東 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 东 and 柬

Stroke order
8 strokes
Stroke order

東 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木田 (DW), four-corner 50906, composition ⿻木日 or ⿻束一)

trad. 東
simp. 东

Wikipedia has articles on:

| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | --------------- | | 東 | *toːŋ | | 菄 | *toːŋ | | 鶇 | *toːŋ | | 倲 | *toːŋ | | 涷 | *toːŋ, *toːŋs | | 蝀 | *toːŋ, *toːŋʔ | | 凍 | *toːŋ, *toːŋs | | 鯟 | *toːŋ | | 崠 | *toːŋ | | 埬 | *toːŋ | | 棟 | *toːŋs |

Jiajie (假借) and ideogram (指事): 束 (OC *hljoɡ) or 橐 (OC *tʰaːɡ) borrowed for sound 東 (OC *toːŋ), with a horizontal stroke added as a distinguishing mark to differentiate the character from 束.

Alternatively, it is also thought to be a pictogram (象形) of either a bundle of faggots tied together or a bag tied at both ends (like a cellophane-wrapped candy with the ends twisted).

Interpreted in the Shuowen Jiezi as an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) the sun (日) rising behind a tree (木). According to Allan (1991) p. 47-50, the character represents the Fu Sang tree. However, the original form is rather different, hence any interpretation tied to a tree is most likely a folk etymology.

See the top component of 曹 in the original version. See also 柬, 熏, 西 and 鹵/卤.

Cognate with Burmese ထွန်း (htwan:, “be bright”), Chepang थोङ्‌सा (thoŋ‑, “lighten; be bright”) and Chepang थोङ्‌ह (thoŋh, “awake time (as opposed to dream time)”) (Schuessler, 2007). Perhaps related to or influenced by 暾 (OC *tʰuːn, “rising sun”).

Note:

Note:

Note:

Note:

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 東
Reading # 1/1
ModernBeijing(Pinyin) dōng
MiddleChinese ‹ tuwng ›
OldChinese /*tˁoŋ/ (< *tˁoŋʔ ?)
English east
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 東
Reading # 1/1
No. 2435
Phoneticcomponent 東
Rimegroup 東
Rimesubdivision 0
CorrespondingMC rime 東
OldChinese /*toːŋ/
Notes 種（種籽）初文，甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽，參敕字陳字注

東

  1. east
    東亞／东亚 ― Dōngyà ― East Asia
    東德／东德 ― Dōngdé ― East Germany
  2. host
    做東／做东 ― zuòdōng ― to be host
  3. landlord; owner
    房東／房东 ― fángdōng ― landlord
    股東／股东 ― gǔdōng ― shareholder
  4. (Teochew) side
  5. (Korean Classical Chinese) Korea
    大東 [Korean Literary Sinitic] ― Daedong [Sino-Korean] ― Korea
  6. (～日) (telegraphy) the first day of a month

compass points: 方位 (fāngwèi): [edit]

西北 (xīběi) 北 東北 / 东北 (dōngběi)
西 (xī) 東 / 东 (dōng)
西南 (xīnán) 南 東南 / 东南 (dōngnán)

Others:

東

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Compounds

Kanji in this term
東
ひがしGrade: 2
kun'yomi

/ɸiŋɡaɕi/ → /ɸiɡaɕi/ → /hiɡaɕi/

Sound shift from hingashi (see Etymology 2 below).

Now the standard word for east.[1][2]

東(ひがし) • (higashi)

  1. the east (compass point)
    Antonym: 西 (nishi)
  2. the Orient
    Synonym: 東洋 (tōyō)
  3. an easterly (wind blowing from the east)
    Synonym: 東風 (kochi, kochikaze, tōfū, higashikaze)
  4. (sumo) higher-ranked wrestlers listed on the right of a banzuke
    Antonym: 西 (nishi)
  5. an Eastern Bloc country
    Synonym: 東側 (higashigawa)
    Antonym: 西 (nishi)
  6. (regional, historical) Kamakura and/or Edo, as opposed to Kyoto and Osaka
    Antonym: 西 (nishi)
  7. (theater) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{[rfdef](/wiki/Template:rfdef#top "Template:rfdef")}}.

compass points: 方角 (hōgaku): [edit]

北西 (hokusei)西北 (seihoku) 北 (kita) 北東 (hokutō)東北 (tōhoku)
西 (nishi) 東 (higashi)
西南 (seinan)南西 (nansei) 南 (minami) 東南 (tōnan)南東 (nantō)

Derived terms

東(ひがし) • (Higashi)

  1. a historical red-light district in Edo located east of Edo Castle, today in Fukagawa, Kōtō, Tokyo prefecture
  2. (Buddhism) Short for 東本願寺 (Higashi Hongan-ji): a Buddhist temple in Shimogyō, Kyoto, Japan
    Synonym: お東 (o-Higashi)
  3. Higashi (multiple places throughout Japan, especially referring to a ward in Okayama, Kumamoto, Sakai, Sapporo, Nagoya, Niigata, Hamamatsu, Hiroshima and Fukuoka)
  4. A former ward in Osaka, Japan
  5. a surname
    **東(ひがし)**音(おと)高(たか)
    Higashi Ototaka
    Ototaka Higashi, pediatrician known for Chédiak–Higashi syndrome
Kanji in this term
東
ひんがしGrade: 2
irregular

*⟨pi1 muka si⟩ → */pʲimukasi/ → /pimʉɡasi/ → /ɸimʉɡaɕi/ → /ɸiŋɡaɕi/ → /hiŋɡaɕi/

Shift from Old Japanese 東 (*pi1mukasi).[1][2]

東(ひんがし) • (hingashi)

  1. (obsolete) the east

For quotations using this term, see Citations:東.

Derived terms

Kanji in this term
東
あずまGrade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
吾妻吾嬬

⟨aduma⟩ → /ad͡zuma/ → /azuma/

From Old Japanese,[1][2] itself of unknown derivation.

東(あずま) • (azuma) ←**あづま** (aduma)?

  1. (archaic) the east
  2. (archaic) the lands east of the 都 (miyako, “imperial capital”)
  3. (regional, historical) during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, the Kamakura region or its titular 幕府 (bakufu, “shogunate”), as opposed to the imperial capital of Kyoto
  4. (regional, historical) during the Edo period, the region around Edo
  5. Short for 東つ (azumatsu): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{[rfdef](/wiki/Template:rfdef#top "Template:rfdef")}}.
  6. Short for 東琴 (azumagoto): a six-stringed Japanese zither
  7. Short for 東下駄 (azumageta): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{[rfdef](/wiki/Template:rfdef#top "Template:rfdef")}}.

Derived terms

東(あずま) • (Azuma) ←**あづま** (Aduma)?

  1. a placename
  2. a unisex given name
  3. a surname
Kanji in this term
東
とうGrade: 2
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 東 (MC tuwng).

東(とう) • (Tō)

  1. Short for 関東 (Kantō):: the Kantō region of Japan
  2. Short for 東国 (Tōgoku): a historical administrative division of Japan, corresponding to the modern Kantō and Tōkai regions
  3. Short for 東京 (Tōkyō): Tokyo
  4. a surname

東(とう) • (tō)

  1. (music) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{[rfdef](/wiki/Template:rfdef#top "Template:rfdef")}}.

東(とう) • (tō)

  1. east
Kanji in this term
東
とんGrade: 2
sōon

From Mandarin 東 / 东 (dōng).

Compare Wu 東 / 东 (ton), Hakka 東 / 东 (tûng), Min Nan 東 / 东 (tong).

東(トン) • (ton)

  1. (mahjong) east wind (mahjong tile)
    Hypernym: 風牌 (kazehai, fanpai)
  2. (mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of east wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)
    Hypernym: 役牌 (yakuhai, yaku-pai)

東(とん) • (Ton)

  1. a surname
Kanji in this term
東
あきらGrade: 2
nanori

Nominalization of the stem of adjective 明らか (akiraka, “clear”).

東(あきら) • (Akira)

  1. a surname
  2. a male given name
Kanji in this term
東
のぼるGrade: 2
nanori

Nominalization of verb 上る, 登る (noboru, “to ascend, rise”).

東(のぼる) • (Noboru)

  1. a male given name
Kanji in this term
東
はじめGrade: 2
nanori

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 始める (hajimeru, “to begin, start”).

東(はじめ) • (Hajime)

  1. a surname

  2. a male given name

  3. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

  4. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

  5. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

From Middle Chinese 東 (MC tuwng).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 도ᇰ (Yale: twòng)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 도ᇰ녁 (Yale: twòngnyèk) 도ᇰ (Yale: twòng)

Wikisource

東 (eumhun 동녘 동 (dongnyeok dong))

  1. hanja form? of 동 (“east; eastern”)

Compounds

東

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Kanji in this term
東
あがりGrade: 2
kun'yomi

From 上り (agari, “ascent, rise”) in reference to the direction where the sun rises or ascends.

東(あがり) (agari)

  1. east

Ultimate derivation unknown.

A speculative origin might be a compound of 天 (ama, “sky, heavens”, combining form) +‎ 端 (tuma, “edge, beginning”), but the elision of the ma in ama does not follow normal patterns.

東 (aduma) (kana あづま)

  1. the east
  2. the lands east of the 都 (mi1yako1, “imperial capital”)

For quotations using this term, see Citations:東.

Found in one poem of the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE), but consistently spelled with this single kanji rather than in man'yōgana, thus leaving the reading unspecified.

Originally a compound of 日 (pi1, “sun”) +‎ 向か (muka, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 向く (muku), “to face a direction”).[1][2] The final -si is possibly either the 風 (si) affix meaning “wind”, or a suffix indicating direction as in 昔 (mukasi, “past”).

東 (*pi1mukasi) (kana ひむかし)

  1. the east

For quotations using this term, see Citations:東.

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

東: Hán Việt readings: đông[1][2][3][4][5][6]
東: Nôm readings: đông[1][2][3], đang[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of đông (“east, eastern”).

compass points: [edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Trần (1999).
  5. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  6. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).

東

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

From 上り (agari, “ascent, rise”) in reference to the direction where the sun rises or ascends.

東(あがり) (agari)

  1. east