knave - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Middle English knave, knafe, from Old English cnafa (“child, boy, youth; servant”), from Proto-West Germanic *knabō. Cognate to Dutch knaap and German Knabe.
knave (plural knaves)
- (archaic) A boy; especially, a boy servant.
- (archaic) Any male servant; a menial.
- c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:
Many a duteous and knee-crooking knave that, doting on his own obsequious bondage, wears out his time, much like his master's ass, For naught but provender, and when he's old – cashier'd! Whip me such honest knaves.
- c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:
- (dated) A tricky, deceitful fellow; a dishonest person.
Synonyms: rogue, villain; see also Thesaurus:villain- 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “A Further Account of Glubbdubdrib. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume II, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part III (A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdribb, Luggnagg, and Japan), page 108:
I could plainly diſcover from whence one Family derives a long Chin; why a ſecond hath abounded with Knaves for two Generations, and Fools for two more; why a third happened to be crack-brained, and a fourth to be Sharpers. - 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 44, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:
He was a man whom scarcely any amount of fortune could have benefited permanently, and who was made to be ruined, to cheat small tradesmen, to be the victim of astuter sharpers: to be niggardly and reckless, and as destitute of honesty as the people who cheated him, and a dupe, chiefly because he was too mean to be a successful knave. - 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter II, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:
I had never defrauded a man of a farthing, nor called him knave behind his back. But now the last rag that covered my nakedness had been torn from me. I was branded a blackleg, card-sharper, and murderer.
- 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “A Further Account of Glubbdubdrib. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume II, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part III (A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdribb, Luggnagg, and Japan), page 108:
- (card games) A playing card marked with the figure of a servant or a soldier.
Synonyms: jack; J (symbol)
- beknave
- knave bairn
- knave of clubs
- knave of diamonds
- knave of hearts
- knave of spades
- knaveproof
- knavery
- knaveship
- knavess
- knavish
archaic: boy; especially, boy servant
- Bulgarian: прислу́жник (bg) m (prislúžnik)
- Catalan: patge (ca) m
- Dutch: knaap (nl) m
- Finnish: knaapi, hovipoika (fi)
- French: page (fr) m
- German: Knabe (de) m, Knappe (de) m, Junge (de) m
- Italian: paggio (it) m
- Polish: chłopiec pracujący jako służący m
- Portuguese: pajem (pt) m
- Romanian: paj (ro) m
- Russian: ма́льчик-слуга́ m (málʹčik-slugá), прислу́жник (ru) m (prislúžnik)
- Spanish: paje (es) m
- Swahili: ghulamu (sw)
- Swedish: hjon (sv) n
archaic: any male servant
- Dutch: boy (nl) m, knecht (nl) m
- Finnish: knaapi
- Georgian: ლაქია (lakia), მსახური (msaxuri)
- German: Knecht (de) m
- Italian: garzone (it) m, giovane (it) c
- Polish: sługa (pl) m
- Romanian: servitor (ro) m
- Russian: прислу́жник (ru) m (prislúžnik), лаке́й (ru) m (lakéj)
- Spanish: mozo (es) m
- Swahili: ghulamu (sw)
- Swedish: dräng (sv) c (farmhand)
deceitful fellow
- Bulgarian: моше́ник (bg) m (mošénik)
- Chinese:
Mandarin: 惡棍 / 恶棍 (zh) (ègùn) - Czech: lotr (cs) m, darebák (cs) m, ničema (cs) m, bídák m
- Dutch: schelm (nl) m
- Finnish: lurjus (fi)
- French: voyou (fr) m, fourbe (fr) m, faquin (fr) m
- Georgian: არამზადა (aramzada), გაიძვერა (gaiʒvera), თაღლითი (taɣliti)
- German: Gauner (de) m, Schurke (de) m, Bösewicht (de) m, Übeltäter (de) m, Unhold (de) m, Strolch (de) m
- Greek: απατεών m (apateón)
Ancient Greek: πανοῦργος m (panoûrgos) - Hungarian: gazember (hu), lókötő (hu), pernahajder (hu), csibész (hu), zsivány (hu)
- Japanese: 悪党 (ja) (あくとう, akutō)
- Macedonian: и́змамник m (ízmamnik)
- Plautdietsch: Hollunk m
- Polish: niegodziwiec (pl) m
- Romanian: pungaș (ro) m, bandit (ro) m, ticălos (ro) m, nemernic (ro) m
- Russian: подле́ц (ru) m (podléc), плут (ru) m (plut), жу́лик (ru) m (žúlik), негодя́й (ru) m (negodjáj), подо́нок (ru) m (podónok)
- Spanish: bellaco (es) m, villano (es) m
- Swahili: ghulamu (sw)
- Swedish: skojare (sv) c, gynnare (sv) c
- Turkish:
Ottoman Turkish: لوند (levend)
playing card
- Ahtna: kohtʼaene
- Albanian: fant (sq) m
- Arabic: أَعْرَج m (ʔaʕraj)
- Armenian: զինվոր (hy) (zinvor), վալետ (hy) (valet) (colloquial)
- Azerbaijani: valet, vale (az), oğlan (az)
- Belarusian: вале́т (be) m (valjét), ні́жнік m (nížnik) (dated)
- Bengali: গোলাম (bn) (gōlam)
- Bulgarian: вале́ n (valé)
- Burmese: ဂျက် (my) (gyak)
- Catalan: sota (ca) f
- Chickasaw: minko' oshi'
- Chinese:
Cantonese: 積 / 积 (yue) (zik1)
Mandarin: 鉤 / 钩 (zh) (gōu), J (zh) - Czech: spodek (cs) m, kluk (cs) m
- Danish: knægt (da) c
- Dutch: boer (nl) m, zot (nl) m (Flemish)
- Esperanto: bubo (eo), fanto, paĝio
- Estonian: poiss (et), soldat (et)
- Finnish: jätkä (fi), sotilas (fi), sotamies (fi), solttu (fi)
- French: valet (fr) m
- Georgian: ვალეტი (ka) (valeṭi)
- German: Bube (de) m
- Greek: βαλές (el) m (valés)
- Hebrew: נָסִיךְ (he) m (nasíkh)
- Hindi: ग़ुलाम (hi) m (ġulām)
- Hungarian: bubi (hu), jumbó
- Icelandic: gosi m
- Ido: pajo (io)
- Irish: cuireata m
- Italian: fante (it)
- Japanese: ジャック (ja) (jakku)
- Kazakh: балта (balta)
- Khmer: កាតឹប (km) (kaatəp)
- Korean: 잭 (jaek)
- Kyrgyz: валет (valet), балта (ky) (balta)
- Latvian: kalps m
- Lithuanian: žemys m, žemukas m, kojinis m, kaplys m
- Macedonian: џа́ндар m (džándar)
- Malay: pekak (ms)
- Maltese: kavall m
- Mansi:
Northern Mansi: (please verify) хӯсь (hūsʹ) - Māori: tiaki
- Mongolian:
Cyrillic: боол (mn) (bool)
Mongolian script: ᠪᠣᠭᠣᠯ (boɣol) - Navajo: sóóda
- Norman: valet m
- Norwegian:
Bokmål: knekt m
Nynorsk: knekt m - Ojibwe: zhiimaaganish
- Persian:
Iranian Persian: سَرْباز (sarbâz) - Polish: walet (pl) m, jopek (pl) m
- Portuguese: valete (pt) m
- Romanian: valet (ro) m
- Russian: вале́т (ru) m (valét)
- Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: де̏чко m, жа̏ндар m, жа̏ца m, пу̏б m
Latin: dȅčko (sh) m, žȁndar (sh) m, žȁca (sh) m, pȕb (sh) m - Sicilian: donna (scn) f
- Silesian: dupek m
- Slovak: dolník m
- Slovene: fant (sl) m, pob m
- Spanish: sota (es) f
- Swahili: ghulamu (sw) class V, mzungu wa tatu class I
- Swedish: knekt (sv) c
- Tajik: саллот (sallot)
- Thai: แจ็ค (jɛ̀k)
- Turkish: bacak (tr), oğlan (tr), vale (tr)
Ottoman Turkish: اوغلان (oğlan), باجاق (bacak), فانتی (fanti) - Ukrainian: вале́т (uk) m (valét)
- Urdu: غُلام m (ġulām)
- Uzbek: valet, sallot (uz)
- Vietnamese: bồi (vi)
- Welsh: jac m, milwr (cy) m
- Yiddish: פּויער m (poyer)
- Zazaki: vale, zelat
| Playing cards in English · playing cards (layout · text) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ace | deuce, two | three, trey | four, cater | five, cinque | six | seven |
| eight | nine | ten | jack, knave | queen | king | joker |
From Old English cnafa, from Proto-Germanic *knabô. Compare knape.
knave (plural knaves or knaven)
- son, male child (offspring)
- boy, lad, male child or baby
- guy, bloke, man
- servant, hireling, menial
- peasant, lowly individual
- infantryman, soldier
- knave, caitiff, despicable individual
- knave child
- English: knave
- Middle Scots: knave, knafe, knaif
- Scots: knave
- → Middle Welsh: cnaf
- Welsh: cnaf
- “knāve, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 23 April 2018.