Christina Yau
171. Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
     Andrew Berchuck
172. Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
     Anke K. Bergmann
173. Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
     Benjamin P. Berman & Huy Q. Dinh
174. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
     Benjamin P. Berman
175. The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
     Benjamin P. Berman
176. Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
     Daniel M. Berney & Yong-Jie Lu
177. Department of Computer Science, Bioinformatics Group, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
     Stephan H. Bernhart, Hans Binder, Steve Hoffmann & Peter F. Stadler
178. Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
     Stephan H. Bernhart, Hans Binder, Steve Hoffmann, Helene Kretzmer & Peter F. Stadler
179. Transcriptome Bioinformatics, LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
     Stephan H. Bernhart, Steve Hoffmann, Helene Kretzmer & Peter F. Stadler
180. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
     Rameen Beroukhim, Angela N. Brooks, Susan Bullman, Andrew D. Cherniack, Levi Garraway, Matthew Meyerson, Chandra Sekhar Pedamallu, Steven E. Schumacher, Juliann Shih & Jeremiah A. Wala
181. Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
     Rameen Beroukhim, Aquila Fatima, Andrea L. Richardson, Steven E. Schumacher, Ofer Shapira, Andrew Tutt & Jeremiah A. Wala
182. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
     Rameen Beroukhim, Gad Getz, Kirsten Kübler, Matthew Meyerson, Chandra Sekhar Pedamallu, Paz Polak, Esther Rheinbay & Jeremiah A. Wala
183. USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
     Mario Berrios, Moiz S. Bootwalla, Andrea Holbrook, Phillip H. Lai, Dennis T. Maglinte, David J. Van Den Berg & Daniel J. Weisenberger
184. Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
     Samantha Bersani, Ivana Cataldo, Claudio Luchini & Maria Scardoni
185. Department of Mathematics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
     Johanna Bertl & Asger Hobolth
186. Department of Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
     Johanna Bertl, Henrik Hornshøj, Malene Juul, Randi Istrup Juul, Tobias Madsen, Morten Muhlig Nielsen & Jakob Skou Pedersen
187. Instituto Carlos Slim de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
     Miguel Betancourt
188. Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Vinayak Bhandari, Paul C. Boutros, Robert G. Bristow, Keren Isaev, Constance H. Li, Jüri Reimand, Michael H. A. Roehrl & Bradly G. Wouters
189. Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Kinghorn Cancer Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, Australia
     Andrew V. Biankin, David K. Chang, Lorraine A. Chantrill, Angela Chou, Anthony J. Gill, Amber L. Johns, James G. Kench, David K. Miller, Adnan M. Nagrial, Marina Pajic, Mark Pinese, Ilse Rooman, Christopher J. Scarlett, Christopher W. Toon & Jianmin Wu
190. South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Liverpool, NSW, Australia
     Andrew V. Biankin
191. West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
     Andrew V. Biankin & Nigel B. Jamieson
192. Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health and Charitè - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
     Matthias Bieg
193. Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
     Matthias Bieg, Ivo Buchhalter, Barbara Hutter & Nagarajan Paramasivam
194. The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
     Darell Bigner
195. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
     Michael Birrer, Vikram Deshpande, William C. Faquin, Nicholas J. Haradhvala, Kirsten Kübler, Michael S. Lawrence, David N. Louis, Yosef E. Maruvka, G. Petur Nielsen, Esther Rheinbay, Mara Rosenberg, Dennis C. Sgroi & Chin-Lee Wu
196. National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
     Nidhan K. Biswas, Arindam Maitra & Partha P. Majumder
197. Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
     Bodil Bjerkehagen
198. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
     Lori Boice, Mei Huang, Sonia Puig & Leigh B. Thorne
199. ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
     Giada Bonizzato, Cinzia Cantù, Ivana Cataldo, Vincenzo Corbo, Sonia Grimaldi, Rita T. Lawlor, Andrea Mafficini, Borislav C. Rusev, Aldo Scarpa, Katarzyna O. Sikora, Nicola Sperandio, Alain Viari & Caterina Vicentini
200. The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
     Johann S. De Bono, Niedzica Camacho, Colin S. Cooper, Sandra E. Edwards, Rosalind A. Eeles, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Daniel A. Leongamornlert, Lucy Matthews & Sue Merson
201. Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
     Arnoud Boot, Ioana Cutcutache, Mi Ni Huang, John R. McPherson, Steven G. Rozen & Yang Wu
202. Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
     Arnoud Boot, Ioana Cutcutache, Mi Ni Huang, John R. McPherson, Steven G. Rozen, Patrick Tan, Bin Tean Teh & Yang Wu
203. Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
     Ake Borg, Markus Ringnér & Johan Staaf
204. Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
     Arndt Borkhardt & Jessica I. Hoell
205. Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
     Keith A. Boroevich, Todd A. Johnson, Michael S. Lawrence & Tatsuhiko Tsunoda
206. RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
     Keith A. Boroevich, Akihiro Fujimoto, Masashi Fujita, Mayuko Furuta, Kazuhiro Maejima, Hidewaki Nakagawa, Kaoru Nakano & Aya Sasaki-Oku
207. Department of Internal Medicine/Hematology, Friedrich-Ebert-Hospital, Neumünster, Germany
     Christoph Borst & Siegfried Haas
208. Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
     Marcus Bosenberg
209. Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
     Mattia Bosio, German M. Demidov, Oliver Drechsel, Georgia Escaramis, Xavier Estivill, Aliaksei Z. Holik, Francesc Muyas, Stephan Ossowski, Raquel Rabionet & Hana Susak
210. Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
     Jacqueline Boultwood
211. Canadian Center for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
     Guillaume Bourque
212. Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
     Guillaume Bourque, Mark Lathrop & Yasser Riazalhosseini
213. Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
     Paul C. Boutros
214. Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Paul C. Boutros
215. Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
     G. Steven Bova & Tapio Visakorpi
216. Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
     David T. Bowen
217. Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
     Sandrine Boyault
218. Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
     Jeffrey Boyd & Elaine R. Mardis
219. International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
     Paul Brennan & Ghislaine Scelo
220. Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK
     Daniel S. Brewer & Colin S. Cooper
221. Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
     Daniel S. Brewer & Colin S. Cooper
222. Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, HB, The Netherlands
     Arie B. Brinkman
223. CRUK Manchester Institute and Centre, Manchester, UK
     Robert G. Bristow
224. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Robert G. Bristow
225. Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
     Robert G. Bristow
226. Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Robert G. Bristow & Fei-Fei Fei Liu
227. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
     Jane E. Brock & Sabina Signoretti
228. Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
     Malcolm Brock
229. Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, CX, The Netherlands
     Annegien Broeks & Jos Jonkers
230. Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
     Angela N. Brooks, David Haan, Maximillian G. Marin, Thomas J. Matthew, Yulia Newton, Cameron M. Soulette & Joshua M. Stuart
231. UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
     Angela N. Brooks, Brian Craft, Mary J. Goldman, David Haussler, Joshua M. Stuart & Jingchun Zhu
232. Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
     Benedikt Brors, Lars Feuerbach, Chen Hong, Charles David Imbusch & Lina Sieverling
233. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
     Benedikt Brors, Barbara Hutter, Peter Lichter, Dirk Schadendorf & Holger Sültmann
234. National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
     Benedikt Brors, Barbara Hutter, Holger Sültmann & Thorsten Zenz
235. Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
     Søren Brunak
236. Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
     Søren Brunak
237. Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
     Timothy J. C. Bruxner, Oliver Holmes, Stephen H. Kazakoff, Conrad R. Leonard, Felicity Newell, Katia Nones, Ann-Marie Patch, John V. Pearson, Michael C. Quinn, Nick M. Waddell, Nicola Waddell, Scott Wood & Qinying Xu
238. Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
     Alex Buchanan & Kyle Ellrott
239. Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
     Ivo Buchhalter, Calvin Wing Yiu Chan, Roland Eils, Michael C. Heinold, Carl Herrmann, Natalie Jäger, Rolf Kabbe, Jules N. A. Kerssemakers, Kortine Kleinheinz, Nagarajan Paramasivam, Manuel Prinz, Matthias Schlesner & Johannes Werner
240. Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
     Ivo Buchhalter, Roland Eils, Michael C. Heinold, Carl Herrmann, Daniel Hübschmann, Kortine Kleinheinz & Umut H. Toprak
241. Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Berlin, Germany
     Christiane Buchholz
242. Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
     Hazel Burke, Ricardo De Paoli-Iseppi, Nicholas K. Hayward, Peter Hersey, Valerie Jakrot, Hojabr Kakavand, Georgina V. Long, Graham J. Mann, Robyn P. M. Saw, Richard A. Scolyer, Ping Shang, Andrew J. Spillane, Jonathan R. Stretch, John F. F. Thompson & James S. Wilmott
243. Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
     Birgit Burkhardt
244. Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
     Kathleen H. Burns & Christopher Umbricht
245. McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
     Kathleen H. Burns
246. Foundation Medicine, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
     John Busanovich
247. Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
     Carlos D. Bustamante & Francisco M. De La Vega
248. Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
     Carlos D. Bustamante, Francisco M. De La Vega, Suyash S. Shringarpure, Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong & Mark H. Wright
249. Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
     Atul J. Butte & Jieming Chen
250. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
     Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
251. National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
     Samantha J. Caesar-Johnson, John A. Demchok, Ina Felau, Roy Tarnuzzer, Zhining Wang, Liming Yang, Jean C. Zenklusen & Jiashan Zhang
252. Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
     Declan Cahill, Nening M. Dennis, Tim Dudderidge, Rosalind A. Eeles, Cyril Fisher, Steven Hazell, Vincent Khoo, Pardeep Kumar, Naomi Livni, Erik Mayer, David Nicol, Christopher Ogden, Edward W. Rowe, Sarah Thomas, Alan Thompson & Nicholas van As
253. Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
     Claudia Calabrese, Serap Erkek, Moritz Gerstung, Santiago Gonzalez, Nina Habermann, Wolfgang Huber, Lara Jerman, Jan O. Korbel, Esa Pitkänen, Benjamin Raeder, Tobias Rausch, Vasilisa A. Rudneva, Oliver Stegle, Stephanie Sungalee, Lara Urban, Sebastian M. Waszak, Joachim Weischenfeldt & Sergei Yakneen
254. Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
     Carlos Caldas & Suet-Feung Chin
255. Li Ka Shing Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
     Carlos Caldas, Suet-Feung Chin, Ruben M. Drews, Paul A. Edwards, Matthew Eldridge, Steve Hawkins, Andy G. Lynch, Geoff Macintyre, Florian Markowetz, Charlie E. Massie, David E. Neal, Simon Tavaré & Ke Yuan
256. Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
     Fabien Calvo
257. Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
     Peter J. Campbell, Vincent J. Gnanapragasam, William Howat, Thomas J. Mitchell, David E. Neal, Nimish C. Shah & Anne Y. Warren
258. Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
     Peter J. Campbell
259. Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
     Elias Campo
260. Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain
     Elias Campo
261. University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
     Thomas E. Carey
262. Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
     Joana Carlevaro-Fita
263. Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
     Joana Carlevaro-Fita, Rory Johnson & Andrés Lanzós
264. Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
     Joana Carlevaro-Fita & Andrés Lanzós
265. University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
     Mario Cazzola & Luca Malcovati
266. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
     Robert Cerfolio
267. UHN Program in BioSpecimen Sciences, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Dianne E. Chadwick, Sheng-Ben Liang, Michael H. A. Roehrl & Sagedeh Shahabi
268. Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
     Dimple Chakravarty
269. Centre for Law and Genetics, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay Campus, Hobart, TAS, Australia
     Don Chalmers
270. Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
     Calvin Wing Yiu Chan, Chen Hong & Lina Sieverling
271. Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
     Kin Chan
272. Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
     Vishal S. Chandan
273. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
     Stephen J. Chanock, Xing Hua, Lisa Mirabello, Lei Song & Bin Zhu
274. Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District L3 Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
     Lorraine A. Chantrill
275. BioForA, French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE), ONF, Orléans, France
     Aurélien Chateigner
276. Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
     Nilanjan Chatterjee
277. University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
     Zhaohong Chen, Michelle T. Dow, Claudiu Farcas, S. M. Ashiqul Islam, Antonios Koures, Lucila Ohno-Machado, Christos Sotiriou & Ashley Williams
278. Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
     Jeremy Chien
279. Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
     Yoke-Eng Chiew, Angela Chou, Jillian A. Hung, Catherine J. Kennedy, Graham J. Mann, Gulietta M. Pupo, Sarah-Jane Schramm, Varsha Tembe & Anna deFazio
280. Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
     Yoke-Eng Chiew, Jillian A. Hung, Catherine J. Kennedy & Anna deFazio
281. PDXen Biosystems Inc, Seoul, South Korea
     Sunghoon Cho
282. Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
     Jung Kyoon Choi, Young Seok Ju & Christopher J. Yoon
283. Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
     Wan Choi, Seung-Hyup Jeon, Hyunghwan Kim & Youngchoon Woo
284. Institut National du Cancer (INCA), Boulogne-Billancourt, France
     Christine Chomienne & Iris Pauporté
285. Department of Genetics, Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
     Zechen Chong
286. Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
     Su Pin Choo
287. Medical Oncology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
     Sara Cingarlini & Michele Milella
288. Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
     Alexander Claviez
289. Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgical Oncology Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Sean Cleary, Ashton A. Connor & Steven Gallinger
290. School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
     Nicole Cloonan
291. Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
     Marek Cmero
292. The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
     Marek Cmero
293. Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
     Marek Cmero
294. Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, Canada
     Colin C. Collins, Nilgun Donmez, Faraz Hach, Salem Malikic, S. Cenk Sahinalp, Iman Sarrafi & Raunak Shrestha
295. Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Ashton A. Connor, Steven Gallinger, Robert C. Grant, Treasa A. McPherson & Iris Selander
296. University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
     Colin S. Cooper
297. Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
     Matthew G. Cordes, Catrina C. Fronick & Tom Roques
298. Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, VIC, Australia
     Stephen M. Cordner
299. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
     Isidro Cortés-Ciriano, Jake June-Koo Lee & Peter J. Park
300. Department of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
     Isidro Cortés-Ciriano
301. Ludwig Center at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
     Isidro Cortés-Ciriano, Jake June-Koo Lee & Peter J. Park
302. Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
     Kyle Covington, HarshaVardhan Doddapaneni, Richard A. Gibbs, Jianhong Hu, Joy C. Jayaseelan, Viktoriya Korchina, Lora Lewis, Donna M. Muzny, Linghua Wang, David A. Wheeler & Liu Xi
303. Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
     Prue A. Cowin, Anne Hamilton, Gisela Mir Arnau & Ravikiran Vedururu
304. Physics Division, Optimization and Systems Biology Lab, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
     David Craft
305. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
     Chad J. Creighton
306. University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
     Yupeng Cun, Martin Peifer & Tsun-Po Yang
307. International Genomics Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
     Erin Curley & Troy Shelton
308. Genomics Research Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Karolina Czajka, Jenna Eagles, Thomas J. Hudson, Jeremy Johns, Faridah Mbabaali, John D. McPherson, Jessica K. Miller, Danielle Pasternack, Michelle Sam & Lee E. Timms
309. Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Romford, UK
     Bogdan Czerniak, Adel El-Naggar & David Khoo
310. Children’s Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
     Rebecca A. Dagg
311. Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
     Maria Vittoria Davi
312. Computational Biology Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
     Natalie R. Davidson, Andre Kahles, Kjong-Van Lehmann, Alessandro Pastore, Gunnar Rätsch, Chris Sander, Yasin Senbabaoglu & Nicholas D. Socci
313. Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
     Natalie R. Davidson, Andre Kahles, Kjong-Van Lehmann, Gunnar Rätsch & Stefan G. Stark
314. Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
     Natalie R. Davidson, Andre Kahles, Kjong-Van Lehmann & Gunnar Rätsch
315. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
     Natalie R. Davidson, Andre Kahles, Kjong-Van Lehmann, Gunnar Rätsch & Stefan G. Stark
316. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
     Natalie R. Davidson, Bishoy M. Faltas & Gunnar Rätsch
317. Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
     Helen Davies & Serena Nik-Zainal
318. MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
     Helen Davies, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald, Nicola Grehan, Serena Nik-Zainal & Maria O’Donovan
319. Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
     Ian J. Davis
320. Seven Bridges Genomics, Charlestown, MA, USA
     Brandi N. Davis-Dusenbery, Sinisa Ivkovic, Milena Kovacevic, Ana Mijalkovic Lazic, Sanja Mijalkovic, Mia Nastic, Petar Radovic & Nebojsa Tijanic
321. Annai Systems, Inc, Carlsbad, CA, USA
     Francisco M. De La Vega, Tal Shmaya & Dai-Ying Wu
322. Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Treviso, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Treviso, Italy
     Angelo P. Dei Tos
323. Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
     Olivier Delaneau
324. Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, CH, Switzerland
     Olivier Delaneau
325. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, CH, Switzerland
     Olivier Delaneau
326. The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
     Jonas Demeulemeester, Stefan C. Dentro, Matthew W. Fittall, Kerstin Haase, Clemency Jolly, Maxime Tarabichi & Peter Van Loo
327. University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
     Jonas Demeulemeester & Peter Van Loo
328. Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
     German M. Demidov, Francesc Muyas & Stephan Ossowski
329. Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
     Deniz Demircioğlu & Jonathan Göke
330. School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
     Deniz Demircioğlu
331. Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
     Stefan C. Dentro & David C. Wedge
332. Biomedical Data Science Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
     Nikita Desai
333. Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
     Nikita Desai
334. The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Amit G. Deshwar
335. Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory JC Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
     Christine Desmedt
336. Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
     Christine Desmedt
337. Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
     Jordi Deu-Pons, Joan Frigola, Abel Gonzalez-Perez, Ferran Muiños, Loris Mularoni, Oriol Pich, Iker Reyes-Salazar, Carlota Rubio-Perez, Radhakrishnan Sabarinathan & David Tamborero
338. Research Program on Biomedical Informatics, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
     Jordi Deu-Pons, Abel Gonzalez-Perez, Ferran Muiños, Loris Mularoni, Oriol Pich, Carlota Rubio-Perez, Radhakrishnan Sabarinathan & David Tamborero
339. Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Neesha C. Dhani, David Hedley & Malcolm J. Moore
340. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
     Priyanka Dhingra, Ekta Khurana, Eric Minwei Liu & Alexander Martinez-Fundichely
341. Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
     Priyanka Dhingra, Ekta Khurana, Eric Minwei Liu & Alexander Martinez-Fundichely
342. Department of Pathology, UPMC Shadyside, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
     Rajiv Dhir
343. Independent Consultant, Wellesley, USA
     Anthony DiBiase
344. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
     Klev Diamanti, Jan Komorowski & Husen M. Umer
345. Department of Medicine and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
     Li Ding, Robert S. Fulton, Michael D. McLellan, Michael C. Wendl & Venkata D. Yellapantula
346. Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, China
     Shuai Ding & Shanlin Yang
347. Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals St.-Augustinus, Center for Oncological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
     Luc Dirix, Steven Van Laere, Gert G. Van den Eynden & Peter Vermeulen
348. Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
     Nilgun Donmez, Ermin Hodzic, Salem Malikic, S. Cenk Sahinalp & Iman Sarrafi
349. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
     Ronny Drapkin
350. Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Vic—Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
     Ana Dueso-Barroso
351. The Wellcome Trust, London, UK
     Michael Dunn
352. The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Lewis Jonathan Dursi
353. Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
     Fraser R. Duthie
354. Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
     Ken Dutton-Regester, Nicholas K. Hayward, Oliver Holmes, Peter A. Johansson, Stephen H. Kazakoff, Conrad R. Leonard, Felicity Newell, Katia Nones, Ann-Marie Patch, John V. Pearson, Antonia L. Pritchard, Michael C. Quinn, Paresh Vyas, Nicola Waddell, Scott Wood & Qinying Xu
355. Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
     Douglas F. Easton
356. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
     Douglas F. Easton
357. Prostate Cancer Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Stuart Edmonds
358. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
     Paul A. Edwards, Anthony R. Green, Andy G. Lynch, Florian Markowetz & Thomas J. Mitchell
359. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Center at Medicon Village, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
     Anna Ehinger
360. Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
     Juergen Eils, Roland Eils & Daniel Hübschmann
361. New BIH Digital Health Center, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
     Juergen Eils, Roland Eils & Chris Lawerenz
362. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
     Georgia Escaramis
363. Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), UdG, Barcelona, Spain
     Georgia Escaramis
364. Quantitative Genomics Laboratories (qGenomics), Barcelona, Spain
     Xavier Estivill
365. Icelandic Cancer Registry, Icelandic Cancer Society, Reykjavik, Iceland
     Jorunn E. Eyfjord, Holmfridur Hilmarsdottir & Jon G. Jonasson
366. State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
     Daiming Fan & Yongzhan Nie
367. Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
     Matteo Fassan
368. Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
     Francesco Favero
369. Center for Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
     Martin L. Ferguson
370. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
     Vincent Ferretti
371. Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
     Matthew A. Field
372. Department of Neuro-Oncology, Istituto Neurologico Besta, Milano, Italy
     Gaetano Finocchiaro
373. Bioplatforms Australia, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
     Anna Fitzgerald & Catherine A. Shang
374. Department of Pathology (Research), University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
     Adrienne M. Flanagan
375. Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Neil E. Fleshner
376. Department of Medical Oncology, Josephine Nefkens Institute and Cancer Genomics Centre, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, CN, The Netherlands
     John A. Foekens, John W. M. Martens, F. Germán Rodríguez-González, Anieta M. Sieuwerts & Marcel Smid
377. The University of Queensland Thoracic Research Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
     Kwun M. Fong
378. CIBIO/InBIO - Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
     Nuno A. Fonseca
379. HCA Laboratories, London, UK
     Christopher S. Foster
380. University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
     Christopher S. Foster
381. The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
     Milana Frenkel-Morgenstern
382. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
     William Friedman
383. Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
     Masashi Fukayama & Tetsuo Ushiku
384. University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
     Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini
385. BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
     Shengjie Gao, Yong Hou, Chang Li, Lin Li, Siliang Li, Xiaobo Li, Xinyue Li, Dongbing Liu, Xingmin Liu, Qiang Pan-Hammarström, Hong Su, Jian Wang, Kui Wu, Heng Xiong, Huanming Yang, Chen Ye, Xiuqing Zhang, Yong Zhou & Shida Zhu
386. Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval, Oslo, Norway
     Øystein Garred
387. Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
     Nils Gehlenborg
388. Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
     Josep L. L. Gelpi
389. Office of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
     Daniela S. Gerhard
390. Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
     Clarissa Gerhauser, Christoph Plass & Dieter Weichenhan
391. Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
     Jeffrey E. Gershenwald
392. Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
     Jeffrey E. Gershenwald
393. Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
     Mark Gerstein & Fabio C. P. Navarro
394. Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
     Mark Gerstein, Sushant Kumar, Lucas Lochovsky, Shaoke Lou, Patrick D. McGillivray, Fabio C. P. Navarro, Leonidas Salichos & Jonathan Warrell
395. Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
     Mark Gerstein, Arif O. Harmanci, Sushant Kumar, Donghoon Lee, Shantao Li, Xiaotong Li, Lucas Lochovsky, Shaoke Lou, William Meyerson, Leonidas Salichos, Jonathan Warrell, Jing Zhang & Yan Zhang
396. Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
     Gad Getz & Paz Polak
397. Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
     Gad Getz
398. Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
     Ronald Ghossein, Dilip D. Giri, Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue, Jorge Reis-Filho & Victor Reuter
399. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
     Nasra H. Giama, Catherine D. Moser & Lewis R. Roberts
400. University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
     Anthony J. Gill & James G. Kench
401. University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
     Pelvender Gill, Freddie C. Hamdy, Katalin Karaszi, Adam Lambert, Luke Marsden, Clare Verrill & Paresh Vyas
402. Department of Surgery, Academic Urology Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
     Vincent J. Gnanapragasam
403. Department of Medicine II, University of Würzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
     Maria Elisabeth Goebler
404. Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
     Carmen Gomez
405. Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
     Abel Gonzalez-Perez
406. Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, USA
     Dmitry A. Gordenin & Natalie Saini
407. St. Thomas’s Hospital, London, UK
     James Gossage
408. Osaka International Cancer Center, Osaka, Japan
     Kunihito Gotoh
409. Department of Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
     Dorthe Grabau
410. Department of Medical Oncology, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
     Janet S. Graham
411. National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
     Eric Green, Carolyn M. Hutter & Heidi J. Sofia
412. Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
     Sean M. Grimmond
413. Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
     Robert L. Grossman
414. German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
     Adam Grundhoff
415. Bioinformatics Research Centre (BiRC), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
     Qianyun Guo, Asger Hobolth & Jakob Skou Pedersen
416. Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, Delhi, India
     Shailja Gupta & K. VijayRaghavan
417. National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
     Jonathan Göke
418. Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
     James E. Haber
419. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
     Faraz Hach
420. Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
     Mark P. Hamilton
421. The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
     Leng Han, Yang Yang & Xuanping Zhang
422. Imperial College NHS Trust, Imperial College, London, INY, UK
     George B. Hanna
423. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University of Frankfurt Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
     Martin Hansmann
424. Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
     Olivier Harismendy
425. Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
     Arif O. Harmanci
426. Oxford Nanopore Technologies, New York, NY, USA
     Eoghan Harrington & Sissel Juul
427. Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
     Takanori Hasegawa, Shuto Hayashi, Seiya Imoto, Mitsuhiro Komura, Satoru Miyano, Naoki Miyoshi, Kazuhiro Ohi, Eigo Shimizu, Yuichi Shiraishi, Hiroko Tanaka & Rui Yamaguchi
428. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
     David Haussler
429. Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
     Shinya Hayami, Masaki Ueno & Hiroki Yamaue
430. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
     D. Neil Hayes
431. University of Tennessee Health Science Center for Cancer Research, Memphis, TN, USA
     D. Neil Hayes
432. Department of Histopathology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
     Stephen J. Hayes
433. Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
     Stephen J. Hayes
434. BIOPIC, ICG and College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
     Yao He & Zemin Zhang
435. Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
     Yao He & Zemin Zhang
436. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
     Allison P. Heath
437. Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology and Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
     Apurva M. Hegde, Yiling Lu & John N. Weinstein
438. Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
     Eva Hellstrom-Lindberg & Jesper Lagergren
439. The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Mohamed Helmy & Jeffrey A. Wintersinger
440. Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
     Seong Gu Heo, Eun Pyo Hong & Ji Wan Park
441. Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
     José María Heredia-Genestar, Tomas Marques-Bonet & Arcadi Navarro
442. Health Data Science Unit, University Clinics, Heidelberg, Germany
     Carl Herrmann
443. Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, MA, USA
     Julian M. Hess & Yosef E. Maruvka
444. Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
     Satoshi Hirano & Toru Nakamura
445. Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
     Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
446. Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
     Katherine A. Hoadley & Tara J. Skelly
447. Computational Biology, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
     Steve Hoffmann
448. University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
     Oliver Hofmann
449. University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
     Michael A. Hollingsworth & Sarah P. Thayer
450. Syntekabio Inc, Daejeon, South Korea
     Jongwhi H. Hong
451. Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
     Gerrit K. Hooijer
452. China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
     Yong Hou, Chang Li, Siliang Li, Xiaobo Li, Dongbing Liu, Xingmin Liu, Henk G. Stunnenberg, Hong Su, Kui Wu, Heng Xiong, Chen Ye & Shida Zhu
453. Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
     Volker Hovestadt, Murat Iskar, Peter Lichter, Bernhard Radlwimmer & Marc Zapatka
454. Division of Life Science and Applied Genomics Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
     Taobo Hu, Yogesh Kumar, Eric Z. Ma, Zhenggang Wu & Hong Xue
455. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
     Kuan-lin Huang
456. Geneplus-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
     Yi Huang
457. School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
     Yi Huang, Jiayin Wang, Xiao Xiao & Xuanping Zhang
458. AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
     Thomas J. Hudson
459. Institute of Pathology, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
     Michael Hummel & Dido Lenze
460. Centre for Translational and Applied Genomics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
     David Huntsman
461. Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
     Ted R. Hupp
462. Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
     Matthew R. Huska, Julia Markowski & Roland F. Schwarz
463. Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
     Daniel Hübschmann
464. German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
     Daniel Hübschmann, Christof von Kalle & Roland F. Schwarz
465. Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Heidelberg, Germany
     Daniel Hübschmann
466. Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
     Marcin Imielinski
467. New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
     Marcin Imielinski & Xiaotong Yao
468. Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
     William B. Isaacs
469. Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
     Shumpei Ishikawa, Hiroto Katoh & Daisuke Komura
470. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
     Michael Ittmann
471. Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
     Michael Ittmann
472. Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
     Michael Ittmann
473. Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
     Jose M. G. Izarzugaza
474. Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
     Jocelyne Jacquemier, Hyung-Yong Kim & Gu Kong
475. Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
     Nigel B. Jamieson
476. Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea
     Se Jin Jang & Hee Jin Lee
477. Science Writer, Garrett Park, MD, USA
     Karine Jegalian
478. International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC)/ICGC Accelerating Research in Genomic Oncology (ARGO) Secretariat, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Jennifer L. Jennings
479. University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
     Lara Jerman
480. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
     Yuan Ji
481. Research Institute, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
     Yuan Ji
482. Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
     Rory Johnson, Andrés Lanzós & Mark A. Rubin
483. Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
     Yann Joly, Bartha M. Knoppers, Mark Phillips & Adrian Thorogood
484. Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
     Corbin D. Jones
485. Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
     David T. W. Jones, Marcel Kool & Stefan M. Pfister
486. Pediatric Glioma Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
     David T. W. Jones
487. Cancer Research UK, London, UK
     Nic Jones & David Scott
488. Indivumed GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
     Hartmut Juhl
489. Genome Integration Data Center, Syntekabio, Inc, Daejeon, South Korea
     Jongsun Jung
490. University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
     Andre Kahles, Kjong-Van Lehmann & Gunnar Rätsch
491. Clinical Bioinformatics, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
     Abdullah Kahraman
492. Institute for Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
     Abdullah Kahraman
493. Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
     Abdullah Kahraman & Christian von Mering
494. MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
     Vera B. Kaiser & Colin A. Semple
495. Women’s Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
     Beth Karlan
496. Department of Biology, Bioinformatics Group, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
     Rosa Karlić
497. Department for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
     Dennis Karsch & Michael Kneba
498. Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
     Karin S. Kassahn
499. Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
     Hitoshi Katai
500. Department of Bioinformatics, Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
     Mamoru Kato, Hirofumi Rokutan & Mihoko Saito-Adachi
501. A.A. Kharkevich Institute of Information Transmission Problems, Moscow, Russia
     Marat D. Kazanov
502. Oncology and Immunology, Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Moscow, Russia
     Marat D. Kazanov
503. Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
     Marat D. Kazanov
504. Department of Surgery, The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Science, Washington, DC, USA
     Electron Kebebew
505. Endocrine Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
     Electron Kebebew
506. Melanoma Institute Australia, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
     Richard F. Kefford
507. MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
     Manolis Kellis
508. Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
     James G. Kench & Richard A. Scolyer
509. Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
     Narong Khuntikeo
510. Controlled Department and Institution, New York, NY, USA
     Ekta Khurana
511. Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
     Ekta Khurana & Alexander Martinez-Fundichely
512. National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, South Korea
     Hark Kyun Kim
513. Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
     Hyung-Lae Kim
514. Health Sciences Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
     Jihoon Kim
515. Research Core Center, National Cancer Centre Korea, Goyang-si, South Korea
     Jong K. Kim
516. Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
     Youngwook Kim
517. Samsung Genome Institute, Seoul, South Korea
     Youngwook Kim
518. Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
     Tari A. King
519. Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
     Tari A. King & Samuel Singer
520. Division of Breast Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
     Tari A. King
521. Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, USA
     Leszek J. Klimczak
522. Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
     Stian Knappskog & Ola Myklebost
523. Center For Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
     Youngil Koh
524. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
     Youngil Koh & Sung-Soo Yoon
525. Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsawa, Poland
     Jan Komorowski
526. Functional and Structural Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
     Marcel Kool, Andrey Korshunov, Michael Koscher, Stefan M. Pfister & Qi Wang
527. Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, , National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
     Roelof Koster
528. Institute for Medical Informatics Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
     Markus Kreuz & Markus Loeffler
529. Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
     Savitri Krishnamurthy
530. Department of Hematology and Oncology, Georg-Augusts-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
     Dieter Kube & Lorenz H. P. Trümper
531. Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
     Ralf Küppers
532. King’s College London and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
     Jesper Lagergren
533. Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
     Peter W. Laird
534. The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
     Sunil R. Lakhani & Peter T. Simpson
535. Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
     Pablo Landgraf
536. University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
     Pablo Landgraf & Guido Reifenberger
537. Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
     Denis Larsimont
538. Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
     Erik Larsson
539. Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
     Loretta M. S. Lau & Hilda A. Pickett
540. ILSbio, LLC Biobank, Chestertown, MD, USA
     Xuan Le
541. Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
     Eunjung Alice Lee
542. Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR), Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
     Jeong-Yeon Lee
543. Department of Statistics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
     Juhee Lee
544. National Genotyping Center, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
     Ming Ta Michael Lee
545. Department of Vertebrate Genomics/Otto Warburg Laboratory Gene Regulation and Systems Biology of Cancer, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
     Hans Lehrach, Hans-Jörg Warnatz & Marie-Laure Yaspo
546. McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
     Louis Letourneau
547. biobyte solutions GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
     Ivica Letunic
548. Gynecologic Oncology, NYU Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
     Douglas A. Levine
549. Division of Oncology, Stem Cell Biology Section, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
     Tim Ley
550. Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
     Han Liang
551. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
     Ziao Lin
552. Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
     W. M. Linehan
553. University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
     Ole Christian Lingjærde & Torill Sauer
554. University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Fei-Fei Fei Liu, Quaid D. Morris, Ruian Shi, Shankar Vembu & Fan Yang
555. Peking University, Beijing, China
     Fenglin Liu, Fan Zhang, Liangtao Zheng & Xiuqing Zheng
556. School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
     Fenglin Liu
557. Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, McLean, VA, USA
     Jia Liu
558. Hematology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
     Armando Lopez-Guillermo
559. Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
     Yong-Jie Lu & Hongwei Zhang
560. Chinese Cancer Genome Consortium, Shenzhen, China
     Youyong Lu
561. Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
     Youyong Lu
562. Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
     Youyong Lu & Rui Xing
563. School of Medicine/School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St. Andrews, St, Andrews, Fife, UK
     Andy G. Lynch
564. Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
     Lisa Lype, Sheila M. Reynolds & Ilya Shmulevich
565. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University Institute of Oncology-IUOPA, Oviedo, Spain
     Carlos López-Otín & Xose S. Puente
566. Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
     Gaetan MacGrogan
567. Cancer Unit, MRC University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
     Shona MacRae
568. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Personalized Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
     Dennis T. Maglinte
569. John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, ACT, Australia
     Graham J. Mann
570. MVZ Department of Oncology, PraxisClinic am Johannisplatz, Leipzig, Germany
     Luisa Mantovani-Löffler
571. Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
     Kathleen Marchal & Sergio Pulido-Tamayo
572. Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
     Kathleen Marchal, Sergio Pulido-Tamayo & Lieven P. C. Verbeke
573. Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
     Elaine R. Mardis
574. Computational Biology Program, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
     Adam A. Margolin & Adam J. Struck
575. Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
     Jeffrey Marks
576. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
     Tomas Marques-Bonet, Jose I. Martin-Subero, Arcadi Navarro, David Torrents & Alfonso Valencia
577. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
     Tomas Marques-Bonet
578. University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
     Sancha Martin & Ke Yuan
579. Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
     Jose I. Martin-Subero
580. Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
     R. Jay Mashl
581. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, INY, UK
     Erik Mayer
582. Applications Department, Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Oxford, UK
     Simon Mayes & Daniel J. Turner
583. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Services, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
     Karen McCune & Karen Smith-McCune
584. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
     John D. McPherson
585. STTARR Innovation Facility, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Alice Meng
586. Discipline of Surgery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
     Neil D. Merrett
587. Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
     William Meyerson
588. Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
     Piotr A. Mieczkowski, Joel S. Parker, Charles M. Perou, Donghui Tan, Umadevi Veluvolu & Matthew D. Wilkerson
589. Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
     Tom Mikkelsen
590. Precision Oncology, OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
     Gordon B. Mills
591. Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
     Sarah Minner, Guido Sauter & Ronald Simon
592. Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
     Shinichi Mizuno
593. Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Heidelberg, Germany
     Fruzsina Molnár-Gábor
594. Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
     Carl Morrison, Karin A. Oien, Chawalit Pairojkul, Paul M. Waring & Marc J. van de Vijver
595. Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
     Carl Morrison
596. Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
     Ville Mustonen
597. Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
     Ville Mustonen
598. Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
     Ville Mustonen
599. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
     David Mutch
600. Penrose St. Francis Health Services, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
     Jerome Myers
601. Institute of Pathology, Ulm University and University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
     Peter Möller
602. National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
     Hitoshi Nakagama
603. Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
     Tannistha Nandi & Patrick Tan
604. 32Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
     Fabio C. P. Navarro
605. German Cancer Aid, Bonn, Germany
     Gerd Nettekoven & Laura Planko
606. Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
     Alvin Wei Tian Ng
607. The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
     Anthony Ng
608. Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
     Yongzhan Nie
609. The University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
     Serena Nik-Zainal
610. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
     Paul A. Northcott
611. University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Faiyaz Notta & Ming Tsao
612. Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
     Brian D. O’Connor
613. Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
     Peter O’Donnell
614. Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
     Brian Patrick O’Neill
615. Cambridge Oesophagogastric Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
     J. Robert O’Neill
616. Department of Computer Science, Carleton College, Northfield, MN, USA
     Layla Oesper
617. Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
     Karin A. Oien
618. Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
     Akinyemi I. Ojesina
619. HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
     Akinyemi I. Ojesina
620. O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
     Akinyemi I. Ojesina
621. Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
     Hidenori Ojima
622. Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
     Takuji Okusaka
623. Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, USA
     Larsson Omberg
624. Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
     Choon Kiat Ong
625. Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
     German Ott
626. Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
     B. F. Francis Ouellette
627. Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
     Qiang Pan-Hammarström
628. Center for Liver Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, South Korea
     Joong-Won Park
629. Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
     Keunchil Park
630. Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
     Keunchil Park
631. Cheonan Industry-Academic Collaboration Foundation, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, South Korea
     Kiejung Park
632. NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
     Harvey Pass
633. Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
     Nathan A. Pennell
634. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
     Marc D. Perry
635. Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
     Gloria M. Petersen
636. Helen F. Graham Cancer Center at Christiana Care Health Systems, Newark, DE, USA
     Nicholas Petrelli
637. Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
     Stefan M. Pfister
638. CSRA Incorporated, Fairfax, VA, USA
     Todd D. Pihl
639. Research Department of Pathology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
     Nischalan Pillay
640. Department of Research Oncology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s Health Partners AHSC, King’s College London School of Medicine, London, UK
     Sarah Pinder
641. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
     Andreia V. Pinho
642. University Hospital of Minjoz, INSERM UMR 1098, Besançon, France
     Xavier Pivot
643. Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
     Tirso Pons
644. Center of Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
     Irinel Popescu
645. Cureline, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
     Olga Potapova
646. St. Luke’s Cancer Centre, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK
     Shaun R. Preston
647. Cambridge Breast Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
     Elena Provenzano
648. East of Scotland Breast Service, Ninewells Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
     Colin A. Purdie
649. Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, IRSJD, IBUB, Barcelona, Spain
     Raquel Rabionet
650. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
     Janet S. Rader
651. Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
     Suresh Ramalingam
652. Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
     Benjamin J. Raphael & Matthew A. Reyna
653. Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
     W. Kimryn Rathmell
654. Ohio State University College of Medicine and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
     Matthew Ringel
655. Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
     Yasushi Rino
656. Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany
     Karsten Rippe
657. Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
     Jeffrey Roach
658. School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
     Steven A. Roberts
659. Finsen Laboratory and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
     F. Germán Rodríguez-González, Nikos Sidiropoulos & Joachim Weischenfeldt
660. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Michael H. A. Roehrl & Stefano Serra
661. Department of Pathology, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
     Michael H. A. Roehrl
662. University Hospital Giessen, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Giessen, Germany
     Marius Rohde
663. Oncologie Sénologie, ICM Institut Régional du Cancer, Montpellier, France
     Gilles Romieu
664. Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
     Philip C. Rosenstiel & Markus B. Schilhabel
665. Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
     Andreas Rosenwald
666. Department of Urology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
     Edward W. Rowe
667. SingHealth, Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
     Steven G. Rozen, Patrick Tan & Bin Tean Teh
668. Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Yulia Rubanova, Jared T. Simpson & Jeffrey A. Wintersinger
669. Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
     Mark A. Rubin
670. Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
     Mark A. Rubin
671. Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
     Mark A. Rubin
672. Pathology and Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
     Mark A. Rubin
673. Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology: VHIO, Barcelona, Spain
     Carlota Rubio-Perez
674. General and Hepatobiliary-Biliary Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
     Andrea Ruzzenente
675. National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
     Radhakrishnan Sabarinathan
676. Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
     S. Cenk Sahinalp
677. Department of Pathology, GZA-ZNA Hospitals, Antwerp, Belgium
     Roberto Salgado
678. Analytical Biological Services, Inc, Wilmington, DE, USA
     Charles Saller
679. Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
     Jaswinder S. Samra & Richard A. Scolyer
680. cBio Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
     Chris Sander & Ciyue Shen
681. Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
     Chris Sander & Ciyue Shen
682. Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
     Rajiv Sarin
683. School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
     Christopher J. Scarlett
684. Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
     Dirk Schadendorf
685. Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
     Matthias Schlesner
686. Department of Urology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
     Thorsten Schlomm & Joachim Weischenfeldt
687. Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
     Thorsten Schlomm
688. Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
     Stefan Schreiber
689. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
     Roland F. Schwarz
690. Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
     Ralph Scully
691. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
     Raja Seethala
692. Department of Ophthalmology and Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
     Ayellet V. Segre
693. Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
     Subhajit Sengupta
694. Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
     Hui Shen & Wanding Zhou
695. Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
     Tatsuhiro Shibata, Hirokazu Taniguchi & Tomoko Urushidate
696. Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
     Kiyo Shimizu & Takashi Yugawa
697. Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
     Seung Jun Shin & Stefan G. Stark
698. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
     Craig Shriver
699. Human Genetics, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
     Reiner Siebert
700. Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
     Sabina Signoretti
701. Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
     Jaclyn Smith
702. Center for RNA Interference and Noncoding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
     Anil K. Sood
703. Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
     Anil K. Sood
704. Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
     Anil K. Sood
705. University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
     Sharmila Sothi
706. Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, GA, The Netherlands
     Paul N. Span
707. Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
     Jonathan Spring
708. Clinic for Hematology and Oncology, St.-Antonius-Hospital, Eschweiler, Germany
     Peter Staib
709. Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
     Stefan G. Stark
710. University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
     Ólafur Andri Stefánsson
711. Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
     Oliver Stegle
712. Dundee Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
     Alasdair Stenhouse & Alastair M. Thompson
713. Department for Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm and University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
     Stephan Stilgenbauer
714. Institut Curie, INSERM Unit 830, Paris, France
     Henk G. Stunnenberg & Anne Vincent-Salomon
715. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
     Akihiro Suzuki
716. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, GA, The Netherlands
     Fred Sweep
717. Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
     Holger Sültmann
718. Department of General Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
     Benita Kiat Tee Tan
719. Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
     Patrick Tan & Bin Tean Teh
720. Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
     Tomas J. Tanskanen
721. East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
     Patrick Tarpey
722. Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
     Simon Tavaré
723. Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
     Bin Tean Teh
724. Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Science, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
     Bin Tean Teh
725. Universite Lyon, INCa-Synergie, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
     Gilles Thomas
726. Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
     R. Houston Thompson
727. Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital - Stanmore, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
     Roberto Tirabosco
728. Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
     Marta Tojo
729. Giovanni Paolo II / I.R.C.C.S. Cancer Institute, Bari, BA, Italy
     Stefania Tommasi
730. Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
     Umut H. Toprak
731. Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy
     Giampaolo Tortora
732. University of Verona, Verona, Italy
     Giampaolo Tortora
733. Centre National de Génotypage, CEA - Institute de Génomique, Evry, France
     Jörg Tost
734. CAPHRI Research School, Maastricht University, Maastricht, ER, The Netherlands
     David Townend
735. Department of Biopathology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
     Isabelle Treilleux
736. Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
     Isabelle Treilleux
737. Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), JST, Tokyo, Japan
     Tatsuhiko Tsunoda
738. Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Yokohama, Japan
     Tatsuhiko Tsunoda
739. Department of Medical Science Mathematics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
     Tatsuhiko Tsunoda
740. Cancer Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
     Jose M. C. Tubio
741. University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
     Olga Tucker
742. Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
     Richard Turkington
743. Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
     Naoto T. Ueno
744. Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
     Christopher Umbricht
745. Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
     Husen M. Umer
746. School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
     Timothy J. Underwood
747. Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
     Liis Uusküla-Reimand
748. Genetics and Genome Biology Program, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
     Liis Uusküla-Reimand
749. Departments of Neurosurgery and Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute and School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
     Erwin G. Van Meir
750. Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
     Miguel Vazquez
751. Argmix Consulting, North Vancouver, BC, Canada
     Shankar Vembu
752. Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum (IMEC), Ghent, Belgium
     Lieven P. C. Verbeke
753. Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
     Clare Verrill
754. Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Latvia, Riga, LV, Latvia
     Juris Viksna
755. Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
     Ricardo E. Vilain
756. Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
     Ignacio Vázquez-García
757. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
     Ignacio Vázquez-García & Venkata D. Yellapantula
758. Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
     Ignacio Vázquez-García
759. Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
     Claes Wadelius
760. School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
     Jiayin Wang & Kai Ye
761. Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
     Anne Y. Warren
762. Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
     David C. Wedge
763. Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA
     Paul Weinberger
764. Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
     Ian Welch
765. Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St.Louis, MO, USA
     Michael C. Wendl
766. Department of Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute of Baltic Sea Research, Rostock, Germany
     Johannes Werner
767. Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
     Justin P. Whalley
768. Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
     David A. Wheeler
769. Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
     Dennis Wigle
770. Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
     Richard K. Wilson
771. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
     Boris Winterhoff
772. International Institute for Molecular Oncology, Poznań, Poland
     Maciej Wiznerowicz
773. Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
     Maciej Wiznerowicz
774. Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility High Throughput Sequencing Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
     Stephan Wolf
775. NCCS-VARI Translational Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
     Bernice H. Wong
776. Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
     Winghing Wong
777. MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
     Derek W. Wright
778. Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
     Guanming Wu
779. School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
     Tian Xia
780. Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
     Yanxun Xu
781. Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
     Shinichi Yachida
782. Institute of Computer Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
     Sergei Yakneen
783. School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
     Jean Y. Yang
784. Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
     Lixing Yang
785. Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
     Lixing Yang
786. Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
     Xiaotong Yao
787. The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
     Kai Ye
788. Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
     Jun Yu
789. Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
     Kaixian Yu & Hongtu Zhu
790. Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
     Willie Yu
791. Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
     Yingyan Yu
792. School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
     Ke Yuan
793. Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
     Olga Zaikova
794. Eastern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
     Nikolajs Zeps
795. Epworth HealthCare, Richmond, VIC, Australia
     Nikolajs Zeps
796. Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
     Cheng-Zhong Zhang
797. Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
     Yan Zhang
798. The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center (OSUCCC – James), Columbus, OH, USA
     Yan Zhang
799. The University of Texas School of Biomedical Informatics (SBMI) at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
     Zhongming Zhao
800. Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
     Hongtu Zhu
801. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
     Lihua Zou
802. Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
     Anna deFazio
803. Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, GD, The Netherlands
     Carolien H. M. van Deurzen
804. Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, CX, The Netherlands
     L. van’t Veer
805. Institute of Molecular Life Sciences and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
     Christian von Mering

Authors

1. Kadir C. Akdemir
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2. Victoria T. Le
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3. Sahaana Chandran
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4. Yilong Li
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5. Roel G. Verhaak
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6. Rameen Beroukhim
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7. Peter J. Campbell
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8. Lynda Chin
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9. Jesse R. Dixon
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10. P. Andrew Futreal
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Consortia

PCAWG Structural Variation Working Group

• Kadir C. Akdemir
• , Eva G. Alvarez
• , Adrian Baez-Ortega
• , Rameen Beroukhim
• , Paul C. Boutros
• , David D. L. Bowtell
• , Benedikt Brors
• , Kathleen H. Burns
• , Peter J. Campbell
• , Kin Chan
• , Ken Chen
• , Isidro Cortés-Ciriano
• , Ana Dueso-Barroso
• , Andrew J. Dunford
• , Paul A. Edwards
• , Xavier Estivill
• , Dariush Etemadmoghadam
• , Lars Feuerbach
• , J. Lynn Fink
• , Milana Frenkel-Morgenstern
• , Dale W. Garsed
• , Mark Gerstein
• , Dmitry A. Gordenin
• , David Haan
• , James E. Haber
• , Julian M. Hess
• , Barbara Hutter
• , Marcin Imielinski
• , David T. W. Jones
• , Young Seok Ju
• , Marat D. Kazanov
• , Leszek J. Klimczak
• , Youngil Koh
• , Jan O. Korbel
• , Kiran Kumar
• , Eunjung Alice Lee
• , Jake June-Koo Lee
• , Yilong Li
• , Andy G. Lynch
• , Geoff Macintyre
• , Florian Markowetz
• , Iñigo Martincorena
• , Alexander Martinez-Fundichely
• , Matthew Meyerson
• , Satoru Miyano
• , Hidewaki Nakagawa
• , Fabio C. P. Navarro
• , Stephan Ossowski
• , Peter J. Park
• , John V. Pearson
• , Montserrat Puiggròs
• , Karsten Rippe
• , Nicola D. Roberts
• , Steven A. Roberts
• , Bernardo Rodriguez-Martin
• , Steven E. Schumacher
• , Ralph Scully
• , Mark Shackleton
• , Nikos Sidiropoulos
• , Lina Sieverling
• , Chip Stewart
• , David Torrents
• , Jose M. C. Tubio
• , Izar Villasante
• , Nicola Waddell
• , Jeremiah A. Wala
• , Joachim Weischenfeldt
• , Lixing Yang
• , Xiaotong Yao
• , Sung-Soo Yoon
• , Jorge Zamora
• & Cheng-Zhong Zhang

PCAWG Consortium

• Lauri A. Aaltonen
• , Federico Abascal
• , Adam Abeshouse
• , Hiroyuki Aburatani
• , David J. Adams
• , Nishant Agrawal
• , Keun Soo Ahn
• , Sung-Min Ahn
• , Hiroshi Aikata
• , Rehan Akbani
• , Kadir C. Akdemir
• , Hikmat Al-Ahmadie
• , Sultan T. Al-Sedairy
• , Fatima Al-Shahrour
• , Malik Alawi
• , Monique Albert
• , Kenneth Aldape
• , Ludmil B. Alexandrov
• , Adrian Ally
• , Kathryn Alsop
• , Eva G. Alvarez
• , Fernanda Amary
• , Samirkumar B. Amin
• , Brice Aminou
• , Ole Ammerpohl
• , Matthew J. Anderson
• , Yeng Ang
• , Davide Antonello
• , Pavana Anur
• , Samuel Aparicio
• , Elizabeth L. Appelbaum
• , Yasuhito Arai
• , Axel Aretz
• , Koji Arihiro
• , Shun-ichi Ariizumi
• , Joshua Armenia
• , Laurent Arnould
• , Sylvia Asa
• , Yassen Assenov
• , Gurnit Atwal
• , Sietse Aukema
• , J. Todd Auman
• , Miriam R. R. Aure
• , Philip Awadalla
• , Marta Aymerich
• , Gary D. Bader
• , Adrian Baez-Ortega
• , Matthew H. Bailey
• , Peter J. Bailey
• , Miruna Balasundaram
• , Saianand Balu
• , Pratiti Bandopadhayay
• , Rosamonde E. Banks
• , Stefano Barbi
• , Andrew P. Barbour
• , Jonathan Barenboim
• , Jill Barnholtz-Sloan
• , Hugh Barr
• , Elisabet Barrera
• , John Bartlett
• , Javier Bartolome
• , Claudio Bassi
• , Oliver F. Bathe
• , Daniel Baumhoer
• , Prashant Bavi
• , Stephen B. Baylin
• , Wojciech Bazant
• , Duncan Beardsmore
• , Timothy A. Beck
• , Sam Behjati
• , Andreas Behren
• , Beifang Niu
• , Cindy Bell
• , Sergi Beltran
• , Christopher Benz
• , Andrew Berchuck
• , Anke K. Bergmann
• , Erik N. Bergstrom
• , Benjamin P. Berman
• , Daniel M. Berney
• , Stephan H. Bernhart
• , Rameen Beroukhim
• , Mario Berrios
• , Samantha Bersani
• , Johanna Bertl
• , Miguel Betancourt
• , Vinayak Bhandari
• , Shriram G. Bhosle
• , Andrew V. Biankin
• , Matthias Bieg
• , Darell Bigner
• , Hans Binder
• , Ewan Birney
• , Michael Birrer
• , Nidhan K. Biswas
• , Bodil Bjerkehagen
• , Tom Bodenheimer
• , Lori Boice
• , Giada Bonizzato
• , Johann S. De Bono
• , Arnoud Boot
• , Moiz S. Bootwalla
• , Ake Borg
• , Arndt Borkhardt
• , Keith A. Boroevich
• , Ivan Borozan
• , Christoph Borst
• , Marcus Bosenberg
• , Mattia Bosio
• , Jacqueline Boultwood
• , Guillaume Bourque
• , Paul C. Boutros
• , G. Steven Bova
• , David T. Bowen
• , Reanne Bowlby
• , David D. L. Bowtell
• , Sandrine Boyault
• , Rich Boyce
• , Jeffrey Boyd
• , Alvis Brazma
• , Paul Brennan
• , Daniel S. Brewer
• , Arie B. Brinkman
• , Robert G. Bristow
• , Russell R. Broaddus
• , Jane E. Brock
• , Malcolm Brock
• , Annegien Broeks
• , Angela N. Brooks
• , Denise Brooks
• , Benedikt Brors
• , Søren Brunak
• , Timothy J. C. Bruxner
• , Alicia L. Bruzos
• , Alex Buchanan
• , Ivo Buchhalter
• , Christiane Buchholz
• , Susan Bullman
• , Hazel Burke
• , Birgit Burkhardt
• , Kathleen H. Burns
• , John Busanovich
• , Carlos D. Bustamante
• , Adam P. Butler
• , Atul J. Butte
• , Niall J. Byrne
• , Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
• , Samantha J. Caesar-Johnson
• , Andy Cafferkey
• , Declan Cahill
• , Claudia Calabrese
• , Carlos Caldas
• , Fabien Calvo
• , Niedzica Camacho
• , Peter J. Campbell
• , Elias Campo
• , Cinzia Cantù
• , Shaolong Cao
• , Thomas E. Carey
• , Joana Carlevaro-Fita
• , Rebecca Carlsen
• , Ivana Cataldo
• , Mario Cazzola
• , Jonathan Cebon
• , Robert Cerfolio
• , Dianne E. Chadwick
• , Dimple Chakravarty
• , Don Chalmers
• , Calvin Wing Yiu Chan
• , Kin Chan
• , Michelle Chan-Seng-Yue
• , Vishal S. Chandan
• , David K. Chang
• , Stephen J. Chanock
• , Lorraine A. Chantrill
• , Aurélien Chateigner
• , Nilanjan Chatterjee
• , Kazuaki Chayama
• , Hsiao-Wei Chen
• , Jieming Chen
• , Ken Chen
• , Yiwen Chen
• , Zhaohong Chen
• , Andrew D. Cherniack
• , Jeremy Chien
• , Yoke-Eng Chiew
• , Suet-Feung Chin
• , Juok Cho
• , Sunghoon Cho
• , Jung Kyoon Choi
• , Wan Choi
• , Christine Chomienne
• , Zechen Chong
• , Su Pin Choo
• , Angela Chou
• , Angelika N. Christ
• , Elizabeth L. Christie
• , Eric Chuah
• , Carrie Cibulskis
• , Kristian Cibulskis
• , Sara Cingarlini
• , Peter Clapham
• , Alexander Claviez
• , Sean Cleary
• , Nicole Cloonan
• , Marek Cmero
• , Colin C. Collins
• , Ashton A. Connor
• , Susanna L. Cooke
• , Colin S. Cooper
• , Leslie Cope
• , Vincenzo Corbo
• , Matthew G. Cordes
• , Stephen M. Cordner
• , Isidro Cortés-Ciriano
• , Kyle Covington
• , Prue A. Cowin
• , Brian Craft
• , David Craft
• , Chad J. Creighton
• , Yupeng Cun
• , Erin Curley
• , Ioana Cutcutache
• , Karolina Czajka
• , Bogdan Czerniak
• , Rebecca A. Dagg
• , Ludmila Danilova
• , Maria Vittoria Davi
• , Natalie R. Davidson
• , Helen Davies
• , Ian J. Davis
• , Brandi N. Davis-Dusenbery
• , Kevin J. Dawson
• , Francisco M. De La Vega
• , Ricardo De Paoli-Iseppi
• , Timothy Defreitas
• , Angelo P. Dei Tos
• , Olivier Delaneau
• , John A. Demchok
• , Jonas Demeulemeester
• , German M. Demidov
• , Deniz Demircioğlu
• , Nening M. Dennis
• , Robert E. Denroche
• , Stefan C. Dentro
• , Nikita Desai
• , Vikram Deshpande
• , Amit G. Deshwar
• , Christine Desmedt
• , Jordi Deu-Pons
• , Noreen Dhalla
• , Neesha C. Dhani
• , Priyanka Dhingra
• , Rajiv Dhir
• , Anthony DiBiase
• , Klev Diamanti
• , Li Ding
• , Shuai Ding
• , Huy Q. Dinh
• , Luc Dirix
• , HarshaVardhan Doddapaneni
• , Nilgun Donmez
• , Michelle T. Dow
• , Ronny Drapkin
• , Oliver Drechsel
• , Ruben M. Drews
• , Serge Serge
• , Tim Dudderidge
• , Ana Dueso-Barroso
• , Andrew J. Dunford
• , Michael Dunn
• , Lewis Jonathan Dursi
• , Fraser R. Duthie
• , Ken Dutton-Regester
• , Jenna Eagles
• , Douglas F. Easton
• , Stuart Edmonds
• , Paul A. Edwards
• , Sandra E. Edwards
• , Rosalind A. Eeles
• , Anna Ehinger
• , Juergen Eils
• , Roland Eils
• , Adel El-Naggar
• , Matthew Eldridge
• , Kyle Ellrott
• , Serap Erkek
• , Georgia Escaramis
• , Shadrielle M. G. Espiritu
• , Xavier Estivill
• , Dariush Etemadmoghadam
• , Jorunn E. Eyfjord
• , Bishoy M. Faltas
• , Daiming Fan
• , Yu Fan
• , William C. Faquin
• , Claudiu Farcas
• , Matteo Fassan
• , Aquila Fatima
• , Francesco Favero
• , Nodirjon Fayzullaev
• , Ina Felau
• , Sian Fereday
• , Martin L. Ferguson
• , Vincent Ferretti
• , Lars Feuerbach
• , Matthew A. Field
• , J. Lynn Fink
• , Gaetano Finocchiaro
• , Cyril Fisher
• , Matthew W. Fittall
• , Anna Fitzgerald
• , Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
• , Adrienne M. Flanagan
• , Neil E. Fleshner
• , Paul Flicek
• , John A. Foekens
• , Kwun M. Fong
• , Nuno A. Fonseca
• , Christopher S. Foster
• , Natalie S. Fox
• , Michael Fraser
• , Scott Frazer
• , Milana Frenkel-Morgenstern
• , William Friedman
• , Joan Frigola
• , Catrina C. Fronick
• , Akihiro Fujimoto
• , Masashi Fujita
• , Masashi Fukayama
• , Lucinda A. Fulton
• , Robert S. Fulton
• , Mayuko Furuta
• , P. Andrew Futreal
• , Anja Füllgrabe
• , Stacey B. Gabriel
• , Steven Gallinger
• , Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini
• , Jianjiong Gao
• , Shengjie Gao
• , Levi Garraway
• , Øystein Garred
• , Erik Garrison
• , Dale W. Garsed
• , Nils Gehlenborg
• , Josep L. L. Gelpi
• , Joshy George
• , Daniela S. Gerhard
• , Clarissa Gerhauser
• , Jeffrey E. Gershenwald
• , Mark Gerstein
• , Moritz Gerstung
• , Gad Getz
• , Mohammed Ghori
• , Ronald Ghossein
• , Nasra H. Giama
• , Richard A. Gibbs
• , Bob Gibson
• , Anthony J. Gill
• , Pelvender Gill
• , Dilip D. Giri
• , Dominik Glodzik
• , Vincent J. Gnanapragasam
• , Maria Elisabeth Goebler
• , Mary J. Goldman
• , Carmen Gomez
• , Santiago Gonzalez
• , Abel Gonzalez-Perez
• , Dmitry A. Gordenin
• , James Gossage
• , Kunihito Gotoh
• , Ramaswamy Govindan
• , Dorthe Grabau
• , Janet S. Graham
• , Robert C. Grant
• , Anthony R. Green
• , Eric Green
• , Liliana Greger
• , Nicola Grehan
• , Sonia Grimaldi
• , Sean M. Grimmond
• , Robert L. Grossman
• , Adam Grundhoff
• , Gunes Gundem
• , Qianyun Guo
• , Manaswi Gupta
• , Shailja Gupta
• , Ivo G. Gut
• , Marta Gut
• , Jonathan Göke
• , Gavin Ha
• , Andrea Haake
• , David Haan
• , Siegfried Haas
• , Kerstin Haase
• , James E. Haber
• , Nina Habermann
• , Faraz Hach
• , Syed Haider
• , Natsuko Hama
• , Freddie C. Hamdy
• , Anne Hamilton
• , Mark P. Hamilton
• , Leng Han
• , George B. Hanna
• , Martin Hansmann
• , Nicholas J. Haradhvala
• , Olivier Harismendy
• , Ivon Harliwong
• , Arif O. Harmanci
• , Eoghan Harrington
• , Takanori Hasegawa
• , David Haussler
• , Steve Hawkins
• , Shinya Hayami
• , Shuto Hayashi
• , D. Neil Hayes
• , Stephen J. Hayes
• , Nicholas K. Hayward
• , Steven Hazell
• , Yao He
• , Allison P. Heath
• , Simon C. Heath
• , David Hedley
• , Apurva M. Hegde
• , David I. Heiman
• , Michael C. Heinold
• , Zachary Heins
• , Lawrence E. Heisler
• , Eva Hellstrom-Lindberg
• , Mohamed Helmy
• , Seong Gu Heo
• , Austin J. Hepperla
• , José María Heredia-Genestar
• , Carl Herrmann
• , Peter Hersey
• , Julian M. Hess
• , Holmfridur Hilmarsdottir
• , Jonathan Hinton
• , Satoshi Hirano
• , Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
• , Katherine A. Hoadley
• , Asger Hobolth
• , Ermin Hodzic
• , Jessica I. Hoell
• , Steve Hoffmann
• , Oliver Hofmann
• , Andrea Holbrook
• , Aliaksei Z. Holik
• , Michael A. Hollingsworth
• , Oliver Holmes
• , Robert A. Holt
• , Chen Hong
• , Eun Pyo Hong
• , Jongwhi H. Hong
• , Gerrit K. Hooijer
• , Henrik Hornshøj
• , Fumie Hosoda
• , Yong Hou
• , Volker Hovestadt
• , William Howat
• , Alan P. Hoyle
• , Ralph H. Hruban
• , Jianhong Hu
• , Taobo Hu
• , Xing Hua
• , Kuan-lin Huang
• , Mei Huang
• , Mi Ni Huang
• , Vincent Huang
• , Yi Huang
• , Wolfgang Huber
• , Thomas J. Hudson
• , Michael Hummel
• , Jillian A. Hung
• , David Huntsman
• , Ted R. Hupp
• , Jason Huse
• , Matthew R. Huska
• , Barbara Hutter
• , Carolyn M. Hutter
• , Daniel Hübschmann
• , Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue
• , Charles David Imbusch
• , Marcin Imielinski
• , Seiya Imoto
• , William B. Isaacs
• , Keren Isaev
• , Shumpei Ishikawa
• , Murat Iskar
• , S. M. Ashiqul Islam
• , Michael Ittmann
• , Sinisa Ivkovic
• , Jose M. G. Izarzugaza
• , Jocelyne Jacquemier
• , Valerie Jakrot
• , Nigel B. Jamieson
• , Gun Ho Jang
• , Se Jin Jang
• , Joy C. Jayaseelan
• , Reyka Jayasinghe
• , Stuart R. Jefferys
• , Karine Jegalian
• , Jennifer L. Jennings
• , Seung-Hyup Jeon
• , Lara Jerman
• , Yuan Ji
• , Wei Jiao
• , Peter A. Johansson
• , Amber L. Johns
• , Jeremy Johns
• , Rory Johnson
• , Todd A. Johnson
• , Clemency Jolly
• , Yann Joly
• , Jon G. Jonasson
• , Corbin D. Jones
• , David R. Jones
• , David T. W. Jones
• , Nic Jones
• , Steven J. M. Jones
• , Jos Jonkers
• , Young Seok Ju
• , Hartmut Juhl
• , Jongsun Jung
• , Malene Juul
• , Randi Istrup Juul
• , Sissel Juul
• , Natalie Jäger
• , Rolf Kabbe
• , Andre Kahles
• , Abdullah Kahraman
• , Vera B. Kaiser
• , Hojabr Kakavand
• , Sangeetha Kalimuthu
• , Christof von Kalle
• , Koo Jeong Kang
• , Katalin Karaszi
• , Beth Karlan
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• & Christian von Mering

Contributions

K.C.A. and P.A.F. designed the study. K.C.A. and J.R.D. performed the computational analysis. V.T.L., S.C. and J.R.D. performed the Hi-C experiments on SW480, SNU-C1, HCC1954 and OE33 cell lines. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript. R.B. and P.J.C. were working group or project co-leaders.

Corresponding author

Correspondence toP. Andrew Futreal.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

R.B. owns equity in Ampressa Therapeutics, is the chair of the scientific advisory board of and consultant for OrigiMed, has received research funding from Bayer and Ono Pharma, and receives patent royalties from LabCorp. All other authors have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Extended data

Extended Data Fig. 1 Identification of TAD boundaries in different cell types.

a, An example region (chromosome2:132-140 Mb) presenting similar chromatin folding in 5 different cell types. Heatmaps represent Hi-C data for each cell type. Tiles represent TAD boundary calls for each cell type (red: GM12878; green: HUVEC; blue: IMR90; purple: HMEC; orange: NHEK). Triangles depict TAD calls for human ES cells (gray) and IMR90 cell line (gold) from a previous study4. b, Venn diagrams show overlap between current IMR90 boundaries (solid) with boundaries (dashed) identified from a previous study4 for the IMR90 cell line. c, Aggregate plots show average cell-type specific enrichment levels for Hi-C interaction levels (TAD signal), CTCF binding sites, DNAseI hypersensitivity regions and H3K9me3 ChIP-seq levels compared to input DNA around each cell type’s TAD boundaries. d, Overlaps between TAD boundaries among 5 different cell lines. Horizontal bars represent total number of TAD boundaries per cell type. Vertical bars represent number of intersecting boundaries between cell types. Combination matrix (below), circles indicate that denote cell types are part of the intersection for each vertical bars. Common boundaries among all cell types represented with blue vertical bar. e, Histogram represents distribution of TADs length. f, Venn diagrams show overlap between common TAD boundaries and leukemia (K562) cell line TAD boundaries. g, Venn diagrams show overlap between common TAD boundaries and breast cancer (MCF) cell line TAD boundaries.

Extended Data Fig. 2 Distribution of boundary-affecting structural variations in human cancers.

a, Pie charts show the percentages of long-range (>2 Mb) and short-range (< = 2 Mb) for deletions (red), inversions (cyan), duplications (green), complex rearrangements (orange) and chromoplexy events (purple) in all PCAWG samples. b, Histograms show length distribution of all short-range SVs (solid) or Boundary Affecting SVs (dashed) for deletions (red), inversions (cyan), duplications (green) and complex rearrangements (orange) in all PCAWG samples. c, Number of affected boundaries (x-axis) per different short-range SV length cut-offs (y-axis). The size of the circles indicates the portion of BA-SVs affecting the specific number of boundaries for each length scale. BA-deletion, BA-inversions, BA-duplications and BA-complex rearrangements are represented with red, cyan, green and orange colors, respectively. d, Bar charts show TAD-boundary affecting top) deletions (red) and bottom) tandem-duplications (green) in cancer genomes, and in genomes of healthy individuals from three different studies.

Extended Data Fig. 3 Histology-specific features of boundary-affecting structural variations.

a, Box plots show the length (in Kb) distribution of short-range SVs (deletions: red, inversions: cyan, duplications: green) for each cancer histology subtypes[22](/articles/s41588-019-0564-y#ref-CR22 "The ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium. Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-1969-6

             (2020)."). The center line is the median; box limits are the upper and lower quantiles; whiskers represent 1.5x the interquartile range. Number of SVs are indicated by each histology name. **b**, Per sample counts of BA-SVs (top) and total SV (bottom) events for breast adenocarcinoma cohort. Deletion, inversions, tandem-duplications and complex rearrangements are represented with red, cyan, green and orange colors, respectively. Each bar represents a samples and samples are sorted by the number of BA-SV events.

Extended Data Fig. 4 Further investigation of histology-specific features of boundary-affecting structural variations.

a, Distribution of average long-range (length of SV>2 Mb) structural variations (deletion (dashed-red), inversion (dashed-cyan), duplication (dashed-green) and complex rearrangements (dashed-orange)) per sample for each cancer histology subtypes. b, A recurrently deleted TAD boundary in colorectal adenocarcinoma samples near to the RBFOX1 gene. Colored bars on top depict chromosomal locations of the boundaries. Columns of the heatmap are TAD boundaries and rows represent each colorectal adenocarcinoma sample. TAD boundaries affected by BA-deletions are colored in red. Schematic below show the deleted boundary (red box) near to the RBFOX1 gene. c, Distributions of total SV burden (deletions: red, inversions: cyan, duplications: green, complex: orange) across chromosomes. d, Distributions of boundary affecting SVs across chromosomes.

Extended Data Fig. 5 Distribution of structural variation burden in different cancer histology subtypes.

a, Distribution of boundary-affecting (top) and total (bottom) SVs (deletions: red, inversions: cyan, duplications: green, complex: orange) across chromosomes in each cancer histology subtypes[22](/articles/s41588-019-0564-y#ref-CR22 "The ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium. Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-1969-6

             (2020).").

Extended Data Fig. 6 Examples of genomic alterations that potentially affect CTCF-CTCF chromatin folding loops.

a-b, Potentially affected insulated neighborhoods a, in esophageal, gastric and colon adenocarcinoma samples near to the CLCN4 gene and b, in liver-HCC and breast cancers near to BCL6 gene. Black boxes show TAD boundaries, arcs represent CTCF ChIA-PET loops observed in three different cell types (gray). CTCF ChIP-Seq (from NHEK cell line) signal is represented by purple histogram. Red vertical bars depict deletions in individual samples.

Extended Data Fig. 7 Classification of TADs based on the epigenetic landscape.

a, Box plots show length distributions of different TAD annotations. Heterochromatin: 61; Low: 705; Repressed: 481; Low-Active: 764; Active: 365. In these and all other boxplots in subsequent figures, the center line is the median; box limits are the upper and lower quantiles; whiskers represent 1.5x the interquartile range. b, Pie chart represents percent of mappable genome covered by each TAD annotation. c, Box plots represent median expression level (RPKM) for a gene residing in a given TAD annotation for GTEX consortia dataset. Number of genes in each annotation group: heterochromatin: 624; low: 2874; repressed: 3690; low-active: 4319; active: 4578. d, Box plots represent replication timing (Repli-Seq) values divided by domain length (in Kb) for each TAD annotations. Heterochromatin: 61; Low: 705; Repressed: 481; Low-Active: 764; Active: 365. e, Bar plots show percent of a TAD annotation covered by open (orange) or closed (black) chromatin domains calls from a previous study37 across different TCGA cancer types.

Extended Data Fig. 8 The majority of the domain disruptions do not result in drastic gene expression changes.

a, Occurrence of different SV types between domain types. Significance of the observed numbers calculated based on the expected distribution which is based on randomly shuffled boundary data, cumulative distribution of expected overlaps, z-scores were calculated based on observed number and obtained distribution from this bootstrapping exercise A two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test was used to calculate p-values. Significantly enriched (E) or depleted (D) numbers are denoted next to the numbers. b, Box plots show log2 fold-change for the genes nearest to BA-deletions between repressed-repressed (n: 19; blue; left) or active-active (n: 36; red; right) domains. In these and all other boxplots in subsequent figures, the center line is the median; box limits are the upper and lower quantiles; whiskers represent 1.5x the interquartile range. c, Box plots show log2 fold-change for the genes nearest to BA-duplication (n: 1008) and BA-complex (n: 617) break-ends on different domain types. Here ‘less’ or ‘more’ transcriptionally active refers to the ordering of domain annotations in Fig. 4a (that is a low domain is considered less compared to a repressed domain). Fold change was calculated based on the gene’s expression in the sample harboring the BA-SV compared to the rest of the samples in the same cancer type. d, Observed (arrows) and expected distribution (histograms) of SVs between constitutive LADs and interLADs. The expected distribution is based on randomly shuffled LAD and interLADs. e, Box plots show log2 fold-change for the genes nearest to deletion (n: 50), duplication (n: 66) and complex (n: 39) SVs between constitutive LAD and interLADs.

Extended Data Fig. 9 Cell-type specific alterations of chromatin folding patterns by different structural variation types.

a, Pie chart represents the ratio of BA-SVs with detectable changes in Hi-C data from HCC1954, OE33, SNU-C1, SW480 cell lines. b, Average contact enrichment between break-ends of BA-SVs in cancerous and non-cancerous cell. Interactions between break-ends of BA-SVs longer than 1 Mb in length were included in this analysis. Breast epithelial cell line (HMEC) Hi-C data was used to represent non-cancerous cell interaction profile as the majority of BA-SVs in this analysis (56.3%) was detected in breast adenocarcinoma cell line (HCC1954). c, Examples of shortest BA-SVs with detectable changes in Hi-C maps and an SV with no detectable changes in Hi-C maps. Contact frequencies (log2) of each cell type, plotted with a 20KB (SW480) and 40Kb (HCC1954) window size. Arcs below represent SV breakpoint locations with rearrangements coded by color. Green: tandem duplication; red: deletion; cyan and purple: inversion. (Left) an 460Kb long duplication in SW480 cells; (middle) an 800 kb long deletion in HCC1954 cells; (right) a duplication overlapping with a translocation in HCC1954 cells resulted in no apparent contact map change. d-f) Represented regions for the effects of ‘simple’ genomic rearrangements on chromatin folding domains: d, A deletion on chromosome 4 in OE33 cells; e, A duplication on chromosome 14 in HCC1954 cells; f, A large inversion and a small deletion on chromosome 8 in SNU-C1 cells. g, A duplication (green arc) in SW480 cells results in a TAD-like formation on chromosome 4. Below histograms show CTCF and H3K27AC ChIP-Seq data from NHEK and SW480 cell lines, respectively. Red dashed line denotes the location of distinct genomic regions.

Extended Data Fig. 10 Specificity and reproducibility of chromatin organization alterations in cancer cell lines.

a, Hi-C data around the neoTAD regions demonstrated in Fig. 5c and Supplementary Fig 10g in all cell lines. b, A smaller window of chromosome 15 represented in Fig. 5d which depicts a massive chromothripsis event covering all of the chromosome15 in SNU-C1 cell line. c, Biological reproducibility of SV’s effect on chromatin folding patterns represented for each Hi-C replicates of cell lines. Contact frequencies (log2) of each cell type, plotted with a 40Kb window size. Arcs below represent SV breakpoint locations with rearrangements coded by color. Green: tandem duplication; red: deletion; cyan and purple: inversion.

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Akdemir, K.C., Le, V.T., Chandran, S. et al. Disruption of chromatin folding domains by somatic genomic rearrangements in human cancer.Nat Genet 52, 294–305 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0564-y

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• Received: 20 December 2017
• Accepted: 03 December 2019
• Published: 05 February 2020
• Issue Date: 02 March 2020
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0564-y