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alare

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/09/24 20:58 UTC 版)

語源 1

Uncertain. Attested in the Reichenau Glossary. Multiple etymologies have been proposed. Traditionally ambulāre has been regarded as the etymon, possibly via a contracted form *amlāre, with the contraction perhaps due to its use as a military command. However, this is problematic for several reasons. Others have proposed an origin in a Gaulish *aliu, from Proto-Celtic *ɸal-. Compare Welsh elwyf (“I may go”), Cornish ellev (“I may go”), from full grade *ɸel-. A third proposal is that alāre was back-formed from allātus, past participle of afferre, thanks to a reflexive construction like se afferre (literally “carry oneself to”). French s'est allé, for instance, would then be a continuation of *[se allātus est]. All of its attested descendants are (and so presumably alāre was as well) suppletive with vādere, which supplies the present singular and third-person plural, and with īre often supplying the future and conditional forms. Compare the contemporary synonym andāre.

派生した語

参照

  1. ^ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “ambŭlare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 24: Refonte A–Aorte, page 427
  2. ^ 1939, D. A. Paton, On the origin of aller, in Studies in French Language and Mediaeval Literature, page 301: The opinion that ambulare is the origin of aller has been and is held by so many eminent etymologists that it is with some diffidence I venture to suggest another source. [...] By these suggestions I am not attempting to prove that aller and ambler are of different origin, but only to show that such a theory is not only possible, but probable. The real and to my mind insuperable objection to ambulare as the source of aller is the phonetic question, and here we find that the supporters of ambulare, in explaining its unique development, arrive at their common conclusion by entirely different routes. Ducange would take aller as coming from ambler. Schuchardt's reasoning is as follows: – ambulare to *ammulare to *amlare to aller. [...] More recently, Meyer-Lübke's view is that ambulare was simply contracted to *allare, the contraction being particularly natural in the imperative mood. Gammillscheg also points out that ambulate, used in the army as a word of command, would easily be shortened to *alate.
  3. ^ 1934, Eugene F. Parker, A Defense of the Etymology Allatus, Allare, Aller in PMLA, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 1026-1027: The specious supposition that ambulare might have given rise to the various verbs of "going" in the Romance languages "by distortion, as in military commands" is unsatisfactory for two reasons. First, military commands should be clear and distinct (despite one or two notorious cases which will immediately suggest themselves). Second, there is no indication that this verb ever was used in giving commands, for there appear to be no extant copies of drill regulations of the Roman expeditionary forces.
  4. ^ 1773, Charles Vallancey, A Grammar of the Iberno-Celtic, Or Irish Language, page 84: aill, go thou [...] from hence aller the French verb, to go
  5. ^ 1873, Louis A. Languellier, H. M. Monsanto, A practical course with the French language, page 487: "words which [...] belong to the ancient Gallic or Celtic speech [...include] aller, to go"
  6. ^ 1934, Eugene F. Parker, A Defense of the Etymology Allatus, Allare, Aller in PMLA, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 1025-1031

語源 2

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