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urbs
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/02/20 17:22 UTC 版)
発音
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɜːbz/
- (General American) IPA: /ɝbz/
- 韻: -ɜː(ɹ)bz
語源
Uncertain.
- From Proto-Italic *worβis, from Proto-Indo-European *werbʰ- (“to enclose”) (compare Umbrian 𐌖𐌄𐌓𐌚𐌀𐌋𐌄 (uerfale, “area for taking auspices”), Hittite [script needed] (warpa-, “enclosure”), Tocharian A warpi (“garden”), Tocharian B werwiye (“garden”)).
- Derivation from Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos (“city”) (from *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose”), whence e.g. Hittite [script needed] (gurtas, “citadel”) Sanskrit गृह (gṛhá, “house”), English yard) has been proposed, but suffers from irregularities; *horbus would be rather expected.
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈʊrps]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈurbs]
名詞
urbs f (genitive urbis); third declension
- a city, walled town
Urbī ferrō flammāque minātus est.
He threatened the city with fire and sword.- 106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam:
Ō dī immortālēs, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem pūblicam habēmus? In quā urbe vīvimus?
O immortal gods, where on earth are we? What government do we have? In what city do we live?
- 106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam:
- the City, Rome
Ab urbe conditā.
From the founding of the City.
Urbī et orbī.
To the City and the world.
語形変化
Third-declension noun (i-stem).
Nominative/accusative/vocative plural urbīs is rare.
派生語
- suburbium
- urbānātim
- urbānē
- urbāniciānus
- urbānitās
- urbānus
- urbicapus
- urbicārius
- urbicremus
- urbicus
- Urbīnum
派生した語
参照
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 444
Further reading
- “urbs”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “urbs”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “urbs”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- the heart of the city: sinus urbis (Sall. Cat. 52. 35)
- to set fire to a city: inflammare urbem
- the city is very beautifully situated: urbs situ ad aspectum praeclara est
- the city is situate on a bay: urbs in sinu sita est
- to be far from town: longe, procul abesse ab urbe
- to enter a city: ingredi, intrare urbem, introire in urbem
- arrival in Rome, in town: adventus Romam, in urbem
- to draw near to a city: appropinquare urbi, rarely ad urbem
- to advance nearer to the city: propius accedere ad urbem or urbem
- in the fifth year from the founding of the city: anno ab urbe condita quinto
- native place: urbs patria or simply patria
- the plague breaks out in the city: pestilentia (not pestis) in urbem (populum) invadit
- a report is spreading imperceptibly: fama serpit (per urbem)
- after having duly taken the auspices: auspicato (rem gerere, urbem condere)
- to banish a person, send him into exile: ex urbe (civitate) expellere, pellere aliquem
- to expel a person from the city, country: exterminare (ex) urbe, de civitate aliquem (Mil. 37. 101)
- to garrison a town: praesidiis firmare urbem
- to garrison a town: praesidium collocare in urbe
- to raise a siege (used of the army of relief): urbis obsidionem liberare
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