Abubakar El-Ishaq | Federal Polytechnic Damaturu (original) (raw)

evaluation of water quality parameters from five l by Abubakar El-Ishaq

Water is one of the basic components of the biotic environment and all living organism’s activiti... more Water is one of the basic components of the biotic environment
and all living organism’s activities depend on it. For water to befit
for the industrial and domestic usage, it needs to be handled with
care to maintain its purity. The aim of this study is to qualitatively
evaluate some physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters
of water samples of rivers in Yobe State. Physiochemical
parameters analyzed include; calcium, chloride, chromium,
fluoride, iron, manganese, magnesium, nitrite, sulphate, and total
hardness using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AASDR2000), while Omega conductivity meter (CDH221) was used for
the determination of total dissolved solid, conductivity and
temperature. Turbidity was determined by absorptiometry
method. Colour was determined by Platinum-cobalt (Pt-Co)
method. PH was determined with litmus paper and compared on
colour chart. The bacteriological assessment was conducted
according to the membrane filtration method. Results of sample
water from Gashua showed turbidity of 375.66±57.82 FTU,
Chloride 8.36±0.31 mg/L. Colour (Pt-Co) obtained for Gashua
421.33±14.85, Geidam 499.66±35.70, Katarko 429.66±17.61.
Geidam Manganese 12.17±1.75 mg/ L, Sulphate 72.33±2.05 mg/L.
Damaturu Nitrate 33.2±2.25 mg/L. Bacteriological assessment
showed Geidam and Katarko with 4.0CFU each respectively. These
results could be attributed to the activities going on in this area
with respect to the presence of large scale upland and irrigated
farm land which may introduce leaching fertilizer into the river so
also the presence of traditional potash mining sites. The results of
the analysis of the five samples from various locations in Yobe
State showed that the physical and chemical parameters of most
of the water samples were within the acceptable limit of the WHO.
While the bacteriological parameters determined exceeded the
acceptable limits, suggesting that the water samples may be
contaminated bacteriologically.

The study was conducted to investigate the possible effect of Haematostaphis barteri on the param... more The study was conducted to investigate the possible effect of Haematostaphis barteri on the parameters. The result of admistration of H-barteri (blood plum) juice on albino rats reveals increase in haematological parameters; Hb concentration, packed cell volume, erythrocytes count, with significance difference when compared with the control experiment. This shows that the H-barteri juice can be used as blood tonic when taken in sufficient amount. The total leucocytes count (TLC) and differential leucocytes count (TLC) were within the normal range similar to that of control. The erythrocytes concentration (EC) obtained ranged from a mean of 7.68 million cells per micro litre(mcpml) of blood in Experimental Design I 32.23+3.47(mcpml) EDII, 29.66+ 1.15(mcpml), EDIII 29.26+ 1.55(mcpml) and 28.60+ 1.900 (mcpml) control respectively. (table 1) .. When compared the ED and control there was no significance differences in EDI and EDIII. The Hb recorded are highest in rats of EDI group (16.17...

Limonene a volatile oil was extracted from orange peel using soxhlet extractor. Identifications w... more Limonene a volatile oil was extracted from orange peel using soxhlet extractor. Identifications were carried out in terms of appearance, colour, odour, and the percentage yield. With the current trends in aromatherapy, the limonene from lemon if well researched with efficient method of extraction to increase the yield, the herbal extract of this could be a promising remedy for many infectious diseases of known origin. Furthermore, the work revealed the physiochemical properties of limonene with greenish yellow appearance, strong orange aroma odour, boiling point and melting point which of 740C and -740C respectively. Whereas the average yield of limonene per orange, orange weight, peel, the number of seeds, skin and shaft, and juice content are 1.331±0.763, 221.13±22.24g, 34.94±12.14g, 3.67±2.08g, 89.93±217.65g, and 69.61±20.97g respectively. Worthy of mentioned was that almost all parts of lemon fruits – the juice, the peels, the seeds and the essential oil are used topically. This project work bears some recommendations for further work in this direction.

Sources of water used in Potiskum town directly used for domestic purposes without prior treatmen... more Sources of water used in Potiskum town directly used for domestic purposes without prior treatment. For the fact that this water is underground sometimes contaminated by dissolved mineral and other substances. Excess of some of such substances in drinking water may be injuries to human health or an economic menace to domestic utensils. The objective of this study is to analyse the different physicochemical parameters in selected water sources and compared to World Health Organisation Guideline Value (WHO GLV). The analysis of various parameters was carried out using Spectrophotometric DR 2000 HACH MACHE and Methods of Ademoroti,1996. The parameters determined are; P H , elemental ions, Conductivity and Total dissolved solid. The result of physicochemical analysis revealed that all the ions present in samples were within the (WHO) limits; Iron, Fluorine, Magnesium, Chromium hexavalent. Except Manganese1.6 mg/l that has a high content of sample C. The research work bears some recommendations for society and suggested further research work.

The prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBSAG) among blood donor and patient attending gen... more The prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBSAG) among blood donor and patient attending general hospital Potiskum is increasing at alarming rate. In this study, one hundred (100) blood samples were collected from males (72) and females (28) within the age group of 1-60 years. The 100 samples collected 49 were positive HBV infection while 51 were negative. The prevalence of hepatitis B in different sexes showed that males had the highest prevalence with rate 14%. Among blood donors, the highest prevalence was in the age groups 2 1-30 years with 6% each. Followed by age groups 11-20years, 2%, 30-40years, and 51-60yrs had the highest HBV infection with 8% though is low but can become the potential source of spread in the society. It is, therefore, suggested that work be done in this area of study on a large scale to determine the nature of HBV infection in both patients and donors attending General Hospital Potiskum.

The hematological parameters: Sodium, Chloride, and Potassium was determined. The result obtained... more The hematological parameters: Sodium, Chloride, and Potassium was determined. The result obtained for people within the normal range are; Na, 58.06%. Cl, 58.06%. K, 20.22%. The people whose value is below normal are Na; 19.35%, Cl, 25.80% and K, 29.30%. The result also revealed that males subject are more affected with lower concentration, than Females with a total of 67.74% and 13.22% respectively, Comparative analysis of the age group showed that 10-20 years recorded 19.35%, 21-40 years recorded 45.16%, while 41-80years recorded 25.80%. From these age distributions, it was inferred that middle-aged between 21-40 years are more than other age ranges and are more likely affected by electrolytes imbalance. The research work bears some recommendations that can assist the immediate community on the important of Routine laboratory analysis of body electrolytes.

Enzymes are biological molecules that modulate rate of chemical reactions within an optimum tempr... more Enzymes are biological molecules that modulate rate of chemical reactions within an optimum temprature and Hydrogen potential without themselve been used up.The activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase E.C .3.1.3.2. Orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase was assayed using the plasma of patient presenting with acute malaria. Objective of this study is to explore an alternative enzymatic approaches for diagnosis of severe malarial parasite infection. Total plasma tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was assayed according to procedure of (Henry and Steer, 1999).The results obtained showed mean activity of 69.09±1.56IU, 110.02±0.74IU and 125.46±0.79IU, for infected male adults, female adults, and children respectively. These were found to differ significantly (p >0.05) from that of normal adult Males, Females and Children having mean activities of 182.68±0.93IU, 162.01±0.79IU and 178.37±1.03IU respectively. The research work revealed plasma activities of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase for infected males, females and children, this means that tartrate resistance acid Phosphatase may possibly serves as an index in diagnosis of malaria parasite infection and its severity.

The amount of Vitamin C content of some fresh fruit degradaded with time was investigated; Pineap... more The amount of Vitamin C content of some fresh fruit degradaded with time was investigated; Pineapple, Orange, Watermelon and Tomato stored under difference conditions. The juices from the samples were extracted and vitamin C content in the juice was analyzed at room temperature, 400C and at seven (7) days storage by indophenols titration method. The result revealed that vitamin C content is more in pineapple juice compared to orange, watermelon and tomato juice as shown in Table 1 in this order; 49.38 +1.875, 39.75 +1.000, 27.50 +1.250 and 19.13 +1.630 mg/100ml respectively. The fresh juice were boiled at 400c and vitamin C content was determined. Result shows that; there is decreased in Vitamin C content after boiling as shown in Table 2; 26.25 +1.750, 23.00 +1.520, 16.70 +1.420 and 10.83 +2.600 mg/100ml respectively. The fresh juices were also stored at room temperature for 7 days and vitamin C content was determined. Result revealed that; there is loss of vitamin C content in fresh juice but not as much as the boiled juice Table 3; 42.13 +0.875, 31.50 + 1.000, 21.63 +1.625 and 15.63 +0.625 mg/100ml respectively. The rate at which vitamin C is loss during storage depend on the type of storage methods employed.

Increment in alternative sources of calcium for poultry birds, aquaculture and domestic animal up... more Increment in alternative sources of calcium for poultry birds, aquaculture and domestic animal upsurge. This research work was designed to determine the amount of calcium carbonate that occurs in eggshell. In this work, the comparative analysis of calcium carbonate content was carried out for selected eggshell of hen, duck and guinea fowl by using back titration method. The result obtained shows that local Hen eggshell contain 97.8% of Poultry Chicken eggshell contain 96.6%, Duck eggshell contain 97.9% and Guinea fowl contain 98.7%. The authors summarized their finding that Guinea fowl eggshell is the best sources of calcium when compare to others. However, there is no statistical significance in all sample at α=0.05(α=5%).The paper bear some recommendations as well.

Calcium and Magnesium oxides content in selected cement were determined. The selected cement samp... more Calcium and Magnesium oxides content in selected cement were determined. The selected cement samples revealed the following: Ashaka Cement – CaO (66.75) and 3.97% (MgO); Sokoto Cement – CaO (63.7%) and MgO; (3.789%)Dangote Cement – CaO (61.9%), MgO (3.69%) and Gboko Cement – CaO (57.45) and MgO (3.62%). Ashaka Cement demonstrated the highest percentage of calcium oxide (CaO) and Magnessium oxide (MgO). The percentage of calcium oxide (CaO) falls within the standard reference value for CaO in cement (i.e. 62.68%) except for Gboko Cement which falls below the reference value. While the MgO content were found to be higher than the standard reference value. The research proffered some recommendations to chemists and construction workers for the betterment of our country
now and the future.

This research work was done to ascertain the effect of toothpaste on plaque. The work involved te... more This research work was done to ascertain the effect of toothpaste on plaque. The work involved ten different brands of toothpastes: - Colgate, Oral B, Smile up, Close- up, Herbal Dabur, Maclean, My- My, fluoride, Angola and Olive. The amount of bacteria in the mouth was reduced after brushing the teeth with toothpaste, the following bacteria growth was recorded: Colgate having 0.2±0.1mm, Close- up 0.25±0.1mm, Olive 0.26±0.21mm, My- My 0.25±0.07mm, Herbal Dabur 0.28±0.02mm, fluoride 0.3±0.1mm,Oral B 0.3±0.21mm, Angola 0.33±0.11mm, Smile up 0.33±0.05mm, Maclean 0.4±0.2mm, and. Colgate was fund to be more effective in bacterial load reduction than the rest.

The content of starch and the activities of enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis were examine... more The content of starch and the activities of enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis were examined in germinating grains of field grown rice, sorghum, millet and maize plants. Enzyme activities were monitored throughout the grain germinating periods for three days. The activities of most of the grain enzymes involve in starch biosynthesis increased and reached their maxima during the initial period of grain development, then gradually declined towards the later stages of grain germination.

Abstract The Physiochemical and bacteriological analysis were carried out on ten different bo... more Abstract

The Physiochemical and bacteriological analysis were carried out on ten different
boreholes within Damaturu Metropolis. Analysis used direct reading spectrophotometer
(DR2000), P
H
meter, Turbidity/TDS meter and colony counter for bacteria, the P
of 3
borehole was found to be acidic among ten borehole, that is Waziri Ibrahim, Federal
Polytechnic Damaturu, and 3bed room Gujba below the WHO Standard of P
6.5 – 8.5
as shown in the result. The magnesium of sample from DA 42, DA 43, DA 44, DA 45, and
DA 46 with value of 12.0mg/l, 14.0mg/l, 13.0mg/l, 10.0mg/l and 9.0mg/l are respectively
found to be above the normal standard of WHO 0.20mg/l; The manganese of sample DA
45 and DA 46 with the value of 10.0mg/l and 3.0mg/l was found to be above WHO
0.5mg/l. Also turbidity was found above normal standard of WHO 5NTU, and other
physicochemical parameters were found between the normal WHO standard for drinking
water. The bacteriological analysis shows that bacteria (coli form) was found in two
sample from Federal Polytechnic and 3bedroom Gujba road . Result obtained shows that
some of the boreholes need treatment of P
H
, Mg, Mn, Turbidity and Bacteria, before
suitable for drinking and other domestic/ industrial usage.

ABSTRACT: The study was conducted to investigate the possible effect of Haematostaphis barteri ... more ABSTRACT: The study was conducted to investigate the possible effect of Haematostaphis barteri
on the parameters. The result of admistration of H-barteri (blood plum) juice on albino rats reveals
increase in haematological parameters; Hb concentration, packed cell volume, erythrocytes count,
with significance difference when compared with the control experiment. This shows that the H-barteri
juice can be used as blood tonic when taken in sufficient amount. The total leucocytes count (TLC)
and differential leucocytes count (TLC) were within the normal range similar to that of control. The
erythrocytes concentration (EC) obtained ranged from a mean of 7.68 million cells per micro
litre(mcpml) of blood in Experimental Design I 32.23+3.47(mcpml) EDII, 29.66+ 1.15(mcpml), EDIII
29.26+ 1.55(mcpml) and 28.60+ 1.900 (mcpml) control respectively. (table 1) .. When compared the
ED and control there was no significance differences in EDI and EDIII. The Hb recorded are highest
in rats of EDI group (16.17 + 1.70g/dl) EDIII group (14.63+ 0.6g/dl) and EDII group (14.83 + 0.5g/dl)
after the third week (table 1). Result of PCV determination showed significant difference between the
varying ED administered at EDI (after week one) EDII (after week two) EDIII (at week zero, after week
1 and week 2).The result obtained for H-barteri (blood plum) juice in albino rats reveals increase in Hb
concentration, packed cell volume, erythrocytes count, with significant difference when compared with
the control showing that the H-barteri juice was good sources of blood tonic actively when taken in
sufficient amount. The paper beer some recommendations which if followed may help reduce the
cases of anaemia of different type.

Papers by Abubakar El-Ishaq

☺☺ BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT College of medical sciences, university of Maiduguri. ABSTRACT Phytoch... more ☺☺ BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT College of medical sciences, university of Maiduguri. ABSTRACT Phytochemicals had been implicated as a primary constituent of the traditional medicine especially Saponins. Aqueous extract of root of Asparagus pubescens Bak. Was screened for the presence of saponins and further studies were carried out on the isolated and purified saponins. Chromatographic examination of purified saponins revealed the presence of spots each, stained greyish-brown with R f values of 0.94 and 0.93 for PS 2 and PS 3 fractions respectively. Result of Chromatographic Analyses of Crude Extract, Effluent, Purified Saponins and Sigma White Saponins also revealed the following R f ; 0.67,0.00,0.00,0.94,,0.93, and 0.89 respectively. The comparism of extracted saponin and sigma white saponin, showed a data that can be used as a baseline in medicinal plants saponin identification.

Abstract The Physiochemical and bacteriological analysis were carried out on ten different bo... more Abstract