矣 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

矣 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+2, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈人大 (IOK), four-corner 23430, composition ⿱厶矢)

• 俟, 诶, 𠤘, 唉, 埃, 娭, 挨, 涘, 𡱢, 𢈟, 𢏦, 𢓪, 𢚝, 𫘤, 㶼, 㸻, 欸, 逘, 𦮸, 𫞀, 𬂼, 䀵, 竢, 𤶗, 𥏖, 𥒲, 𬭐, 𦩈, 𦩉, 𪠠, 𫆆, 誒, 𬦑, 𥏳, 𨧚, 𨴱, 騃, 𬵖
• Kangxi Dictionary: page 823, character 37
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23931
• Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2580, character 4
• Unihan data for U+77E3

| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | | 唉 | *qʰlɯː, *qɯː, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ | | 埃 | *qlɯː | | 欸 | *qɯː, *qʰrɯːs | | 娭 | *qɯː, *qʰlɯ | | 挨 | *qlɯːʔ, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ | | 騃 | *ŋrɯːʔ, *sɢrɯʔ | | 俟 | *sɢrɯʔ, *ɡlɯl | | 竢 | *sɢrɯʔ | | 涘 | *sɢrɯʔ | | 誒 | *qʰlɯ | | 矣 | *ɢlɯʔ |

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢlɯʔ): phonetic 㠯 (OC *lɯʔ) + semantic 矢 (“arrow”). 矢 (OC *hliʔ) may also act as a phonetic component.

Pulleyblank (1995) tentatively suggests a connection to adverb 已 (OC *lɯʔ, “already, perfective marker”), drawing a parallel with the 了₁ (perfective particle) and 了₂ (change of state modal particle) meanings of 了 (le), but doubts that they are etymologically related, suggesting the connection may be purely semantic and for aspectual functions.

• Mandarin
  (Pinyin): yǐ (yi3)
  (Zhuyin): ㄧˇ
• Cantonese
  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ji5
  (Taishan, Wiktionary): yi4
• Hakka
  (Sixian, PFS): í
  (Meixian, Guangdong): yi1
• Northern Min (KCR): ì
• Eastern Min (BUC): é
• Southern Min
  (Hokkien, POJ): í / --i / ì
  (Teochew, Peng'im): in7 / i7
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6yi
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): i3

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)+
    * Hanyu Pinyin: yǐ
    * Zhuyin: ㄧˇ
    * Tongyong Pinyin: yǐ
    * Wade–Giles: i3
    * Yale: yǐ
    * Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yii
    * Palladius: и (i)
    * Sinological IPA (key): /i²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    * Jyutping: ji5
    * Yale: yíh
    * Cantonese Pinyin: ji5
    * Guangdong Romanization: yi5
    * Sinological IPA (key): /jiː¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    * Wiktionary: yi4
    * Sinological IPA (key): /ji²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    * Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: í
    * Hakka Romanization System: iˋ
    * Hagfa Pinyim: i3
    * Sinological IPA: /i³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    * Guangdong: yi1
    * Sinological IPA: /i⁴⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    * Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ì
    * Sinological IPA (key): /i⁴²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    * Bàng-uâ-cê: é
    * Sinological IPA (key): /ɛi²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í
    * Tâi-lô: í
    * Phofsit Daibuun: ie
    * IPA (Quanzhou): /i⁵⁵⁴/
    * IPA (Kaohsiung): /i⁴¹/
    * IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /i⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: --i
    * Tâi-lô: --i
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ì
    * Tâi-lô: ì
    * Phofsit Daibuun: ix
    * IPA (Kaohsiung): /i²¹/
    * IPA (Taipei): /i¹¹/
  • (Teochew)
    * Peng'im: in7 / i7
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: īⁿ / ī
    * Sinological IPA (key): /ĩ¹¹/, /i¹¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    * Wugniu: 6yi
    * MiniDict: yi去
    * Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3hhi
    * Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦi²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    * Wiktionary: i3
    * Sinological IPA (key): /i⁴¹/

• Middle Chinese: hiX

• Old Chinese
  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qəʔ/
  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢlɯʔ/

矣

1. (literary) Particle expressing completion, similar to 了 (le) in Standard Mandarin.
2. (literary) Particle expressing exclamation, similar to 啦 (la) in Standard Mandarin.

Dialectal synonyms of 了 (“(perfective particle)”) [map]

• 久矣
• 何彼襛矣 / 何彼𰳺矣
• 吾道東矣 / 吾道东矣
• 垂垂老矣 (chuíchuílǎoyǐ)
• 大事去矣
• 已矣
• 悔之晚矣 (huǐ zhī wǎn yǐ)
• 方寸亂矣 / 方寸乱矣
• 早聞道，夕死可矣 / 早闻道，夕死可矣 (zǎo wén dào, xī sǐ kě yǐ)
• 朝聞道，夕死可矣 / 朝闻道，夕死可矣 (zhāo wén dào, xī sǐ kě yǐ)
• 此言差矣
• 皇矣
• 瞠乎後矣 / 瞠乎后矣
• 瞻彼洛矣
• 耳矣

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Reduced form of 啦 (--lah) or 了 (liáu)? Compare Min Dong 了 (lāu) and Hakka 了 (lê; ê)”)

• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): ê3
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): --a / --ah

• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    * Guangdong: ê3
    * Sinological IPA: /e³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: --a
    * Tâi-lô: --a
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: --ah
    * Tâi-lô: --ah

矣

1. (Mainland China Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien, dialectal Hakka) Sentence-final particle expressing completion, similar to 了 (le) in Standard Mandarin.
   我食飽矣／我食饱矣 [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― Góa chia̍h-pá--ah [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― I've eaten already. / I am now full.

Dialectal synonyms of 了 (“(perfective particle)”) [map]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• Mandarin
  (Pinyin): xián (xian2)
  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)+
    * Hanyu Pinyin: xián
    * Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
    * Tongyong Pinyin: sián
    * Wade–Giles: hsien2
    * Yale: syán
    * Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
    * Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
    * Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

矣

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Transcription of the word for rhinoceros in a language used in ancient Yunnan.
   • 犀謂之矣（讀如咸）。 [Classical Chinese, _trad._]
     犀谓之矣（读如咸）。 [Classical Chinese, _simp._]
     From: Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 8
     Xī wèi zhī xián (dú rú xián). [Pinyin]
     Rhinoceroses are known as 矣 (read as 咸).

矣

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. kanbun (Literary Chinese) sentence particle

• On (unclassified): い (i)

矣 (eumhun 어조사 의 (eojosa ui))

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矣: Hán Nôm readings: hỉ, hở, hỹ, hẻ, hĩ, hơi, hãy

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{[rfdef](/wiki/Template:rfdef#top "Template:rfdef")}}.

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