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意味・対訳 人口調査に続いて5年ごとにローマ全住民に対して行った清めの儀式、5年間

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lustrum

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/11/01 13:36 UTC 版)

語源

From Latin lūstrum.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ˈlʌstɹəm/
• ハイフネーション: lus‧trum

名詞

lustrum (plural lustra or lustrums)

1. (historical) A lustration: a ceremonial purification of the people of Rome performed every five years after the census. [from late 16th c.]
   • 1746 February 28, “A Treatise on the Roman Senate, in Two Parts. By Conyers Middleton, D.D. Principal Library-keeper of the University of Cambridge. Printed for R. Manby, and H. S. Cox, 1747. Octavo. 169 Pages.”, in The Museum: Or, The Literary and Historical Register, volume II, number XXV, London: Printed for R[obert] Dodsley […], →OCLC, page 409:
   • 1854, Edward Greswell, “Dissertation X. On the Lustral Cycle of the Romans and on the Initia Censoria”, in Origines Kalendariæ Italicæ, Nundinal Calendars of Ancient Italy, Nundinal Calendar of Romulus, Calendar of Numa Pompilius, Calendar of the Decemvirs, Irregular Roman Calendar, and Julian Correction. Tables of the Roman Calendar, from U.C. 4 of Varro B.C. 750 to U.C. 1108 A.D. 355. [...] In Four Volumes, volume II, Oxford: At the University Press, →OCLC, chapter I, section II (On the Proper Measure of the Lustral Cycle), page 248:
2. (by extension, literary) Synonym of quinquennium: Any 5-year period.
   • 1742–1745, [Edward Young], “Night the Second. On Time, Death, Friendship. Humbly Inscrib’d to the Right Honourable the Earl of Wilmington.”, in The Complaint: Or, Night-thoughts on Life, Death, & Immortality, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar […], and R[obert] Dodsley […], published 1750, →OCLC, page 29, lines 172–174:
   • 1835 April, Edgar Allan Poe, “Morella”, in The Southern Literary Messenger: Devoted to Every Department of Literature, and the Fine Arts, Richmond, Va.: T. W. White, →OCLC; republished in The Works of Edgar Allan Poe: In Four Volumes, volume I, New York, N.Y.: W. J. Widdleton, publisher, 1849, →OCLC, page 473:
   • 1852, Adadus Calpe [pseudonym; Antonio Diodoro de Pascual], chapter XIV, in Henry Edgar, transl., The Two Fathers. An Unpublished Original Spanish Work. [...] Translated into the English Language by the Author, and Henry Edgar. Part Second: Hector Alone, New York, N.Y.: Stringer & Townsend, publishers, […]; George P[almer] Putnam, […], →OCLC, page 189:

関連する語

• luster, lustre
• lustral
• lustrate
• lustration
• lustrical
• perlustrate

参照

1. ^ From the collection of the Louvre in Paris, France.

語源 1

Per De Vaan (2008), from Proto-Indo-European *l(H)u-(s)tro- (“dirty place”), from Proto-Indo-European *le(H)w- (the same root as lutum (“mud, dirt, clay”)) + *-trom (see -trum), compare lūstrum, flū̆stra and mōnstrum. Valpy (1828) proposed instead a borrowing, with change of *d to /l/, from Ancient Greek *δύστρον (*dústron), from δύω (dúō, “to plunge”).

名詞

lustrum n (genitive lustrī); second declension

1. bog, morass, place where boars and swine wallow
   Synonym: volūtābrum
2. (usually in the plural) den or lair of wild beasts; wood, forest
3. (usually in the plural) (a place of) debauchery

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

派生した語

• → Albanian: lyshtër
• → English: luster (“den”)

語源 2

From Old Latin *loustrom, of uncertain origin, with multiple theories proposed:

• from Proto-Indo-European *lewkstrom, from *lewk- (“to make bright”) (whence lūceō),
• or from Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃strom, from *lewh₃- (“to wash”) (whence lavō),
• or from Proto-Indo-European *lewHstrom, from *lewH- (“to expiate, set free”) (whence luō).

Compare lustrum, flū̆stra and mōnstrum.

名詞

lūstrum n (genitive lūstrī); second declension

1. a purificatory sacrifice (expiatory offering) or lustration performed every five years by the censor
   Synonym: piāculum
2. a period of five years
   Synonym: quīnquennium

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

派生した語

• Catalan: lustre, llustre
• → English: lustrum
• Italian: lustro
• Sicilian: allustru
• Spanish: lustro
• Portuguese: lustro

参照

1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “lutum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355
2. ^ Valpy, F.E.J (1828), An etymological dictionary of the Latin language, page 241
3. ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 354-5
4. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 688
5. ^ “lustrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
6. ^ “lustro 3” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN
7. ^ “lustrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Further reading

• “lustrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “lustrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "lustrum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “lustrum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to complete the censorship (by certain formal purificatory ceremonies = lustro faciendo): lustrum condere (Liv. 1. 44. 2)
• “lustrum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “lustrum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
• Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag

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