Ronald O Obwoge | Egerton University (original) (raw)

Papers by Ronald O Obwoge

International Journal of Gastroenterology, 2020

Teenage pregnancy is on the rise globally especially in developing countries. There are many the ... more Teenage pregnancy is on the rise globally especially in developing countries. There are many the health related challenges that pregnant teenagers are exposed to. Pregnant teenagers are prone to health risks that endanger themselves and unborn babies. It is important for healthcare fraternity to be informed of these the health related challenges that are associated with teenage pregnancy. The study aimed to determine the health related challenges that teenage girls visiting Narok County Hospital face. By; (1) determining the health related challenges among pregnant teenagers attending Narok County Hospital. (2) Establishing the level of awareness on modern contraceptive methods among pregnant teenage visiting NCH. To determine health seeking behaviors among pregnant teenagers who visit NCH The study adopted a cross-sectional research study, Interview guide and abstraction sheets to capture data. Interview 41 respondents of whom 35 pregnant teenagers and 6 key informants. The pregnant teenagers were non-medics while the key respondents were medical personnel at different levels but who in their course of work had interacted with pregnant teenagers. The study revealed that 60% of the respondents had experienced health challenges during the course of pregnancy. Of whom majority of the pregnant teenagers had varied number of health challenges during the course of their pregnancy. These findings are quite similar to other studies that have been done globally. Study recommends a more focused antenatal profile for pregnant teenagers and community health program targeting the whole community to prevent teen pregnancies.

Increased cases of nutritional rickets continue to be recorded murang'a County Hospital daily rec... more Increased cases of nutritional rickets continue to be recorded murang'a County Hospital daily records indicated that rickets is commonly encountered among patients aged below 5 years who consult in the hospital. Nevertheless, studies estimating its prevalence and associated risks in the County are limited. The reappearance of rickets in Kenya means that there could be increased dependency resulting from disabilities associated with rickets. Establishing the prevalence of rickets for children age less than five years admitted in

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading causes of death among people living with Human Immune Deficiency... more Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading causes of death among people living with Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) and first presenting sign in majority of people living with HIV. Factors influencing TB among HIV patients on anti retroviral treatment (ART) are not well described in our settings. The study aimed to assess clinical factors influencing occurrence of TB among people living with HIV after ART initiation in Bungoma and Webuye hospitals in Bungoma County. The study population consists of 156 cases and 156 controls. Case control study conducted from January 2017-April 2017 in two public hospitals in Bungoma County. Cases were adult people living with HIV who developed TB after ART initiation and controls were adult people living with HIV who did not develop TB after ART initiation. An interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect information. at 95% CI and variables with p-value of < 0.05 at multivariable logistic regression were considered as significant predictors of the outcome variable. The findings of the study were presented in text and tables. The result of this study shows that after adjusting for potential confounders not being on Isonazid (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 35.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 13.81, 90.20),), having World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stage III/IV (AOR = 15.53; 95% CI: 7.67, 31.47), having interrupted ART (AOR=2.72; 95%CI: 0.35,21.31), were predictors for increase risk of TB in PLWH after ART initiation. Not smoking (AOR=0.31;95%CI:0.13,0.71) had decreases chances of acquiring TB in PLWH after ART initiation. In this study, increasing coverage of isoniazid preventive therapy reduced risk of TB among HIV patients. Study recommends that all PLWH should be screened for TB, but for patients who have advanced disease condition (WHO clinical stage III/IV) intensified screening is highly recommended during treatment follow up.

Over the last few decades there has been a paradigm shift from teacher-centered to student-center... more Over the last few decades there has been a paradigm shift from teacher-centered to student-centered learning. The teachers have been more of facilitator ensuring learning objectives are met. Problem Based Learning (PBL) is considered one of the most favorable method in Student-Centered learning. From this point of view Moi University adopted the PBL. This study aims to assess the lecturers' knowledge and perception regarding problem-based learning (PBL). Participants were 65 lecturers in the College of Health Sciences. Self-administered questionnaires were used in data collection. Data analysis done utilizing SPSS 22. The overall response rate was 100 % (N=65), 38% (25) had PBL knowledge at joining program, 34 (52%) viewed program graduates as independent, innovative and creative. While on SPICES model 19 (29%) believe made students lifelong learners and 12 (19%) creates teamwork spirit among the students and 75% of the lecturers anticipated to be trained. Also results indicated, lecturers did not prefer mixed method of teaching compared to problem-based learning (PBL) not statistically significant(p<0.05). A medium proportion of lecturers had good knowledge of PBL a high number with favorable attitudes towards PBL. Training courses by the college should be considered for the staff that had not previously been trained using PBL.

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) which is transmi... more Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) which is transmitted through the air or by ingesting infected milk or meat (bovine Tb). It is major public health problem worldwide. The study sought to determine factors contributing to patient defaulting to tuberculosis treatment in Nakuru East and West Sub-Counties, Nakuru County. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study design. The target populations were patients who had defaulted TB treatment in various health facilities of Nakuru East and West Sub-Counties, Nakuru County. They were estimated to be 70 clients according to District Health Information System, 2015. The study utilized convenient sampling method to access the respondents among the traced TB defaulters. Interview schedule was used as data collection tool. Data collected was analyzed by use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 and presented by use of tables. The study result found that majority of the respondents was male 38 (90.5%) while the minority was female 4 (4%). Counseling services to were; 7 (16.7%) only counseled during the first visit for treatment, 17 (40.5%) on each visit, 13 (31%) once a while 5 (11.9%) were never counseled 26 (61.9%) of the respondents were casual laborers, 3 (7.1%) were self-employed, 3 (7.1%) were employed and 7 (16.7%) were dependants and that 2 (9.5%) of the respondents believed that TB can be cured using traditional medicine while 40 (90.5%) did not belief that. The study recommends that health education should be intensified within the communities, focusing on all the TB patients to be intensified, particularly at the beginning of treatment, with reinforcement at each visit using the local language. This intensification should be comprehensive to include duration of treatment, possible side effects and how to deal with them, consequences of not completing TB treatment and the dangers of using traditional medicines during TB treatment.

Admission into Kenyan public universities' medical schools is either by Kenya Universities and Co... more Admission into Kenyan public universities' medical schools is either by Kenya Universities and Colleges Central Placement Service (KUCCPS) or individual universities and their senates on self-sponsorship programmes (SSP) basis. The KUCCPS selected students have strong O-level grades in all subjects, with specific cluster science subjects and cumulative points. The SSP students need to have minimum university entry requirements and met cluster subjects for admission unto the medicine and surgery (MBCHB) programme. The study aimed to compare the performance of medical students based on sponsorship (KUCCPS and SSP). The study utilized ex post facto research design for Retrospective record review (3R) of 272 medical students of academic year 2007/08, 2008/09 and 2009/10 as cohort classes (accessible population) of Egerton University and Moi University. The Population was Public Universities' Medical students (MBChB) who had been examined at both preclinical and clinical course levels. A Data sheet document was used to capture study data. The performance analysis used the t-test and Pearson product-moment correlation on Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study results indicate that sponsorship factor does not influence students' performance at preclinical courses at MU (P=0.120) though does influence at EU (P=0.004), while at clinical courses it influences students' performance at both schools of MU (P=0.005) and EU (P=0.005) medical schools. Basing on the findings the Sponsorship factor does not predict performance in clinical courses at MU though it does influence preclinical courses performance at EU and clinical courses at both MU and EU medical schools. Sponsorship factor influence on student's academic performance in preclinical and clinical courses is not the same at MU and EU.

Instructional Media are the means for transmitting or delivering messages and in teaching-learnin... more Instructional Media are the means for transmitting or delivering messages and in teaching-learning perspective delivering content to the learners, to achieve effective instruction. Media can be used effectively in formal situation where students are working independently or teacher is working with other group of students. Understanding the importance of effectively utilizing the Instructional Media in any teaching/learning process cannot be over emphasized. Instructional media enhance facilitation and make teaching/learning easy, lively and concrete. This paper is desktop research a review on: (1) types and classification of instructional media used in training health professionals. Eight types of instructional media generally used by the teachers, comprising: (a) students; (b) realia; (c) pictures; (d) course books; (e) boards; (f) Overhead projectors(OHP); (g) Flipcharts; (h) computer based. Each of them is used in various ways. (2) Uses of instructional media (material) (3) benefits of instructional media utilization. (4) Selection criteria for instructional media. (5) Steps in producing/selecting the visual media. (6) Advantages of using locally produced instructional materials. (7) Advantages of using instructional Media. (8) Challenges of using instructional media. (9) Challenges teachers face in both process of selecting and using instructional media. (10) Strategy used to solve the problems during selection process in utilizing available media.

Admission into Kenyan public universities' medical schools is either by Kenya Universities and Co... more Admission into Kenyan public universities' medical schools is either by Kenya Universities and Colleges Central Placement Service (KUCCPS) or individual universities and their senates on self-sponsorship programmes (SSP) basis. The KUCCPS selected students have strong O-level grades in all subjects, with specific cluster science subjects and cumulative points. The SSP students need to have minimum university entry requirements and cluster subjects for admission unto the medicine and surgery (MBCHB) programme. The study aimed to compare the relationship between Medical Student's KCSE grade and their performance in preclinical and clinical levels at Medical schools of Egerton University (EU) and Moi University (MU). The study utilized ex post facto research design for Retrospective record review (3R) of medical students of academic year 2007/08, 2008/09 and 2009/10 as cohort classes of Egerton University and Moi University. This study was conducted in Egerton University and Moi University, medical schools. Both Universities admit medical students sponsored by KUCCPS and SSP students. This study's Population was Public Universities' Medical students (MBChB) who had been examined at both preclinical and clinical course levels. Students of academic years 2007/08, 2008/09 and 2009/10 were the accessible population. Admission characteristic were an independent variable and academic performance a dependent variable. This study used a Data sheet document to capture data from Academic Records offices. The students' performance at preclinical and clinical courses is not influenced by their KCSE grades at admission at MU and EU. KCSE English and Chemistry grades positively impact on preclinical performances. Biology, Mathematics, Kiswahili and Chemistry positively influence performance in Clinical courses. Performance in Preclinical courses like Medical Biochemistry, Medical Physiology, and Pathology can predict performance in clinical courses. The diploma program (in-service) does not influence performance in preclinical courses as it does in clinical courses. Performance in preclinical courses is a predictor for performance in clinical courses. KCSE aggregate grade at admission has no influence on students' performance in preclinical and clinical courses at MU and EU. The study recommends). Medical schools to consider an open entry Examination system for applicants who meet minimum cluster requirements regardless of the KCSE aggregate grade. Consider development of in-service curriculum that may allow the diploma holder to take track at clinical years.

In the last few years, there have been remarkable innovations in the field of Nursing education a... more In the last few years, there have been remarkable innovations in the field of Nursing education and practice where education has experienced paradigm shift from being a traditional teacher-centered process to one that is student-centered. Nurses globally, are required by their professional bodies to maintain a professional portfolio to reflect on their own development of knowledge and skills over time and present evidence of competencies for career development.With the advent of online learning, e-portfolios have become popular than showcase portfolios with the advantage that in e-portfolio reflection is involved. This article is desk top research that reviewed several related literature. The study aimed at determining portfolio development as a method of learning, assessment and evaluation in clinical Nursing Education in Kenya. Students perceive portfolios as a representation of gathered and presented hard evidence and specific data about ones' learning. The study identified challenges in development of portfolios as; reluctance of the student to engage in selfreflection and time-consuming aspect of compiling, lack of writing skills and ethical issues. In conclusion, the use of a clinical portfolio by students demonstrate the uniqueness, empowerment and self -evaluative control. Therefore, the clinical portfolio has been seen to be responsive to student needs through self -directedness in constructing one's learning and creating meaning from their clinical knowledge within the practice environment.

The study was to determine the factors associated to non-adherence to TB treatment at individual,... more The study was to determine the factors associated to non-adherence to TB treatment at individual, health care provider, facility and community levels. A cross sectional descriptive survey study was conducted in Baringo County (urban and rural areas), Kenya. Data collection was done using developed self-administered questionnaire and interview schedules and checklist. Respondents were be traced through TB patient defaulters registers and health workers. Convenience sampling was employed. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20. The study found that non adherence to treatment was both at treatment phases as; intensive (46%) and continuation (54%). Amongst the smoking patients 45% associate it with non-adherence, 58% associated their drinking habit with non-adherence. 53% of patients who walk, 41% of defaulters associated symptoms relieve during treatment with non-adherence, 52% associated their non-adherence with their forgetfulness or carelessness. Defaulting was associated with both patient, health care delivery patterns and socio-cultural factors.

International Journal of Gastroenterology, 2020

Admission into Kenyan public universities' medical schools is either by Kenya Universities and Co... more Admission into Kenyan public universities' medical schools is either by Kenya Universities and Colleges Central Placement Service (KUCCPS) or individual universities and their senates on self-sponsorship programmes (SSP) basis. The KUCCPS selected students have strong O-level grades in all subjects, with specific cluster science subjects and cumulative points. The SSP students need to have minimum university entry requirements and cluster subjects for admission unto the medicine and surgery (MBCHB) programme. The study aimed to compare the relationship between Medical Student's KCSE grade and their performance in preclinical and clinical levels at Medical schools of Egerton University (EU) and Moi University (MU). The study utilized ex post facto research design for Retrospective record review (3R) of medical students of academic year 2007/08, 2008/09 and 2009/10 as cohort classes of Egerton University and Moi University. This study was conducted in Egerton University and Moi University, medical schools. Both Universities admit medical students sponsored by KUCCPS and SSP students. This study's Population was Public Universities' Medical students (MBChB) who had been examined at both preclinical and clinical course levels. Students of academic years 2007/08, 2008/09 and 2009/10 were the accessible population. Admission characteristic were an independent variable and academic performance a dependent variable. This study used a Data sheet document to capture data from Academic Records offices. The students' performance at preclinical and clinical courses is not influenced by their KCSE grades at admission at MU and EU. KCSE English and Chemistry grades positively impact on preclinical performances. Biology, Mathematics, Kiswahili and Chemistry positively influence performance in Clinical courses. Performance in Preclinical courses like Medical Biochemistry, Medical Physiology, and Pathology can predict performance in clinical courses. The diploma program (in-service) does not influence performance in preclinical courses as it does in clinical courses. Performance in preclinical courses is a predictor for performance in clinical courses. KCSE aggregate grade at admission has no influence on students' performance in preclinical and clinical courses at MU and EU. The study recommends). Medical schools to consider an open entry Examination system for applicants who meet minimum cluster requirements regardless of the KCSE aggregate grade. Consider development of in-service curriculum that may allow the diploma holder to take track at clinical years.