Halfpenny - Weblio 英和・和英辞典 (original) (raw)

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意味・対訳 (1971‐1985 年の英国通貨制度で)半ペニー、(1971 年以前の英国旧通貨制度で)半ペニー、半ペニー(の価)

音節half・pen・ny 発音記号・読み方

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halfpenny

音節 half・pen・ny 発音記号・読み方 /héɪp(ə)ni/ 発音を聞く

(《複数形》 (1 では) half・pen・nies /héɪp(ə)niz/; (2 では) halfpence)

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Halfpenny (Australian)

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halfpenny

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/09/20 20:03 UTC 版)

語源

From 中期英語 halpeni, halfpeni (“English coin worth half a penny; coin used in biblical times; small foreign coin”), and then either:

from half (“half”) (from 古期英語 healf; ultimate etymology unknown, possible from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to incline”) or *(s)kelH- (“to cut; to separate, split”)) + peni, penni (“English coin; coin used in biblical times; foreign coin; (especially in the plural) cash, money; pennyweight”) (from 古期英語 penning, from Proto-Germanic *panningaz (“coin, penny”); further etymology uncertain); or
from Late 古期英語 halpene, halpenige (which can also be construed as early 中期英語), from healf + penning (see above).

By surface analysis, half +‎ penny.

発音

(Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈheɪp(ə)ni/, (spelling pronunciation) /ˌhɑːfˈpɛni/
(General American) IPA: /ˈheɪp(ə)ni/, (spelling pronunciation) /ˌhæfˈpɛni/
韻: (one pronunciation) -ɛni
ハイフネーション: half‧pen‧ny

名詞

halfpenny (plural halfpennies or halfpence)

(numismatics, historical, also attributive)
1. Senses chiefly with the plural form halfpennies.
  1. (UK) A discontinued English (later British) coin worth half of one penny (old or new).
    Synonyms: (pre-decimal abbreviation) ½d, (decimal abbreviation) ½p
    * c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 197, column 2:
    * 1749, Henry Fielding, “Containing a Scene of Distress, which will Appear Very Extraordinary to Most of Our Readers”, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume V, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book XIII, page 73:
    * 1840, Oliver Goldsmith, “Biography of Oliver Goldsmith”, in Washington Irving, The Life of Oliver Goldsmith, with Selections from His Writings. […], volume I, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 53:
    * a. 1886 (date written), Christmas is Coming; quoted in Georgina F[rederica] Jackson, compiler, “Rhymes and Sayings. [Nursery Rhymes and Children’s Jingles.]”, in Charlotte Sophia Burne, editor, Shropshire Folk-lore: A Sheaf of Gleanings. […], part III, London: Trübner & Co., […], 1886, →OCLC, page 571:
  2. (by extension, Ireland, Scotland) A similar coin formerly used in Ireland and Scotland.
2. Senses chiefly with the plural form halfpence.
  1. (UK) An amount of money that the English (later British) coin was worth.
    * 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 138, column 2:
    * 1760, Oliver Goldsmith, “The Editor’s Preface”, in The Citizen of the World; or Letters from a Chinese Philosopher, […], volume II, London: […] [F]or the author; and sold by J. Newbery and W. Bristow, […]; J. Leake and W. Frederick, […]; B. Collins, […]; and A. M. Smart and Co. […], published 1762, →OCLC, page v:
  2. (by extension, Ireland, Scotland) An amount of money that the Irish or Scottish coin was worth.
(by extension)
1. (philately, historical) A postage stamp worth half of one penny.
2. (chiefly Australia, US, agriculture, archaic) A usually semicircular earmark made in the ear of a livestock animal.
3. (obsolete, figurative) A small piece; a fragment.
  - 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, Much Adoe about Nothing. […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii], signature D2, recto:

別の表記

(with the first element half preserved): halfepenie, halfepenny, halfepeny, halfepenye, halfpenie, halfpeny, halfpenye (all obsolete)
(with the first element reduced to ha-, ha’, or hal-): halpeny, halpenye, hapeney, hapenny, ha'penny, happenny (all obsolete except ha’penny)
(with the first element altered to haw-): hawpny (dialectal, obsolete)

派生語

bord halfpenny
halfpenny farthing
halfpenny of gold
halfpenny under the hat
halfpennyworth
have one's hand on another halfpenny
have one's heart on one's halfpenny
not a halfpenny the worse
shove halfpenny
three halfpence
twopenny-halfpenny

参照

^ “hal-penī, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
^ “half, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
^ Joseph Bosworth (1882), “healf”, in T[homas] Northcote Toller, editor, An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 518, column 2.
^ “penī, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
^ Joseph Bosworth (1882), “pening”, in T[homas] Northcote Toller, editor, An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 772, column 2.
↑ “halfpenny, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2025; “halfpenny, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

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