Csilla Sáró | Eötvös Loránd University Budapest (original) (raw)
Fibulae, brooches by Csilla Sáró
Kincskeresés, kaland, tudomány: Közösségi régészeti projektek Pest megyében., 2021
Ten Roman Period brooches were discovered during metal detector surveys in 2017 in the Budakeszi ... more Ten Roman Period brooches were discovered during metal detector surveys in 2017 in the Budakeszi district (Pest County, West of Budapest) from sites at Páty–Alsósori Szabad-földek, Páty–Laposi-dűlő and Páty–Nagy lapos-dűlő. They belong to the types of Norico-Pannonian winged brooches, Norico-Pannonian brooches with a double knob bow, strongly profiled brooches, crossbow (onion-knobbed) brooches, enamelled animal-shaped brooches, and cicada-shaped brooches. The paper focuses on the typological and chronological details, distribution areas and the wearers.
Dissertationes Archaeologicae, 2023
Name stamps occasionally appear on early Roman Period bow brooches, such as Aucissa brooches, Ner... more Name stamps occasionally appear on early Roman Period bow brooches, such as Aucissa brooches, Nertomarus brooches, brooches with side knobs (Scharnierflügelfibeln), and rosette brooches (Kragenfibeln, Distelfibeln, Flache Distelfibeln). Aucissa brooches are known from the territory of the whole Roman Empire and were produced in multiple workshops, while the other types were typical of the western parts, having been manufactured primarily in the western provinces. According to current research, the 55 bow brooches from Győr-Ménfőcsanak-Széles-földek belong to different western types. The only stamped brooch is a fragmentary Nertomarus brooch with an abbreviated NERTOMARVS stamp (NORV). This brooch could reach Pannonia from the place of production in different ways. One option is that the brooch travelled with its owner, a military person, or someone who accompanied the troops.
Archaeologiai Értesítő, 2022
A tanulmány célja, hogy az aquincumi polgárvárosi keleti temető területén előkerült római kori fib... more A tanulmány célja, hogy az aquincumi polgárvárosi keleti temető területén előkerült római kori fibulákat bemutassa. A fibulák tipológiai-kronológiai szempontú elemzése mellett a tanulmány igyekszik részletesen foglalkozni a viseleti szokásokra vonatkozó kérdésekkel is.
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The aim of this paper is the presentation of the fibulae unearthed at the eastern cemetery of the civil town in Aquincum. The fibulae are analyzed with respect to typology, chronology, and their wearers.
Magyar Régészet Online , 2022
A Balatontól délre elhelyezkedő Szőlősgyörök határában található régészeti lelőhelyre a Rippl-Rón... more A Balatontól délre elhelyezkedő Szőlősgyörök határában található régészeti lelőhelyre a Rippl-Rónai Múzeummal együttműködő egyik önkéntesünk hívta fel a figyelmünket még 2020 szeptemberében. Ezután a területen több alkalommal végeztünk műszeres leletfelderítéssel egybekötött terepbejárást. 2020-ban három, míg 2021-ben további négy napon tudtunk kutatni, és várhatóan az idei évben is lesz lehetőségünk pár napot kint lenni a lelőhelyen. A lelőhelyen gyűjtött több száz fémtárgy közül kiemelkedik egy darab, melyet 2021. október 30-án talált Jancsekity Gábor (1. kép). A madár alakú fibuláról már az előkerülés pillanatában is sejtettük, hogy különleges darabnak számít; ezt későbbi kutatásaink bizonyították is. A szőlősgyöröki példányon kívül csupán néhány darab ismert Magyarországról, melyek közül egy példány került múzeumi gyűjteménybe. Mivel erről a fibulatípusról nem született még magyar nyelvű összefoglaló munka, így tanulmányunkban nemcsak a Szőlősgyörökön előkerült sasalakú fibulát szeretnénk bemutatni, hanem annak párhuzamait is.
Hungarian Archaeology (e-journal), 2022
In September 2020, a volunteer cooperating with the Rippl-Rónai Museum drew our attention to an a... more In September 2020, a volunteer cooperating with the Rippl-Rónai Museum drew our attention to an archeological site located south of the Lake Balaton, in the surroundings of Szőlősgyörök. We have carried out several metal detector-aided field survey campaigns in the area: we spent three days in 2020, and another four in 2021 on the site, and we hope to spend a few more this year. Among the several hundreds of recovered metal artefacts, there is an outstanding piece found by Gábor Jancsekity on 30 October 2021 (Fig. 1). We suspected in the moment of discovery the bird-shaped brooch to be special, and further research confirmed that. The brooch from Szőlősgyörök only has a few known analogies in Hungary, and only one of those is part of a museum's collection. Since no Hungarian summary of this brooch type has been published so far, we present not only the eagle-shaped brooch from Szőlősgyörök but also its analogies in this paper.
Dissertationes Archaeologicae, 2021
This article continues the author’s paper The fibula production of Brigetio: clay moulds publishe... more This article continues the author’s paper The fibula production of Brigetio: clay moulds published in Dissertationes Archaeologicae 3.8 (2020). The main aim of this paper is the presentation of a model plus several semi-finished and waste fibulae from Brigetio, adding to our knowledge about the fibula production of this archaeological site. The objects belong to the types of the Norico–Pannonian winged fibula, Pannonian trumpet fibula, knee fibula and crossbow fibula. Their types and detailed descriptions are presented. The local distribution of the fibula variants in Brigetio and Komárom-Esztergom County is also summarized.
Dissertationes Archaeologicae, 2020
Fibula production can be proven in the case of several Pannonian bronze workshops and among these... more Fibula production can be proven in the case of several Pannonian bronze workshops and among these, Brigetio as well. Similar fibula variations from a close territory can refer to the production in a certain area but the archaeological finds which belong to the manufacturing process are more trustworthy evidences. Regarding the fibulae produced in Brigetio, I. Kovrig, E. Patek, É. B. Bónis, K. Szabó, M. Merczi and N. Sey have already published some more or less detailed parts of their research. During a research project, the author reinvestigated several archaeological finds which can be related to the fibula production of Brigetio. The main aim of this paper is the definition of the fibula variants and the examination of their regional distribution. Moreover, the dating of the locally manufactured fibula variants can be helpful to define the production period of the workshops.
Dissertationes Archaeologicae, 2019
The main aim of this paper is the presentation of two rare fibulae from the Eastern Cemetery of t... more The main aim of this paper is the presentation of two rare fibulae from the Eastern Cemetery of the civil town of Budapest/Aquincum. On the former territory of the Óbuda Gas Factory, new parts of the cemetery were excavated during the years 2004–2017 under the direction of G. Lassányi. The fibulae discussed in our study were found in the skeleton grave No. 795. These fibulae have a special form and their type can be defined easily. They belong to a low-numbered fibula type of Pannonia, the bow-tie shaped fibulae.
Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 2018
Dress and dress accessories by Csilla Sáró
Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 2024
The main goal of this paper is to study a specific element of women's depicted costumes. Pictures... more The main goal of this paper is to study a specific element of women's depicted costumes. Pictures on stone monuments present local, so-called native women wearing complex attire of cloth, headwear, brooches, jewels, and other dress accessories. Thirteen stone monuments from Hungary depict local women with headwear-related accessories. The main questions are: what kind of accessories are they, and how can we evaluate their presence on depicted attires? I collected analogous depictions from other Provinces and studied archaeological material. Finally, I concluded that these headwear-related accessories connect to new cultural effects and the complex phenomenon of acculturation.
AQUINCUM ÆTERNUM. STUDIA IN HONOREM PAULA ZSIDI. Aquincum Nostrum. II/9., 2022
The Norico-Pannonian belt had an important role in the well known monograph of Jochen Garbsch. Ac... more The Norico-Pannonian belt had an important role in the well known monograph of Jochen Garbsch. According to his opinion, the Norico-Pannonian belt type decorated with fittings was a characteristic part of the so-called Norico-Pannonian native female attire. In this study, I would like to summarize the information about this belt type and present some items from Hungary.
Dissertationes Archaeologicae, 2021
Review article of PhD thesis submitted in 2020 to the Archaeological Doctoral Programme, Doctoral... more Review article of PhD thesis submitted in 2020 to the Archaeological Doctoral Programme, Doctoral School of History, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest under the supervision of Miklós Szabó.
Brigetio by Csilla Sáró
Dissertationes Archaeologicae, 2022
Brigetio, along the Danube limes, was one of the four legionary bases of Pannonia and, thus, one ... more Brigetio, along the Danube limes, was one of the four legionary bases of Pannonia and, thus, one of the most important settlements of the province. The excavations conducted by the Eötvös Loránd University and the Klapka György Museum of Komárom lasted 25 years (1992–2016) and yielded unparalleled information about the spatial structure and the temporal setting of the Roman municipium. Numerous high-standard domestic buildings with hypocaust heating systems and figurative wall paintings were brought to light by the excavations. Besides, traces of several workshops were discovered, including a metal workshop, a secondary glass workshop and a bakery. Based on the countless small finds collected during the excavations, the civil town seems to have existed from the turn of the 1st and 2nd centuries AD to after the mid-3rd century AD when the inhabitants abandoned the municipium. The heyday of the settlement can be dated to the first half of the 3rd century AD; most findings and building remains came from this period. This paper summarizes the results of each excavation season with drawings and references to the most important small finds.
Dissertationes Archaeologicae, 2022
Brigetio, along the Danube limes, was one of the four legionary bases of Pannonia and, thus, one ... more Brigetio, along the Danube limes, was one of the four legionary bases of Pannonia and, thus, one of the most important settlements of the province. The last excavation season so far, conducted by the Eötvös Loránd University and the Klapka György Museum of Komárom, was in 2016. The finds from previous years have been published year by year from 2010. This paper presents a catalogue and evaluation of the finds of the last, 2016, excavation campaign.
Systematic excavations in the civil town of Brigetio have started in 1992, carried out by the Dep... more Systematic excavations in the civil town of
Brigetio have started in 1992, carried out by the
Department of Classical and Roman Archaeology
of Eötvös Loránd University and the Klapka György
Museum of Komárom. Main aims of the excavation
campaign of 2015 were to finish the excavation of
the cellar and a large pit nearby which have been
found in 2012–2013. The total excavated area in
2015 was approximately 150 m2.
The collapsed wooden ceiling of the cellar was
covered with a temporary wooden roof after the
excavation campaign of 2014. The first task of the
excavation in 2015 was removing this roof, then
cleaning and conserving the Roman wooden ceiling.
After the conservation of the wooden planks they
were taken out by restorers, then we started the
excavation of the lowest layers of the cellar. In a
depth of approximately 170 cm from the original
ceiling level, a very large amount of pottery
have been found on the floor of the cellar. It was
concentrated to the southern end of the cellar, where
the collapsed wooden ceiling was missing, which
indicates that originally there was an opening on
that side of the ceiling used as an entrance to the
cellar. After the cellar had been abandoned, but
before the collapse of the ceiling, a large amount of
pottery – including a lot of terra sigillata vessels
– and other rubbish was thrown down the floor of
the cellar through the entrance opening. The „other
rubbish” was surprisingly includes a Roman bronze
cavalry parade helmet, which is one of the most
extraordinary finds of the last years in Brigetio. In
the northern half of the cellar, under the collapsed
ceiling, an amphora of type Dressel 20 has been
found, which was originally served as a container
for olive oil from Baetica. Some of the tituli picti
were also preserved on the surface of the amphora.
Some metres southeast to the cellar a large pit
measuring 5×4 m has been found earlier, which
contained a huge amount of iron slags weighing
hundreds of kilograms, as well as bronze brooches,
bone hairpins and a lot of pottery. It could be
served as a waste pit related to nearby ironworking
activities. In a depth of more than three metres,
we have surprisingly found remains of stone walls
next to and parallel with the northern and southern
clay walls of the pit, which means that the pit was
originally a cellar with stone walls. The walls of
the cellar were systematically taken out as building
material after the abandonment of the cellar,
only the lower rows of the wall remained. After that,
the pit was filled up with the waste material of the
nearby metal workshop.
Besides the above-mentioned find material, a
bronze figurine of Amor should be mentioned. It
has been found in a 3rd century AD demolition layer
consisted of bricks and tiles, obviously in secondary
position. The figurine belonged most probably to a
household shrine in a neighbouring building.
In 2015 were 4201 ceramic fragments found wich
belong to the local and regional (pannonien) pottery
types. The percentage of these: 62% grey coarse
pottery, 20% self-colored pottery, 4% imitation of
the Pompeian red ware, 4% colour coated pottery,
3% pottery with colour-coated horizontal bands,
2% Firnisware-Imitation, 2% mortaria, 1% marbled
ware, 1% Pannonian grey slip ware with stampeddecoration, 1% incenser bowl, less than 1% handmade
pottery and face pots.
In 2015 were 190 glass fragments found in the
civil town of Brigetio. Among the glass fragments
the drinking vessels were dominate (40%), the
second group was the storage and container vessels,
only bottles were present in more significant
numbers (36% of the total), unguentaria occur less
frequently (13%). Finally a unique, stamped square
bottle base should be mentioned (the inscription as
follows: letter CL, A, CP, P). The base mark seems to
be something special: as for the symbol, the lozenge
inside a cercle, there are paralleles. They are used
by Claudia Italia and by Salvius Gratus as well as
by a person, who signed C/N/PG. There is a second
stamped square bottle from the cellar of the civil
town of Brigetio. (In 2014 came to light the other
base of a mould-blown square bottle with stamp “L
PVBLIC”.)
In this year the type of the import ceramics and
oil lamps are similar to the finds of the previous
years, except an early roman glazed pottery which
has been found on the floor of the cellar. This kind
of ceramic is relatively rare in Brigetio and in Pannonia.
The excavation revealed 493 terra sigillata
sherds, of which seven was imported from
Northern Italy, another seven was South Gaulish,
137 was Central Gaulish and from East Gaul
only two fragments. The material also contains
159 terra sigillata from Rheinzabern, 117 sherds
from Westerndorf and 10 from Pfaffenhofen. In
conclusion, the findings can be dated between the
2nd half of the 1st century AD and the middle of the
3rd century AD.
Two amphora fragments were found during
the excavations of the civil town of Brigetio in 2015.
Both amphorae contained olive oil: the product
stored in the Dressel 6B type vessel was imported
from the Istrian peninsula between the last quarter
of the 1st century AD and the first quarter of the 2nd
century AD. The Dressel 20 type amphora recovered
from the cellar demonstrates that the inhabitants
consumed Hispanian olive oil which arrived from
the Guadalquivir valley between the first quarter
of the 2nd c entury A D a nd t he b eginning o f t he 3 rd
century AD.
Only one fibula was found in 2015. It belongs
to „Hülsenspiralfibeln mit gegabeltem Bügel” and
it can be dated from the end of the 2nd century AD
to the beginning/third quarter of the 3rd century
AD. This fibula type was basically worn by roman
soldiers.
In 2015 altogether 20 coins were uncovered, of
which unfortunately only 7 were identifiable due
to the very bad preservation. This is owed to an
ancient fire after which the debris was used to fill
up the second cellar. The exposure to the extreme
heat caused most of the coins to deteriorate beyond
Kincskeresés, kaland, tudomány: Közösségi régészeti projektek Pest megyében., 2021
Ten Roman Period brooches were discovered during metal detector surveys in 2017 in the Budakeszi ... more Ten Roman Period brooches were discovered during metal detector surveys in 2017 in the Budakeszi district (Pest County, West of Budapest) from sites at Páty–Alsósori Szabad-földek, Páty–Laposi-dűlő and Páty–Nagy lapos-dűlő. They belong to the types of Norico-Pannonian winged brooches, Norico-Pannonian brooches with a double knob bow, strongly profiled brooches, crossbow (onion-knobbed) brooches, enamelled animal-shaped brooches, and cicada-shaped brooches. The paper focuses on the typological and chronological details, distribution areas and the wearers.
Dissertationes Archaeologicae, 2023
Name stamps occasionally appear on early Roman Period bow brooches, such as Aucissa brooches, Ner... more Name stamps occasionally appear on early Roman Period bow brooches, such as Aucissa brooches, Nertomarus brooches, brooches with side knobs (Scharnierflügelfibeln), and rosette brooches (Kragenfibeln, Distelfibeln, Flache Distelfibeln). Aucissa brooches are known from the territory of the whole Roman Empire and were produced in multiple workshops, while the other types were typical of the western parts, having been manufactured primarily in the western provinces. According to current research, the 55 bow brooches from Győr-Ménfőcsanak-Széles-földek belong to different western types. The only stamped brooch is a fragmentary Nertomarus brooch with an abbreviated NERTOMARVS stamp (NORV). This brooch could reach Pannonia from the place of production in different ways. One option is that the brooch travelled with its owner, a military person, or someone who accompanied the troops.
Archaeologiai Értesítő, 2022
A tanulmány célja, hogy az aquincumi polgárvárosi keleti temető területén előkerült római kori fib... more A tanulmány célja, hogy az aquincumi polgárvárosi keleti temető területén előkerült római kori fibulákat bemutassa. A fibulák tipológiai-kronológiai szempontú elemzése mellett a tanulmány igyekszik részletesen foglalkozni a viseleti szokásokra vonatkozó kérdésekkel is.
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The aim of this paper is the presentation of the fibulae unearthed at the eastern cemetery of the civil town in Aquincum. The fibulae are analyzed with respect to typology, chronology, and their wearers.
Magyar Régészet Online , 2022
A Balatontól délre elhelyezkedő Szőlősgyörök határában található régészeti lelőhelyre a Rippl-Rón... more A Balatontól délre elhelyezkedő Szőlősgyörök határában található régészeti lelőhelyre a Rippl-Rónai Múzeummal együttműködő egyik önkéntesünk hívta fel a figyelmünket még 2020 szeptemberében. Ezután a területen több alkalommal végeztünk műszeres leletfelderítéssel egybekötött terepbejárást. 2020-ban három, míg 2021-ben további négy napon tudtunk kutatni, és várhatóan az idei évben is lesz lehetőségünk pár napot kint lenni a lelőhelyen. A lelőhelyen gyűjtött több száz fémtárgy közül kiemelkedik egy darab, melyet 2021. október 30-án talált Jancsekity Gábor (1. kép). A madár alakú fibuláról már az előkerülés pillanatában is sejtettük, hogy különleges darabnak számít; ezt későbbi kutatásaink bizonyították is. A szőlősgyöröki példányon kívül csupán néhány darab ismert Magyarországról, melyek közül egy példány került múzeumi gyűjteménybe. Mivel erről a fibulatípusról nem született még magyar nyelvű összefoglaló munka, így tanulmányunkban nemcsak a Szőlősgyörökön előkerült sasalakú fibulát szeretnénk bemutatni, hanem annak párhuzamait is.
Hungarian Archaeology (e-journal), 2022
In September 2020, a volunteer cooperating with the Rippl-Rónai Museum drew our attention to an a... more In September 2020, a volunteer cooperating with the Rippl-Rónai Museum drew our attention to an archeological site located south of the Lake Balaton, in the surroundings of Szőlősgyörök. We have carried out several metal detector-aided field survey campaigns in the area: we spent three days in 2020, and another four in 2021 on the site, and we hope to spend a few more this year. Among the several hundreds of recovered metal artefacts, there is an outstanding piece found by Gábor Jancsekity on 30 October 2021 (Fig. 1). We suspected in the moment of discovery the bird-shaped brooch to be special, and further research confirmed that. The brooch from Szőlősgyörök only has a few known analogies in Hungary, and only one of those is part of a museum's collection. Since no Hungarian summary of this brooch type has been published so far, we present not only the eagle-shaped brooch from Szőlősgyörök but also its analogies in this paper.
Dissertationes Archaeologicae, 2021
This article continues the author’s paper The fibula production of Brigetio: clay moulds publishe... more This article continues the author’s paper The fibula production of Brigetio: clay moulds published in Dissertationes Archaeologicae 3.8 (2020). The main aim of this paper is the presentation of a model plus several semi-finished and waste fibulae from Brigetio, adding to our knowledge about the fibula production of this archaeological site. The objects belong to the types of the Norico–Pannonian winged fibula, Pannonian trumpet fibula, knee fibula and crossbow fibula. Their types and detailed descriptions are presented. The local distribution of the fibula variants in Brigetio and Komárom-Esztergom County is also summarized.
Dissertationes Archaeologicae, 2020
Fibula production can be proven in the case of several Pannonian bronze workshops and among these... more Fibula production can be proven in the case of several Pannonian bronze workshops and among these, Brigetio as well. Similar fibula variations from a close territory can refer to the production in a certain area but the archaeological finds which belong to the manufacturing process are more trustworthy evidences. Regarding the fibulae produced in Brigetio, I. Kovrig, E. Patek, É. B. Bónis, K. Szabó, M. Merczi and N. Sey have already published some more or less detailed parts of their research. During a research project, the author reinvestigated several archaeological finds which can be related to the fibula production of Brigetio. The main aim of this paper is the definition of the fibula variants and the examination of their regional distribution. Moreover, the dating of the locally manufactured fibula variants can be helpful to define the production period of the workshops.
Dissertationes Archaeologicae, 2019
The main aim of this paper is the presentation of two rare fibulae from the Eastern Cemetery of t... more The main aim of this paper is the presentation of two rare fibulae from the Eastern Cemetery of the civil town of Budapest/Aquincum. On the former territory of the Óbuda Gas Factory, new parts of the cemetery were excavated during the years 2004–2017 under the direction of G. Lassányi. The fibulae discussed in our study were found in the skeleton grave No. 795. These fibulae have a special form and their type can be defined easily. They belong to a low-numbered fibula type of Pannonia, the bow-tie shaped fibulae.
Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 2018
Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 2024
The main goal of this paper is to study a specific element of women's depicted costumes. Pictures... more The main goal of this paper is to study a specific element of women's depicted costumes. Pictures on stone monuments present local, so-called native women wearing complex attire of cloth, headwear, brooches, jewels, and other dress accessories. Thirteen stone monuments from Hungary depict local women with headwear-related accessories. The main questions are: what kind of accessories are they, and how can we evaluate their presence on depicted attires? I collected analogous depictions from other Provinces and studied archaeological material. Finally, I concluded that these headwear-related accessories connect to new cultural effects and the complex phenomenon of acculturation.
AQUINCUM ÆTERNUM. STUDIA IN HONOREM PAULA ZSIDI. Aquincum Nostrum. II/9., 2022
The Norico-Pannonian belt had an important role in the well known monograph of Jochen Garbsch. Ac... more The Norico-Pannonian belt had an important role in the well known monograph of Jochen Garbsch. According to his opinion, the Norico-Pannonian belt type decorated with fittings was a characteristic part of the so-called Norico-Pannonian native female attire. In this study, I would like to summarize the information about this belt type and present some items from Hungary.
Dissertationes Archaeologicae, 2021
Review article of PhD thesis submitted in 2020 to the Archaeological Doctoral Programme, Doctoral... more Review article of PhD thesis submitted in 2020 to the Archaeological Doctoral Programme, Doctoral School of History, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest under the supervision of Miklós Szabó.
Dissertationes Archaeologicae, 2022
Brigetio, along the Danube limes, was one of the four legionary bases of Pannonia and, thus, one ... more Brigetio, along the Danube limes, was one of the four legionary bases of Pannonia and, thus, one of the most important settlements of the province. The excavations conducted by the Eötvös Loránd University and the Klapka György Museum of Komárom lasted 25 years (1992–2016) and yielded unparalleled information about the spatial structure and the temporal setting of the Roman municipium. Numerous high-standard domestic buildings with hypocaust heating systems and figurative wall paintings were brought to light by the excavations. Besides, traces of several workshops were discovered, including a metal workshop, a secondary glass workshop and a bakery. Based on the countless small finds collected during the excavations, the civil town seems to have existed from the turn of the 1st and 2nd centuries AD to after the mid-3rd century AD when the inhabitants abandoned the municipium. The heyday of the settlement can be dated to the first half of the 3rd century AD; most findings and building remains came from this period. This paper summarizes the results of each excavation season with drawings and references to the most important small finds.
Dissertationes Archaeologicae, 2022
Brigetio, along the Danube limes, was one of the four legionary bases of Pannonia and, thus, one ... more Brigetio, along the Danube limes, was one of the four legionary bases of Pannonia and, thus, one of the most important settlements of the province. The last excavation season so far, conducted by the Eötvös Loránd University and the Klapka György Museum of Komárom, was in 2016. The finds from previous years have been published year by year from 2010. This paper presents a catalogue and evaluation of the finds of the last, 2016, excavation campaign.
Systematic excavations in the civil town of Brigetio have started in 1992, carried out by the Dep... more Systematic excavations in the civil town of
Brigetio have started in 1992, carried out by the
Department of Classical and Roman Archaeology
of Eötvös Loránd University and the Klapka György
Museum of Komárom. Main aims of the excavation
campaign of 2015 were to finish the excavation of
the cellar and a large pit nearby which have been
found in 2012–2013. The total excavated area in
2015 was approximately 150 m2.
The collapsed wooden ceiling of the cellar was
covered with a temporary wooden roof after the
excavation campaign of 2014. The first task of the
excavation in 2015 was removing this roof, then
cleaning and conserving the Roman wooden ceiling.
After the conservation of the wooden planks they
were taken out by restorers, then we started the
excavation of the lowest layers of the cellar. In a
depth of approximately 170 cm from the original
ceiling level, a very large amount of pottery
have been found on the floor of the cellar. It was
concentrated to the southern end of the cellar, where
the collapsed wooden ceiling was missing, which
indicates that originally there was an opening on
that side of the ceiling used as an entrance to the
cellar. After the cellar had been abandoned, but
before the collapse of the ceiling, a large amount of
pottery – including a lot of terra sigillata vessels
– and other rubbish was thrown down the floor of
the cellar through the entrance opening. The „other
rubbish” was surprisingly includes a Roman bronze
cavalry parade helmet, which is one of the most
extraordinary finds of the last years in Brigetio. In
the northern half of the cellar, under the collapsed
ceiling, an amphora of type Dressel 20 has been
found, which was originally served as a container
for olive oil from Baetica. Some of the tituli picti
were also preserved on the surface of the amphora.
Some metres southeast to the cellar a large pit
measuring 5×4 m has been found earlier, which
contained a huge amount of iron slags weighing
hundreds of kilograms, as well as bronze brooches,
bone hairpins and a lot of pottery. It could be
served as a waste pit related to nearby ironworking
activities. In a depth of more than three metres,
we have surprisingly found remains of stone walls
next to and parallel with the northern and southern
clay walls of the pit, which means that the pit was
originally a cellar with stone walls. The walls of
the cellar were systematically taken out as building
material after the abandonment of the cellar,
only the lower rows of the wall remained. After that,
the pit was filled up with the waste material of the
nearby metal workshop.
Besides the above-mentioned find material, a
bronze figurine of Amor should be mentioned. It
has been found in a 3rd century AD demolition layer
consisted of bricks and tiles, obviously in secondary
position. The figurine belonged most probably to a
household shrine in a neighbouring building.
In 2015 were 4201 ceramic fragments found wich
belong to the local and regional (pannonien) pottery
types. The percentage of these: 62% grey coarse
pottery, 20% self-colored pottery, 4% imitation of
the Pompeian red ware, 4% colour coated pottery,
3% pottery with colour-coated horizontal bands,
2% Firnisware-Imitation, 2% mortaria, 1% marbled
ware, 1% Pannonian grey slip ware with stampeddecoration, 1% incenser bowl, less than 1% handmade
pottery and face pots.
In 2015 were 190 glass fragments found in the
civil town of Brigetio. Among the glass fragments
the drinking vessels were dominate (40%), the
second group was the storage and container vessels,
only bottles were present in more significant
numbers (36% of the total), unguentaria occur less
frequently (13%). Finally a unique, stamped square
bottle base should be mentioned (the inscription as
follows: letter CL, A, CP, P). The base mark seems to
be something special: as for the symbol, the lozenge
inside a cercle, there are paralleles. They are used
by Claudia Italia and by Salvius Gratus as well as
by a person, who signed C/N/PG. There is a second
stamped square bottle from the cellar of the civil
town of Brigetio. (In 2014 came to light the other
base of a mould-blown square bottle with stamp “L
PVBLIC”.)
In this year the type of the import ceramics and
oil lamps are similar to the finds of the previous
years, except an early roman glazed pottery which
has been found on the floor of the cellar. This kind
of ceramic is relatively rare in Brigetio and in Pannonia.
The excavation revealed 493 terra sigillata
sherds, of which seven was imported from
Northern Italy, another seven was South Gaulish,
137 was Central Gaulish and from East Gaul
only two fragments. The material also contains
159 terra sigillata from Rheinzabern, 117 sherds
from Westerndorf and 10 from Pfaffenhofen. In
conclusion, the findings can be dated between the
2nd half of the 1st century AD and the middle of the
3rd century AD.
Two amphora fragments were found during
the excavations of the civil town of Brigetio in 2015.
Both amphorae contained olive oil: the product
stored in the Dressel 6B type vessel was imported
from the Istrian peninsula between the last quarter
of the 1st century AD and the first quarter of the 2nd
century AD. The Dressel 20 type amphora recovered
from the cellar demonstrates that the inhabitants
consumed Hispanian olive oil which arrived from
the Guadalquivir valley between the first quarter
of the 2nd c entury A D a nd t he b eginning o f t he 3 rd
century AD.
Only one fibula was found in 2015. It belongs
to „Hülsenspiralfibeln mit gegabeltem Bügel” and
it can be dated from the end of the 2nd century AD
to the beginning/third quarter of the 3rd century
AD. This fibula type was basically worn by roman
soldiers.
In 2015 altogether 20 coins were uncovered, of
which unfortunately only 7 were identifiable due
to the very bad preservation. This is owed to an
ancient fire after which the debris was used to fill
up the second cellar. The exposure to the extreme
heat caused most of the coins to deteriorate beyond
Kuny Domokos Múzeum Közleményei 22 (2016) 113–191.
![Research paper thumbnail of Hagyományőrzés és romanizáció az eraviscus viselet tükrében (Doktori disszertáció kézirata II.) [Tradition and Romanization through the attire of the Eraviscus tribe, PhD Dissertation, II.]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/81642388/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](A disszertáció második kötete a vizsgált temetkezésekről összeállított függelékkel, a fibulák és ... more A disszertáció második kötete a vizsgált temetkezésekről összeállított függelékkel, a fibulák és noricumi-pannoniai övtartozékok tipológiai, kronológiai és elterjedési képére vonatkozó adatainak felsorolásával, továbbá a feldolgozott síremlékek, fibulák és övtartozékok katalógusával.
![Research paper thumbnail of Hagyományőrzés és romanizáció az eraviscus viselet tükrében (Doktori disszertáció kézirata I.) [Tradition and Romanization through the attire of the Eraviscus tribe, PhD Dissertation, I.]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/81641831/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](A disszertáció célja, hogy a császárkori „bennszülött” női viseletről egy új összefoglalást nyújt... more A disszertáció célja, hogy a császárkori „bennszülött” női viseletről egy új összefoglalást nyújtson. A rendelkezésre álló forrásanyag alapján az egyik legkutathatóbb terület Északkelet-Pannonia térsége, ahol a kelta eraviscus törzs lokalizálható. Disszertációmban a „bennszülött” női viseletet a római szokás szerint állított síremlékek ábrázolásai alapján vizsgálom, elemzéseimbe bevonva az ismert tárgyi anyagot is.
A disszertáció első kötete, mely tartalmazza a törzsszöveget szövegközi ábrákkal, az ábrák jegyzékét és az irodalomjegyzéket.
by Ergun LAFLI, Alev Çetingöz, Maurizio Buora, Kerstin Bauer, Margherita Bolla, Nicoletta Martinelli, Elisabetta Gagetti, Natalia Novichenkova, Vlad-Andrei Lăzărescu, Angeliki Liveri, Tayla Newland, Manolis Petrakis, Aurel Mototolea, Csilla Sáró, Alka Starac, Salvo Micciché, Benyamin Storchan, Nino Sulava, Marissa Tsiao, Varbin Varbanov, mojca vomer gojkovic, Sorin Cocis, Kaloyan Pramatarov, Radu Petcu, Miglena Stamberova, Gian Luca Gregori, Chiara Ovoli, and Ralph Mathisen
Ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine fibulae. An international e-conference in honour of Dr Maurizio Buora, May 12-13, 2022 / Izmir, Turkey, Colloquia Anatolica et Aegaea - Congressus internationales Smyrnenses XII., 2022
This video conference took place on May 12-13, 2022 in Izmir, Turkey. All the lectures and discus... more This video conference took place on May 12-13, 2022 in Izmir, Turkey. All the lectures and discussions in our e-conference were in English, and were recorded for later viewing on YouTube for participants who were unable to attend the live performance.
Thematically papers were divided into 11 sessions, dealing with different aspects of Greek, Roman and Byzantine fibulae (cf. the program in the abstract booklet). Revised papers will be published in a peer-reviewed proceedings volume.
A fibula is a brooch or pin for fastening garments, typically at the right shoulder. The fibulae developed in a variety of shapes and are usually divided into families that are based upon historical periods, geography, and/or cultures. They are also divided into classes that are based upon their general forms. Fibulae were found in relatively large quantities in the Mediterranean and Black Sea area, where they were in use and produced frequently between the Bronze Age and Medieval periods. So far the study of these multifunctional objects has been overlooked in the Mediterranean whereas there is still a huge amount of unpublished material from excavations and museums in an area from Portugal down to Egypt.
Fibulae can be categorized based on different criteria, including genres of material, production, use and distribution. The purpose of this video conference was to create an analytical framework for understanding the fibulae in their social and material contexts. This conference considered in depth the role played by fibulas – whose uses ranged from clothes pins to status symbols to military badges of rank – in ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine societies. In recent decades, major excavation projects have produced vast quantities of material data that have reshaped our understanding of the fibulae, while also raising new questions about their use and production over the long term. We focused on a study of brooches in general and fibulas in particular. Along the way we looked at the intersection between material culture and ethnicity, dealing with the contentious issue of how much that a people’s material culture can tell us about their ethnicity – or not! In this online conference we only focused on Greek, Roman and Byzantine fibulae from the Mediterranean and Black Sea area between c. early sixth century B.C. and early seventh century A.D., and attempted to set out a comprehensive model for the study of fibulae, including their definition, typology, chronology, contexts, function, regional characteristics and distribution patterns in the whole Mediterranean and Black Sea geographies.
This conference on ancient material culture and instrumenta is dedicated to the 75th birthday of Dr Maurizio Buora, the former director of the Civici Musei Castello di Udine in Italy and an international authority on fibulae.
Such papers that engage the following themes and topics are invited:
- Fibulae from archaeological field projects (especially well-dated finds), museums and private collections,
- Identification of different kinds of fibulas,
- Ancient Greek and Latin textual sources on fibulae,
- Evolution of fibulae in the Mediterranean and Black Sea area during the Etruscan, Lydian, Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods,
- The construction of fibula taxonomies,
- Similar instrumenta in the ancient Near East and their relations to ancient Graeco-Roman fibulae, - The nature of different types of surviving material culture,
- What ancient Greeks and Romans thought about afterlife? Fibulae in funerary and votive contexts,
- Comparative studies and issues related to the adoption of Greek and/or Roman fibula models in indigenous contexts: fibulae as major indicators of the relationship between these two communities (indigenous and Greek or Roman),
- Fibula as an indicator of rank and prestige in the ancient world,
- Domestic and commercial use of fibulae,
- Early Christian fibulae,
- Byzantine fibulae,
- Post-Byzantine or modern replicas of Classical fibulae,
- Eastern fibulae in the ancient western world,
- Major production centres of fibulae in the eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea area,
- Related instrumenta to fibulae in the regards of their function,
- Documentation and analysis of fibulae,
- The creation of a fully annotated and organized corpus,
- Publication of fibulae in the Mediterranean in possible corpara,
- Miscellanea.
Archaeologiai Értesítő, 2024
In this paper, finds unearthed in the two new stone casket graves from the late Roman cemetery of... more In this paper, finds unearthed in the two new stone casket graves from the late Roman cemetery of Ulcisia (Szentendre, Hungary) are presented. Beside the typological and chronological analysis of the typical wear elements and grave finds from the 4th century AD, the characteristics of the ritual are presented, such as the non-appropriate placement of the attire elements in the burials or the custom of the meal offering at the tomb.
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A dolgozatban Szentendre késő római temetőjében előkerült két újabb kőládasírban feltárt tárgyi emlékanyagot mutatjuk be. A jellegzetes 4. századi viseleti elemek és mellékletek tipokronológiai elemzése mellett beszámolunk a sírok rítusbeli sajátosságairól, amelyek többek között újabb adatot szolgáltatnak pl. a viseleti elemek sírokban nem rendeltetésszerű helyen történő elhelyezésének, illetve a sírnál tartott megemlékezések során tett étel-/italfelajánlás szokásáról.