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Glaber
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glaber
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/04/01 20:08 UTC 版)
語源
Uncertain. Hypothesized to be from Proto-Italic *ɣlaðros, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰl̥h₂dʰ-ro- (“smooth”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰleh₂dʰ- (“smooth, shiny”), which is reconstructed based on the assumed cognates Proto-Germanic *gladaz (whence German glatt (“smooth”)) and Proto-Balto-Slavic *glā́ˀdus (“smooth”) (whence Lithuanian glodùs (“tool for smoothing”)). These stem from a basic root *gʰleh₂- per Schrijver 1995. However, Kroonen denies this etymology for Proto-Germanic *gladaz, preferring to derive it instead from *glōaną, which Kroonen derives from *gʰleh₁-. See Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰleh₁-.
- The change of initial *gʰl- to Latin gl- may be regular (despite the contrast with the regular change of word-initial *gʰ before a vowel to Latin h-). Compare medial *-gʰl- becoming *-gl- in trāgula and figulus. (De Vaan 2008 assumes a similar evolution of *gʰr- to *gr-, citing grāmen, whereas Schrijver 1991:311 assumes based on rāvus that word-initial *gʰr- became Latin r-.) Weiss 2018 makes the alternative suggestion that g- in glaber could result from a conditioned dissimilation of roots of the form DʰlVʰD-/DʰrVʰD- to DlVʰD-/DrVʰD-, comparing trahō. In any case, there are no clearly established counterexamples (that is, no solid etymologies showing a change of *gʰl- to Latin l-), although there is a probable case of *gʷʰr- to fr- in frendō.
- Schrijver 1991:191 considers it likely that PIE *CRHTC- (*CRH- followed by two consonants, the first a plosive) regularly gives Latin *CRăTC- (compare flagrum, fragrō). To explain this development, De Vaan suggests that the laryngeal may have been lost in this context "before the putative allophonic prop vowel was phonologized."
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɡɫa.bɛr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈɡlaː.ber]
派生語
- glabellus
- glabrātus
- glabrēscō
- Glabrio
- glabripennis
- glabrirostris
- glabrō
派生した語
- Italo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- → English: glabrous
- → French: glabre
- → Romanian: glabru
- → Italian: glabro
- → Portuguese: glabro
- → Spanish: glabro
参照
- ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “glaber, -bra, -brum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 263
- ↑ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 188, 191, 311
- ^ Kluge, Friedrich (1989), “glatt”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
- ^ Peter C. H. Schrijver (1995), Studies in British Celtic Historical Phonology (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam; Atlanta, Ga.: Rodopi, page 173.
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*glada-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 179
- ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 8
- ^ Weiss, Michael (2018), “Limited Latin Grassmann's Law: Do We Need It?”, in Dieter Gunkel, Stephanie W. Jamison, Angelo O. Mercado and Kazuhiko Yoshida, editors, Vina Diem Celebrent: Studies in Linguistics and Philology in Honor of Brent Vine, Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press, page 442
Further reading
- “glaber”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “glaber”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “glaber”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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