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音節sat・ur・nine 発音記号・読み方
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saturnine
音節 sat・ur・nine 発音記号・読み方 /sˈæṭɚnὰɪn｜‐tə‐/
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saturnine
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/04/07 21:49 UTC 版)
語源
From 中期英語 saturnine, satournine, satournyne, saturnin, saturnyn, saturnyne (“pertaining to or under the influence of the planet Saturn; line on the palm of the hand associated with Saturn”), from Old French saturnine, saturnin (modern French saturnin (“of, pertaining to, resembling or containing lead, plumbic”)), or directly from its etymon Medieval Latin Sāturnīnus, from Sāturnus (“the Roman god Saturn; the planet Saturn”) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’); analysable as Saturn + -ine. The English word is cognate with Italian saturnino (“saturnine”), Portuguese saturnino (“melancholy, saturnine; pertaining to the planet Saturn”), Spanish saturnino (“melancholy, saturnine; pertaining to the planet Saturn”).
Sense 1 (“having a tendency to be cold, bitter, gloomy, etc.”) refers to the fact that individuals born under the astrological influence of the planet Saturn were believed to have that disposition.
発音
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈsætənaɪn/, /-nɪn/
- (General American) IPA: /ˈsætɚˌnaɪn/, /-ˌnin/, [-ɾɚ-]
- ハイフネーション: sa‧turn‧ine
形容詞
saturnine (comparative more saturnine, superlative most saturnine)
- (comparable) Of a person: having a tendency to be cold and gloomy
Synonyms: solemn, somber; see also Thesaurus:sad
Antonyms: cheerful, jovial; see also Thesaurus:happy- [**1661**, Robert Lovell, “Isagoge Zoologicomineralogica. Or An Introduction to the History of Animals and Minerals, or Panzoographie, and Pammineralogie.”, in ΠΑΝΖΩΟΡΥΚΤΟΛΟΓΙΑ [PANZŌORYKTOLOGIA]. Sive Panzoologicomineralogia. Or A Compleat History of Animals and Minerals, Containing the Summe of All Authors, both Ancient and Modern, Galenicall and Chymicall, [...], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Hen[ry] Hall, for Jos[eph] Godwin, →OCLC:
Alſo amongſt the aforeſaid living creatures, ſome are Solar, [...] the contrary, are ſuch as are Lunar, Saturnine, and Martiall, &c. [...] The Saturnine, are the ſolitary, nocturnall and ſad: as the Aſſe, camel, cat, ape, hare, mule, mouſe, mole, bear, toad, and wolfe.] - 1711 October 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison; Richard Steele _et al._], “TUESDAY, September 25, 1711”, in The Spectator, number 179; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume II, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 428:
- 1751, [Tobias] Smollett, “He Introduces His New Friends to Mr. Jolter, with whom the Doctor Enters into a Dispute upon Government, which had Well Nigh Terminated in Open War”, in The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: Harrison and Co., […], →OCLC, page 127:
- 1793–1796, John Whitehead, chapter VI, in The Life of the Rev. John Wesley, M.A. […], London: Printed by Stephen Couchman; and sold by Knight and Son [...]; J. Matthews [...]; D. Taylor [...]; and W. Bulgin [...], →OCLC; republished Auburn; Buffalo, N.Y.: John E. Beardsley, 1844, →OCLC, section I (A Review of Mr. Wesley’s Character), page 550:
- 1866 December 10, Charles Dickens, “No. 1 Branch Line. The Signal-Man.”, in Charles Dickens, editor, Mugby Junction. The Extra Christmas Number of All the Year Round, volume XVI, London: Published at No. 26, Wellington Street; and by Messrs. Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, page 21:
- [**1661**, Robert Lovell, “Isagoge Zoologicomineralogica. Or An Introduction to the History of Animals and Minerals, or Panzoographie, and Pammineralogie.”, in ΠΑΝΖΩΟΡΥΚΤΟΛΟΓΙΑ [PANZŌORYKTOLOGIA]. Sive Panzoologicomineralogia. Or A Compleat History of Animals and Minerals, Containing the Summe of All Authors, both Ancient and Modern, Galenicall and Chymicall, [...], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Hen[ry] Hall, for Jos[eph] Godwin, →OCLC:
- (comparable) Of a setting: depressing, dull, gloomy.
Synonyms: dark, grim; see also Thesaurus:cheerless
Antonyms: bright, cheery, pleasant - (comparable, alchemy, archaic) Synonym of leaden, of or related to the metal lead, associated with the planet Saturn in European alchemy.
- (not comparable, pathology) Caused or affected by lead poisoning (saturnism).
- (not comparable, astrology, obsolete) Pertaining to the astrological influence of the planet Saturn; having the characteristics of a person under such influence (see sense 1).
- 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Starres a Cause. Signes from Physiognomy, Metoposcopy, Chiromancy.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 1, subsection 4, page 51:
- 1701, Ptolemy; Leo Allacius [i.e., Leo Allatius], “Of the Stars Northward of the Zodiack”, in John Whalley, transl., Ptolemy’s Quadripartite; or, Four Books Concerning the Influences of the Stars. Faithfully Render’d into English […], London: Printed for John Sprint, […], →OCLC, book I, pages 20–21:
- (entomology) Belonging to or resembling butterflies of the family Saturnidae
派生語
参照
- ^ “sā̆turnīn(e, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 5 July 2019.
- ^ “saturnine, adj. and n.”, in OED Online
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1909; “saturnine, adj.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
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