earthjournals publisher - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by earthjournals publisher

Microspheres constitute an important part of novel drug delivery system by virtue of their small ... more Microspheres constitute an important part of novel drug delivery system by virtue of their small size and efficient carrier capacity. Microspheres are characteristically free flowing powders consisting of proteins or synthetic polymers having a particle size ranging from 1-1000 µm. The range of Techniques for the preparation of microspheres offers a Variety of opportunities to control aspects of drug administration and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of a given drug. There are various approaches in delivering a therapeutic substance to the target site in a sustained controlled release fashion. One such approach is using microspheres as carriers for drugs also known as micro particles. It is the reliable means to deliver the drug to the target site with specificity, if modified, and to maintain the desired concentration at the site of interest. Microspheres received much attention not only for prolonged release, but also for targeting of anticancer drugs. The purpose of the review is to compile various types of microspheres used in the formulation of microsphere drug delivery system and its applications

Sexual dysfunction (SD) or male impotence is defined as the inability to have or sustain an erect... more Sexual dysfunction (SD) or male impotence is defined as the inability to have or sustain an erection long The employment of natural polymers in sustained and controlled drug delivery systems continues to be a field of research. Rosin is on such polymer which is a clear or semi-transparent thermoplastic solid. It occurs naturally in oleoresins of pine tree (Pinus soxburghi and Pinus toeda, family Pinaceae). Rosin and its derivatives have been pharmaceutically evaluated as microencapsulating materials, film forming agent and as binding agent in formulation of tablets. They are also employed in formulation of chewing gum bases and cosmetics. Reader can get surely the glimpses of its pharmaceutical versatility. This article focuses a general idea regarding rosin and its polymer derivatives.

Vaginal varix, located in the vaginal and periurethral wall,are reported less frequently.Vaginal ... more Vaginal varix, located in the vaginal and periurethral wall,are reported less frequently.Vaginal varix in non-pregnant state does not exibit a serious threat; however, during pregnancy, the spontaneous lacerration of the vaginal varix can cause significant blood loss. Here we report a case of vaginal varix during pregnancy and the varix was detected after completion of emergency cesarean section during speculum examination of vagina to rule out traumatic cause of primary PPH. Haemostatic suture was given to stop bleeding from varix.Post operative period was uneventful. At 6weeks postpartum evaluation the speculum examination of vagina showed the complete disappearance of vaginal varix.

Non cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome consist of severe dysponea of rapid... more Non cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome consist of severe dysponea of rapid onset, hypoxemia & diffuse pulmonary infiltrate leading to respiratory failure. Many cases of pulmonary edema have been reported secondary to aspirin ingestion.Chest skiagram demonstrated bilateral perihilar fluffy opacities in the lungs with normal cardiac size excluding cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Here we present an unusual case of non -cardiogenic pulmonary edema following cesarean section due to prolonged use of aspirin during antenatal period. Thus aspirin therapy should be considered as a rare cause in the differential diagnosis of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema with a normal size heart.The pulmonary edema resolved gradually over 7 days.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections both in community and ho... more Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections both in community and hospital setting. Current knowledge on etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is essential for appropriate treatment and control of drug resistance.To determine bacteriological profile and antibiogram of community acquired UTI (CA-UTI) and hospital acquired UTI (HA-UTI). Midstream urine samples from patients suspected of UTIs were collected for routine culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing and were processed according to standard laboratory methods. 32.66% urine samples showed significant bacterial growth. E.coli was predominant isolate in both CA-UTI (46.91%) and HA -UTI (38.77%). UTIs were found more common in females (63.37%) than in males (36.62%) and in age group of 21-30 years. Imipenem (94.44%), piperacillin -tazobactam (83.33%), amikacin (80.24%) and nitrofurantoin (79.43%) were found to be the most effective drugs against gram negative organisms. For gram positive organisms, vancomycin (100%), linezolid (100%), nitrofurantoin (98.52%) and amikacin (84.78%) were the most effective antibiotics. The prevalence of Extended Spectrum β Lactamases, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci and High Level Aminoglycoside Resistant Enterococci in CA-UTI was 37.62%, 26.31%, 55.55% and 33.33% respectively and in HA-UTI, it was 31.14%, 36.36%, 57.14% and 61.53% respectively. Our study revealed presence of multidrug resistance among uropathogens. Nitrofurantoin can be used as first line drug for the empirical treatment. Parentral drugs such as carbapenems, aminoglycosides and piperacillin-tazobactam can be used as drug of choice for complicated UTIs. Urine culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing is strongly recommended before starting treatment of UTIs.

Adverse Drug Reactions(ADRs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.The objective... more Adverse Drug Reactions(ADRs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.The objectives of the present study were a) to find out the prevalence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the rural field practice areas by active surveillanceand b)to study the profile of ADRs detected and the probable factors contributing to the same. This was a cross-sectional study where the internswent house to house for interviews in two villages of Karnataka namelyMallasandra and Kannamangala over a period of two months.If any ADRs were detected, the details were entered into the CDSCO suspect ADR forms provided by the Pharmacovigilance unit. 201 families in Mallasandra and 323 families in Kanamangala participated in this study covering 2,138 population.About 70 % belonged to the age group of 15-60 years, 20% to the age group less than 15 years and 10% were above 60years.Adult males(52.9%) were more than females but among children there were more females (52.8%).There were 52(5.7%) of participants in Mallasandra and 14(1.1%) in Kannamangala who consumed medicines in the previous two months. Out of these 66 participants, 4(7.7%) and 1(7.1%) developed ADRs in Mallasandra and Kannamangala respectively.Among these 4 were adult females and one was an adult male. They were of mild to moderate intensity and none were serious reactions.There were no ADRs among the childrenThe suspect drugs were Metformin, Clopidogrel, Telmisartan, Hydrochlorothiazide, Escitalopram and Glimeperide. Active surveillance can be a useful tool to detect ADRs in the rural areas.There is a need to inform the treating doctors about ADRs and reporting them to the concerned authority. There is also a need to bring about awareness in the community to avail urgent treatment in health facilities in the event of any ADRs.

2. Professor, Department of anaesthesiology, Yenepoya medical college and hospital, Deralakatte, ... more 2. Professor, Department of anaesthesiology, Yenepoya medical college and hospital, Deralakatte, Mangalore. 3. Professor and head of department, Department of anaesthesiology, Yenepoya medical college and hospital, Deralakatte , Mangalore 4. Post graduate 2nd year, Department of anaesthesiology, Yenepoya medical college and hospital, Deralakatte, Mangalore.

To study the incidence and to identify prenatal factors which could influence the development and... more To study the incidence and to identify prenatal factors which could influence the development and progression of ROP. A hospital-based, prospective observational study was conducted at neonatal intensive care unit and ophthalmology unit in which babies <32 weeks and <1500gms were included. Preterm infants were screened by paediatric ophthalmologist using indirect opthalmoscopy and retinopathy was graded following the International Classification of ROP. Prenatal risk factors for ROP were assessed by univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis. Seventy four infants entered in this case study. incidence of ROP was 35.1%. In univariate model lower birth weight (p<0.001), lower gestational age (p<0.001), chorioamnionitis (p<0.001), multiple births (p<0.004), antepartum hemorrhage (p<0.01), was associated with a higher incidence of retinopathy of prematurity. In multiple regression model only gestational age (p<0.001) found significant. Chorioamnionitis,Multiple births,Lower gestatinal age and lower birth weight are associated with a greater incidence retinopathy of prematurity. These factors must be prevented and more care for early detection of retinopathy should be conducted.

Nerve conduction study plays an important role in the evaluation of patients with neuromuscular d... more Nerve conduction study plays an important role in the evaluation of patients with neuromuscular disorders. The measurement of nerve conduction can prove a useful tool in the assessment of extent of lesion and post treatment evaluation if any. Kashmiris form distinct ethnic group with different food habits that encourage development of different diseases responsible for peripheral neuropathies. The present study is first of its kind for Kashmiri population is hoped to provide a useful baseline data of normal values of conduction velocity in the commonly tested nerves of upper limb which will helpful to the clinician. This can be of use to evaluate the patients with peripheral nerve abnormalities who reside in this particular geographic set-up. Nerve conduction studies were performed prospectively in upper limbs of 300 carefully screened healthy volunteers between the ages of 15 and 70 years using standardized techniques. The normal values for motor nerve conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve in normal Kashmiri population were 55.08±4.98 meters/sec for male and 55.71±4.53 meters/sec for females. The motor nerve conduction velocity decreases with advancing age above 40 years. On comparing the average motor nerve conduction velocity in order to determine the effect of sex, it was revealed that there is some variation between two sexes but is statistically insignificant P >0.20.

Gastric carcinoma is the third most common malignancy in the gastrointestinal tract. Unusual site... more Gastric carcinoma is the third most common malignancy in the gastrointestinal tract. Unusual sites of tumor metastases are seen with the present advancement in cancer therapeutics. Gastric carcinoma metastasis to cerebrospinal fluid is one such unusual site. We report a case of carcinomatous meningitis in a gastric carcinoma, an unusual involvement. 57 year old male came with complaints of weight loss and loss of appetite since 2 months. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed an ulceroproliferative growth at the pylorus with stasis of food. Biopsy was taken and it was reported as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Following this, the tumor was resected and a feeding jejunostomy was done. On the 4 th post op day, the patient complained of headache, nausea, vomiting and became drowsy. A diagnostic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tap was done which showed malignant cells. MRI showed diffuse meningeal enhancement. Intrathecal chemotherapy was planned; however patient worsened further and succumbed to illness on the 10 th post op day.

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a extremely common condition affecting 25 to 50% of all neonates a... more Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a extremely common condition affecting 25 to 50% of all neonates and higher percentage of preterm babies [1] . the shortening of hospital stay to less than 48 hours makes monitoring of jaundice challenging as peak bilirubin levels occur after 48 hours. [2] A non-invasive method to estimate serum bilirubin in babies is of enormous benefit, and one such device is JM-103 jaundice meter.We conducted this study to know the correlation between serum bilirubin(TSB) and jaundice estimated by this instrument on forehead(TCB) and midsternum(TCBS) ,which are recommended sites.A convenience sample of 100 term neonates who underwent simultaneous serum bilirubin(TSB) and transcutaneous bilirubinometry(TCB and TCBS) for clinical jaundice were included in the study. Demographic data, day of life and bilirubin values by both the methods were collected in proforma prepared in epi info . statistical analysis was done to know the correlation coefficients and agreement was analysed by bland-altman error plot. [3] TCB values had a statistically significant linear correlation with TSB , for forehead r=0.891 , and for midsternum r=0.874 (p<0.001).mean error for TCB :+0.661 and TCBS:+0.535mg/dl. the JM-103 jaundice meter is very useful non-invasive device to screen for hyperbilirubinemia in our population of term neonates.

Obesity and overweight is an important emerging pediatric public health problem in childhood. Hyp... more Obesity and overweight is an important emerging pediatric public health problem in childhood. Hypertension is a major co morbidity associated with it along with gender related variations. The study was undertaken in the department of Pediatrics of Dr SMCSI Medical College Thiruvananthapuram with the aim to evaluate the relationship of body mass index with age adjusted blood pressure and gender in high school children of rural South Kerala. A total of 1000 children with equal boys and girls were recruited for the study. Of all the children of age group 13 to 17 years, the incidence of obesity was 3.5%. Girls outnumbered the boys in obesity with 4% compared to 3.5%. The mean Body Mass Index in girls was 21.9 statistically significant compared to boys (21.3)( P value 0.001). The age wise mean BMI and mean systolic BP along with diastolic BP was also significant . The mean systolic BP of girls(114 mm Hg) was greater than that of boys(113.2) mm Hg (P value 0.025). The mean diastolic BP of girls (72.9 mm Hg) was greater than that of boys(72.2 mm Hg (P value 0.057). A statistically significant positive correlation was seen in both systolic and diastolic BP with BMI of each age group. A positive correlation was also seen in males and females with systolic and diastolic BP with BMI in each age group. The study highlights the importance of the measurement of BP and BMI in all school children especially in adolescent age group.

Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is a serious disorder resulting from platelet antigen incomp... more Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is a serious disorder resulting from platelet antigen incompatibility between the mother and the fetus. Intracranial bleeding is the most serious complication of alloimmune thrombocytopenia and can result in severe disability and death . The authors report a case of intracerebralhemorrhage resulting from alloimmune thrombocytopenia.

Multiple Hereditary Exostoses (MHE) is an autosomal dominant orthopaedic disorder most frequently... more Multiple Hereditary Exostoses (MHE) is an autosomal dominant orthopaedic disorder most frequently caused by mutations in the ext1 gene. It is a very rare kind of disorder having occurrence as 1/50000 individuals. It is a condition in which people develop multiple benign (noncancerous) bone tumors called exostoses. Exostosin protein is found to be mutated in such affected patients. This exostosin gene locus has been identified at three different chromosomes i.e. ext1 at chromosome 8q23-24, 5; ext2 to chromosome 11p11-p12, 6 and ext3 to chromosome 19p. This present study was an attempt to identify the chromosomal aberrations of ext1, ext2 and ext3 genes at chromosomes 8, 11 and 19 through karyotyping analysis. The chromosomal analysis reveals a normal karyotype and hence further molecular techniques like FISH, or MLPA or dHPLC has to be used to determine the mutations.

The present study was conducted on 70 medical students (35 males and females each ), in the age g... more The present study was conducted on 70 medical students (35 males and females each ), in the age group of 18 to 21 years, to assess the effect of fifteen days moderate physical training on the autonomic nervous system functions. . The age, sex, height, weight, body surface area of the subjects were recorded. The subjects were made to undergo supervised physical training in form of bicycling on a stationary bicycle ergometer for a period of fifteen days various tests and parameters were assessed for sympathetic and parasympathetic activity before the training and after the training.

Role of food as an agent for improving health has proposed a new class of food, called functional... more Role of food as an agent for improving health has proposed a new class of food, called functional food, with positive effects on host health and /or well-being beyond their nutritional value. In the early 1980's, the Japanese were the first to recognize dairy components as having significant contributions to "physiologically functional foods." They have been associated with health benefits containing bioactive peptides, probiotic bacteria, antioxidants, vitamins, specific proteins, oligosaccharides, organic acids, highly absorbable calcium, conjugated linoleic acid and other biologically active components with an array of bioactivities: modulating digestive and gastrointestinal functions, haemodynamics, controlling probiotic microbial growth and immunoregulation. Consumers increasing interest for maintaining or improving their health by eating these specific food products has led to the development of many new functional dairy products. These dairy products contain many functional ingredients that decrease the absorption of cholesterol, can significantly reduce blood pressure, play role in the regulation of satiety, food intake and obesity-related metabolic disorders and may exert antimicrobial effects. This paper reviews and discusses some of the latest findings regarding the role of milk and dairy products as functional foods.

The present study evaluates the Anti-larvacidal of methanolic extract of Cassia occidentalis leaf... more The present study evaluates the Anti-larvacidal of methanolic extract of Cassia occidentalis leaf, Bamboosa Vulgaris and Mukundus Saprossi at various concentrations against malarial vector. The various plant extracts exhibited larvacidal activity at different time intervals (24 hrs and 48 hrs). The mosquito larva of LC 50 and LC 90 values of Cassia occidentalis for I instar larvae 60.69%, 119.74%, the II instar 64.76%, 121.60%, III instar 67.78%, 123.35%, IV instar 70.56%, 122.81% and pupa 92.21%, 162.52% respectively.

Milk production is a complex physiologic process involving physical and emotional factors and the... more Milk production is a complex physiologic process involving physical and emotional factors and the interaction of multiple hormones. Galactogogues are medications or other substances believed to assist initiation, maintenance, or augmentation of milk production in animals. Most galactagogues (e.g., medications, foods, herbal therapies etc.) exert their pharmacologic effects through interactions with dopamine receptors, resulting in increased prolactin levels and thereby augmenting milk supply. Numerous botanicals have been used as galactagogue in folk medicine. The most commonly used are:

The present study deals with the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using fresh fruit pulp o... more The present study deals with the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using fresh fruit pulp of Coleus forskohlii. Silver nanoparticles were formed within 2 hours from aqueous solution of AgNO 3 (20 mM) using chloroform extract of fresh fruit pulp of Coleus forskohlii. The aqueous silver ions when exposed to extract was reduced and resulted in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles ranges from 20-50 nm. The bioreduced silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Visible spectrophotometer, FTIR spectrometer, Field Emission Gun-Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive spectroscopy. Further these biologically synthesized nanoparticles were found to be highly toxic against different multi drug resistant human pathogens.