鶴 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

See also: 鹤

鶴 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+10, 21 strokes, cangjie input 十土竹日火 (JGHAF) or 人土竹日火 (OGHAF), four-corner 47227, composition ⿰隺鳥)

trad. 鶴
simp. 鹤
alternative forms 鸖䳽／𮹙隺

| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | ----------------------------- | | 鶴 | *ɡloːwɢ | | 髉 | *pqroːwɢ | | 篧 | *skroːwɢ, *sɡroːwɢ | | 榷 | *kroːwɢ | | 搉 | *kroːwɢ, *kroːwɢ, *kʰroːwɢ | | 傕 | *kroːwɢ | | 確 | *kʰroːwɢ | | 寉 | *ɡluːwɢ | | 蒮 | *luwɢ |

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡloːwɢ) : phonetic 寉 (OC *ɡluːwɢ) + semantic 鳥.

Possibly from Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kl(uə)k (“white”), whence Proto-Vietic *t-lɔːk (“white”) but Old Mon kloh (“crane”).

Note:

Note:

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鶴 鶴
Reading # 1/2 2/2
ModernBeijing(Pinyin) hè hè
MiddleChinese ‹ hæwk › ‹ hak ›
OldChinese /*[ɡ]ˁrawk/ /*[ɡ]ˁawk/
English white (of birds) crane
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鶴
Reading # 1/1
No. 5092
Phoneticcomponent 寉
Rimegroup 藥
Rimesubdivision 3
CorrespondingMC rime 涸
OldChinese /*ɡloːwɢ/

鶴

  1. crane (bird)
  2. white
  3. a surname

鶴

(Jōyō kanji)

Kanji in this term
鶴
つるGrade: S
kun'yomi

Given a crane's long neck and how the bird hunts, possibly related to 蔓 (tsuru, “vine”); 弦 (tsuru, “bowstring; musical instrument string”); 釣る, 吊る (tsuru, “to hang down; to string up; to fish”). Given how cranes flock together, possibly related also to 連る (tsuru), older root form of modern verb 連れる (tsureru, “to accompany”). That said, 連る also appears to ultimately derive from 蔓 (tsuru, “vine”).

Vovin (2008) considers it possibly related to an ancestor of Korean 두루미 (durumi, “crane”), with a root-final -m vanishing later, leaving only a Kansai accent pattern behind.[1] May ultimately be a regional Wanderwort. Compare also Proto-Finno-Ugric *tërka (“crane”), and Proto-Turkic *turunya (“crane”) (whence Turkish turna), Mongolian тогоруу (togoruu, “crane”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

The reading tsuru is first seen used to mean “a crane” from the late Heian period. Prior to that time, the only reading used for the bird was tazu. However, the kanji 鶴 was used in the Man'yōshū (759 CE) as a 借訓 (shakkun) reading for つる (turu → tsuru), the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of つ (tu → tsu, auxiliary verb of affirmation, certainty, or completion), suggesting that tsuru may have already existed as an everyday term meaning “a crane”.[2]

鶴(つる) or 鶴(ツル) • (tsuru)

  1. a crane (large, long-legged and long-necked bird of the family Gruidae)
  2. Short for 折鶴 (orizuru): a paper crane, the archetypical origami design
  3. Short for 鶴嘴 (tsuruhashi): a pickaxe
  4. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) depicting a crane
  5. (euphemistic) white hair
    Synonym: 白髪 (shiraga)
  6. a decoration made of straws and reeds in the form of two cranes, used during the 14th year of the first month in the former town of Sakurajima, Kagoshima Prefecture

鶴(つる) • (Tsuru)

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname
Kanji in this term
鶴
たずGrade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
田鶴

/tadu/ → /tad͡zu/ → /tazu/

From Old Japanese.[2][3]

Speculatively, this could be analyzed as a compound of た (ta, possibly 田 (“rice paddy”), where cranes are known to hunt) +‎ つ (*tsu, uncertain, possibly “a large bird”), wherein the tsu changes to dzu, modern zu, as an instance of rendaku (連濁). This tsu may be the tsu in modern tsuru above. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

鶴(たず) • (tazu) ←**たづ** (tadu)?

  1. (archaic, poetic) a crane (large, long-legged and long-necked bird of the family Gruidae)
Kanji in this term
鶴
かくGrade: S
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 鶴 (MC hak).

Compare modern Mandarin 鶴／鹤 (hè).

鶴(かく) • (kaku)

  1. crane (large bird of the family Gruidae)
  2. cranelike
  1. ^ Bjarke Frellesvig and John Whitman, editors (2008), chapter 7, in Proto-Japanese: Issues and Prospects, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, Proto-Japanese beyond the accent system, pages 140-156
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

From Middle Chinese 鶴 (MC hak).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅘᅡᆨ〮 (Yale: hhák)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 학〮 (Yale: hák) 학〮 (Yale: hák)

Wikisource

鶴 (eumhun 두루미 학 (durumi hak))

  1. hanja form? of 학 (“crane (bird)”) [noun]

Compounds

鶴

(Jōyō kanji)

鶴

(Jōyō kanji)

Kanji in this term
鶴
ちるGrade: S
kun'yomi

Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *turum.

Cognate with Japanese 鶴 (tsuru).

鶴(ちる) (chiru)

  1. a crane (large, long-legged and long-necked bird of the family Gruidae)
  1. ^ “チル” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).(permanent dead link)

Possibly a compound of 田 (ta, “rice paddy”, where cranes are known to hunt) +‎ つ (*tu, uncertain, possibly “a large bird”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

鶴 (tadu) (kana たづ)

  1. a crane (large, long-legged and long-necked bird of the family Gruidae)
    • 藻苅舟奧榜來良之妹之嶋形見之浦爾鶴翔所見
      mokari-bune oki1 ko2gi1kurasi Imogasima Katami1-no2-ura ni tadu kake2ru mi1yu
      Rowing the seaweed-gathering boat out to sea and back again, I saw the cranes soaring by Katami inlet on Imogashima.
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:鶴.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:鶴.

The 借訓 (shakkun) reading of modern Japanese 鶴 (tsuru, “crane”).

In turn, from Proto-Japonic *turum (“crane”).

鶴 (turu)

  1. Denotes phonographic disyllable つる (turu)
    • ...相見鶴鴨
      ...api1mituru ka mo
      ...[as] they looked [at each other]!

鶴: Hán Nôm readings: hạc

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