surround - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Proto-Indo-European *upér

English surround

From Middle English sourrounden (“to submerge, overflow”), from Middle French souronder, suronder, from Late Latin superundō, from super + undō (“to rise in waves”), from unda (“wave”).

surround (third-person singular simple present surrounds, present participle surrounding, simple past and past participle surrounded)

  1. (transitive) To encircle something or simultaneously extend in all directions.
    Synonym: bound
    • 1944, Miles Burton, chapter 5, in The Three Corpse Trick:
      The hovel stood in the centre of what had once been a vegetable garden, but was now a patch of rank weeds. Surrounding this, almost like a zareba, was an irregular ring of gorse and brambles, an unclaimed vestige of the original common.
    • 1944 November and December, A Former Pupil, “Some Memories of Crewe Works—II”, in Railway Magazine, page 342:
      It took a long time for the place to warm up and to counteract the cold and enable their fingers to cope with the delicate task of moulding, the men would often surround themselves with blocks of iron heated in the furnace.
    • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Miss Thyrza’s Chair”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 41:
      Sepia Delft tiles surrounded the fireplace, their crudely drawn Biblical scenes in faded cyclamen blending with the pinkish pine, while above them, instead of a mantelshelf, there was an archway high enough to form a balcony with slender balusters and a tapestry-hung wall behind.
    • 2005, Plato, translated by Lesley Brown, Sophist, page 230c:
      and this way they get rid of those grand and stubborn opinions that surround them.
    • 2018 November 8, Dr. Melina Jampolis, “The real science behind fascia ailments”, in CNN‎[1]:
      The superficial fascia surrounds the body and includes subcutaneous fat; the deep fascia surrounds the musculoskeletal system; the meningeal fascia surrounds the nervous system; the visceral fascia surrounds body cavities and organs.
  2. (transitive) To enclose or confine something on all sides so as to prevent escape.
    The lions surrounded the deer herd so they had no way to escape.
    They surrounded each other in the classroom and started trading hits.
  3. (transitive, obsolete) To pass around; to travel about; to circumnavigate.
    to surround the world
    • 1650, Thomas Fuller, “The Description of the Tribe of Benjamin”, in A Pisgah-sight of Palestine and the Confines thereof, with the History of the Old and New Testament Acted thereon, London: […] J. F. for John Williams […], →OCLC, book II, paragraph 16, pages 247–248:
      Unfitting it vvas, that the body of that vvorthy Patriarch [Joseph] (to vvhom all the land belonged by promiſe) ſhould ſteale into that Countrey in a clandeſtine vvay, and privately enter in at the poſtern door, rather let it ſolemnly ſurround the Countrey, and be brought in at the broad gates. Thus the corps of men of quality, though the Chancell-door be nearer, are borne through the porch and middle-alley to the place of their interment.

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to encircle something or simultaneously extend in all directions — see also encircle,‎ beset,‎ besiege

to enclose to prevent escape

surround (plural surrounds)

  1. (British) Anything, such as a fence or border, that surrounds something.
    • 1972, Frederick Forsyth, The Odessa File, Viking, SBN 670-52042-x, chapter 15, page 283:
      He drifted through the room, avoiding the furniture by instinct, closed the door that led to the passage, and only then flicked on his flashlight.
      It swept around the room, picking out a desk, a telephone, a wall of bookshelves, and a deep armchair, and finally settled on a handsome fireplace with a large surround of red brick.