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proprius

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/11/24 01:46 UTC 版)

語源

Most likely from Proto-Italic *pro- + *prijos (“own, dear”), from Proto-Indo-European *priHós (“dear”). Since pro- can hardly be explained as a nominal prefix, Forssman (2004) explains it as having been extended to the adjective from the verb propriāre, once-attested as propriāssit. Cognate to Sanskrit प्रिय (priyá, “dear”), Russian прия́тель (prijátelʹ, “buddy, mate”) and Russian прия́тный (prijátnyj, “pleasant”), Welsh rhydd (“free”), English free.

Other suggestions include:

• for *proprīvus, from the root of prīvus (“individual”), from Proto-Indo-European *prey-wo-s (“being in front”).
• for *propatrius, from pro- +‎ pater, meaning “from one's forefathers”, taking Ancient Greek προπάτωρ (propátōr, “forefather”) as comparison.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈprɔ.pri.ʊs], [ˈprɔp.ri.ʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈprɔː.pri.us], [ˈprɔp.ri.us]

形容詞

proprius (feminine propria, neuter proprium); first/second-declension adjective

1. appropriate to oneself: (one's) proper, (one's) own (inalienably)
2. belonging to oneself as property, or goods: (one's) own (alienably)
3. particular to one individual, group, or case: characteristic, distinctive, eccentric, idiosyncratic, individual, specialized
4. going on without end: lasting, constant, permanent, perpetual
5. not shared with others: personal, private, exclusive
   Antonym: commūnis
6. (of activities) proper to, characteristic of a given set of persons or things
   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.12:
     Quārē, quoniam id, quod est prīmum, et quod huius imperiī disciplīnaeque maiōrum proprium est, facere nōndum audeō, faciam id, quod est ad sevēritātem lēnius et ad commūnem salūtem ūtilius.
     Therefore, since I do not yet dare to do that which is best — and which is characteristic of this authority and the discipline of our ancestors — I will do that which, in regard to severity, is milder, and in regard to the common welfare, more useful.
7. (of words) proper, literal, strict
   Antonyms: trā(ns)lāticius, trā(ns)lātus
   1. concrete, specific
   2. used of proper nouns

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

派生語

• propriē
• proprietās
• propriō

派生した語

• Asturian: propiu, prupiu
• Catalan: propi
• → English: proper
• → Esperanto: propra
• French: propre
• Istriot: pruoprio
• Italian: proprio, propio
• Portuguese: próprio
• Romanian: propriu
• Spanish: propio
• Venetan: propio
• Lombard: propes, propi

参照

1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “proprius”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 493

Further reading

• “proprius”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “proprius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "proprius", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “proprius”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the proper term; a word used strictly: vocabulum proprium
  • something is a characteristic of a man: aliquid est proprium alicuius
• “proprius” on page 1646 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
• Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 829

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