三 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: Ξ, ≡, ミ, 參, 叁, 彡, and 丰

Stroke order
3 strokes
Stroke order

三 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一一一 (MMM), four-corner 10101, composition ⿱一二 or ⿱𠄟一)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №4
simp. and trad. 三
alternative forms 叄／叁／參／参 financial𠫰／𠬅／𠬄 less used弎𢦘

Wikipedia has articles on:

| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | --------------- | | 三 | *suːm, *suːms | | 弎 | *suːm |

Ideogram (指事) - three parallel strokes. Compare with 一, one stroke meaning “one”, 二, two strokes meaning “two”, and 亖, four strokes meaning “four”.Triplication of 一 (“one”). See also 畺. Unrelated to 丰.

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-sum.

Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese should be *srim, but actually is *sam, with a non-retroflex initial consonant. This irregular development should be due by analogy with the initial of number four in EMC, *sijH.

Note: sānr - (1) "the other woman; the other man", (2) "rfdef".

Note:

Note:

Note:

Note:

Note: 1sa (Chuansha, Songjiang) - alternative.

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 三
Reading # 1/2
ModernBeijing(Pinyin) sān
MiddleChinese ‹ sam ›
OldChinese /*s.rum/ (*s.r- > s-; infl. by 四 *s-?)
English three
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 三
Reading # 1/2
No. 10963
Phoneticcomponent 三
Rimegroup 侵
Rimesubdivision 3
CorrespondingMC rime 三
OldChinese /*suːm/

三

  1. three
  2. (Mainland China, slang, neologism) the other woman; the other man
  3. (Mainland China, slang, neologism) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{[rfdef](/wiki/Template:rfdef#top "Template:rfdef")}}.
  4. a surname
Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
Normal(小寫 / 小写) 〇, 零, 空 一, 蜀 二, 兩 / 两 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬 / 万,十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) 百萬 / 百万,桶(Philippines),面桶 (Philippines) 億 / 亿 兆 (Taiwan)萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial(大寫 / 大写) 零 壹 貳 / 贰 參 / 叁 肆 伍 陸 / 陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟
Playing cards in Mandarin · 撲克牌／扑克牌 (pūkèpái) (layout · text)
尖兒 / 尖儿 (jiānr) 二 (èr) 三 (sān) 四 (sì) 五 (wǔ) 六 (liù) 七 (qī)
八 (bā) 九 (jiǔ) 十 (shí) 鉤兒 / 钩儿 (gōur) 圈兒 / 圈儿 (quānr), 皮蛋 (pídàn, regional) K 小王 (xiǎowáng, black), 大王 (red),小鬼 (xiǎoguǐ, black), 大鬼 (dàguǐ, red)

Others:

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 三
Reading # 2/2
ModernBeijing(Pinyin) sān
MiddleChinese ‹ samH ›
OldChinese /*s.r[u]m-s/ (*s.r- > *s-, infl. by 四 *s-?)
English three times
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 三
Reading # 2/2
No. 10965
Phoneticcomponent 三
Rimegroup 侵
Rimesubdivision 3
CorrespondingMC rime 三
OldChinese /*suːms/

三 (obsolete)

  1. repeatedly; thrice
    三思 ― sānsī ― to think carefully

Japanese cardinal numbers

< 2 3 4 >
Cardinal : 三

三

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. three
Kanji in this term
三
さんGrade: 1
on'yomi

*/sam/ → /samu/ → /saɴ/

From Middle Chinese 三 (MC sam|samH). Compare modern Mandarin 三 (sān), literary Hokkien 三 (sam), Cantonese 三 (saam1).

In Old Japanese, this kanji was used phonetically to transcribe さむ (samu).

三(さん) • (san)

  1. three, 3
    Synonym: スリー (surī)
  2. third
Kanji in this term
三
サンGrade: 1
tōon

Borrowing from Mandarin 三 (sān), with the pitch accent different from etymology 1. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

三(サン) • (san)

  1. three

Derived terms

Kanji in this term
三
みGrade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨mi1⟩ → /mi/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *mi.

Likely an apophonic form of 六 (mu, “six”), compare 四 (yo, “four”) with 八 (ya, “eight”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

三(み) • (mi)

  1. three
    一(ひ)、二(ふ)、**三(み)**、四(よ)、[…]
    hi, fu, mi, yo,[…]
    one, two, three, four, […]

Derived terms

Kanji in this term
三
みいGrade: 1
kun'yomi

/mi/ → /miː/

Shift from mi above.[1]

三(みい) • (mī)

  1. (colloquial) three
    一(ひい)、二(ふう)、**三(みい)**、四(よお)、五(いつ)、六(むう)、七(なあ)、八(やあ)、九(こお)、十(とお)
    hī, fū, mī, yō, itsu, mū, nā, yā, kō, tō
    one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten
v • d • eJapanese numbers
Number Kanji Kana Romaji
0 零 れい、ゼロ rei, zero
1 一、壱、弌、壹 いち ichi
2 二、弐、貳、貮 に ni
3 三、参 さん san
4 四、肆 よん、し yon, shi
5 五、伍 ご go
6 六、陸 ろく roku
7 七、漆 なな、しち nana, shichi
8 八、捌 はち hachi
9 九、玖 きゅう、く kyū, ku
10 十、拾 じゅう jū
100 百、陌、佰 ひゃく hyaku
1,000 千、阡、仟 せん sen
10,000 一万、万、一萬、萬 いちまん、まん ichiman, man
100,000,000 一億、億 いちおく、おく ichioku, oku
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean numbers (edit)

| | 30 | | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | ---------------------------------- | | ← 2 | 3 | 4 → | | Native isol.: 셋 (set) Native attr.: 세 (se), (dated) 석 (seok), (archaic) 서 (seo) Sino-Korean: 삼 (sam) Hanja: 三 Ordinal: 셋째 (setjjae) | | |

From Middle Chinese 三 (MC sam).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 삼 (Yale: sàm)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 석〯 (Yale: sěk) 삼 (Yale: sàm)

Wikisource

三 (eumhun 셋 삼 (set sam))

  1. hanja form? of 삼 (“three”)

Compounds

三: Hán Việt readings: tam (蘇(tô)甘(cam)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
三: Nôm readings: tam[1][2][3][4][5][6], ba[1], tám[5]

  1. chữ Hán form of tam (“three”).

  2. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).

  3. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

  4. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).

  5. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).

  6. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).

  7. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).