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volucer

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2024/10/11 15:04 UTC 版)

語源

From volō, volāre (“to fly”). The masculine nominative singular form is derived by syncope from *wolukris, which probably developed by dissimilation from earlier *wolu-klis or *welu-klis, with a suffix ultimately derived from -*tlis, from Proto-Indo-European *-tl-, a variant of the zero-grade of the agent suffix *-tḗr. Compare alacer. However, De Vaan considers the origin of the ending *-kris to be uncertain.

Even though the stem of the verb volāre is volā-, this adjective is built on a stem volu- with short /u/, which De Vaan considers unexplained. Sen argues that the stem *welu- was taken from volucra (“larva of a moth that infests vines”), a derivative of volvō (“to (cause to) roll”), based on semantic and formal similarity. There is no consensus on the ultimate etymology of volāre (“to fly”), but one hypothesis is that it comes from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to throw”); assuming this initial *gʷ is correct, Weiss 2009 reconstructs an earlier stage as *gʷolu-tlis, comparing it to Sanskrit गरुड (garuḍa), which Weiss derives from *garutráḥ, and Schrijver compares it to Sanskrit गरुत्मान् (garutmān).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈu̯o.lu.ker/, [ˈu̯ɔɫ̪ʊkɛr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈvo.lu.t͡ʃer/, [ˈvɔːlut͡ʃer]

形容詞

volucer (feminine volucris, neuter volucre); third-declension three-termination adjective

1. winged
   • 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III
     omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
     et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres
     in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt
     So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
     whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged,
     collapse into the frenzies and the fire [of sex].
2. flying, able to fly

参照

1. ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “volō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 688
2. ↑ Ranjan Sen (2015) Syllable and Segment in Latin, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 103, 107
3. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “alacer”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 32
4. ^ Weiss, Michael L. (2009) Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin‎, Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press, →ISBN, page 318
5. ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 470

Further reading

• “volucer”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “volucer”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• volucer in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

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