DETERMINATION OF QUALITY OF PORTABLE WATER IN DAMATURU METROPOLIS (original) (raw)
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The Physiochemical and bacteriological analysis were carried out on ten different boreholes within Damaturu Metropolis. Analysis used direct reading spectrophotometer (DR2000), P H meter, Turbidity/TDS meter and colony counter for bacteria, the P H of 3 borehole was found to be acidic among ten borehole, that is Waziri Ibrahim, Federal Polytechnic Damaturu, and 3bed room Gujba below the WHO Standard of P H 6.5 -8.5 as shown in the result. The magnesium of sample from DA 42, DA 43, DA 44, DA 45, and DA 46 with value of 12.0mg/l, 14.0mg/l, 13.0mg/l, 10.0mg/l and 9.0mg/l are respectively found to be above the normal standard of WHO 0.20mg/l; The manganese of sample DA 45 and DA 46 with the value of 10.0mg/l and 3.0mg/l was found to be above WHO 0.5mg/l. Also turbidity was found above normal standard of WHO 5NTU, and other physicochemical parameters were found between the normal WHO standard for drinking water. The bacteriological analysis shows that bacteria (coli form) was found in two sample from Federal Polytechnic and 3bedroom Gujba road . Result obtained shows that some of the boreholes need treatment of P H , Mg, Mn, Turbidity and Bacteria, before suitable for drinking and other domestic/ industrial usage.
Assessment of Public Boreholes Water Quality in Maiduguri Metropolis
In this study, the quality analysis of borehole water from various locations in Maiduguri metropolitan was investigated to determine the condition of groundwater in the Council following recent influx of people with resultant increase in human activities. Water samples were collected from boreholes at five different locations viz Bolori, Gwange, Shehuri, Kyarimi park and Bulunkutu. The locations were selected based on operational offices as stipulated and designed by Borno State Water Board (BSWB) within the city. The pH, EC, and TDS of the water samples were analysed using combined pH/EC/TDS combo (Hanna instrument) Model HI 98130 while bacteriological analysis was conducted according to American Public Health Association. The results show that the pH of ground water in all the five locations ranged between 6.56 and 7.12 which was within World Health Organization (WHO) standard for drinkable water. Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the samples ranged from 128±0.42 to 168±0.47 (µs/cm) and was within the WHO standard for drinkable water of 1200μs/cm. Also, turbidity ranged from 1.13 to 1.35 NTU while total dissolved solid (TDS) was ranged from 85 to 121 mg/L and were all within the stipulated limits. In addition, the alkalinity values of the samples ranged from 89 mg/L for Gwange area which showed that, it was WHO complaint while 150±65.6 mg/L was recorded in Bulunkutu area which was above the prescribed limit of 150 mg/L. Furthermore, the concentration of Mg ranged from (1.01 to 7.53 mg/L), Ca (7.53 to 16.05), while Iron (Fe) was detected only in one borehole in Shehuri (0.25 mg/L) whereas Chloride was ranged from (13.4 to 25.5 mg/L). Interestingly, they were found to be within the stipulated WHO standards. The Biological quality of water from Gwange (S3) and Bolori (S1) showed that the concentration of E-coli was the same, 13× 103cfu/100ml while that of Bulunkutu (S3) was 3×103 cfu/100ml respectively. These values are above the maximum permissible limit 0 cfu/100ml of E-coli for drinking water. Therefore, borehole water obtained from some locations in Maiduguri might require some level of treatments before use for domestic purposes.
Quality Assessment of Borehole and Sachet Water Samples in Kaduna South Metropolis
Communication in Physical Sciences 4(2): 167-173, 2019
The physicochemical properties of six samples each of borehole and sachet water in Kaduna South were determined and contrasted with the WHO permissible limit. It was discovered that the concentration of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium were higher than WHO tolerable limit. Also, some samples had TSS, TDS. nitrates, conductivity, which ranged from: 0-8, 12.9-18.9, 1.5-4.2, 002-070 against the WHO range of 500 mg/l, 500-1500 mg/l, 25 mg/l and 1000 µs/cm respectively. None of the analysed water met the microbial quality requirement for portable water. Therefore, there is need for environmental re-assessment of licensed water producers, their industrial installation and health impact of their products.
Abstract Assessment of the quality of borehole water samples from Federal Housing Estate and Sites and Services areas of Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria was conducted to determine the suitability of these borehole water samples. Six samples of borehole water gotten from six different families living in these areas were analyzed for microbial, chemical and physicochemical parametersusing standard analytical method of National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). The result of microbial analysis revealed that all the water samples (samples D, E, F, G, H, and M) had total coliform count of 64.0cfu/100ml, 5.0cfu/100ml, 41.0cfu/100ml, 16.0cfu/100ml, 124.0cfu/100ml and 0.0cfu/100ml respectively. This showed that sample D, F, G, and H exceeded the standard of 10 coliform counts/100ml. The entire samples resulted at 0 counts for Escherichia coli. Samples D, F, G and M tested negative for pseudomonas test, whereas samples E and H did not. The chemical analysis showed that all the samples did not meet up with the recommended standard of pH (6.5-8.5).However, there was significant difference (p<0.5) between samples D and E. samples F and J were significantly the same, also as samples G and M. Sample M was the least significant while sample D was the most significant at pH 4.6 and 6.4 respectively. The temperatures were all significantly the same and did not exceed standard limit of 370C. The total dissolved solid also did not exceed the limit of 500ppm and the conductivity limit was not exceeded. All the samples did not exceed limits for zinc, copper, lead, magnesium, cadmium and iron which are 3mg/l, 1mg/l, 0.01mg/l, 0.02mg/l, 0.03mg/l and 0.3mg/l respectively except for calcium, where samples D, E, G and H were beyond standard of 0.4mg/l. All the samples were significantly different for each parameter except for lead of which the entire sample were all the same. The depth of the borehole in relation to the distance of septic tank, distance of neighbor’s septic tank and distance of refuse dump as obtained from these families revealed that sample M had the highest distance and was the least contaminated, whereas sample H had the closest distance and the greatest microbial contamination. The depth of Sample G borehole was according to the regulatory standard of 150 ft., and from the analysis the entire parameters were within standard except for pH. Keywords: Water, Standards, Microbial analysis, Total Dissolved Solid, Metals, Septic tank
Assessment of the water quality of boreholes in the Aburi municipality of eastern region of Ghana
Journal of Science and Technology (Ghana), 2014
Ground water samples from 32 boreholes in 17 communities within Aburi and its environs were sampled and analysed within the period of October 2008 to January 2009 for various physicochemical water quality parameters. The study showed that most of the physico-chemical parameters were within the World Health Organization limits recommended for drinking water. All the water samples were found to be colourless, with turbidity of 0.00 NTU. Temperature ranged from 24.0 to 28.0 o C, with an average of 26.21 ± 1.57 o C. The pH values ranged from 6.38 to 7.28 with an average of 6.38 ± 0.21. The TDS of the water samples ranged from 13 to 522 mg/L with an average of 85.19 ± 53.85. Alkalinity levels were low ranging from 10 to 260.34 mg/L with a mean of 51.16 ± 37.51 mg/L whereas conductivity recorded values ranging from 18.98 to 240 µS/ cm and an average of 82.15 ± 43.10 µS/cm. The total hardness had a range of 25 to 301 mg/L with an average of 95.46 ± 59.01 mg/L. Most of the boreholes showed low level of mineralization. Low levels of nitrates ranging from 0.11 to 1.00 mg/L with an average of 0.665 ± 0.24 mg/L were recorded. Low levels of sulphate ranging from 35.35 to 200.48 mg/L with a mean of 93.75 ± 49.98 mg/L were obtained. Phosphate ion concentration ranging from 0.5 to 5.8 mg/L with an average of 2.64 ± 1.423 mg/L and chloride ion concentration ranging from 21.27 to 131.17 mg/L with a mean of 66.02 ± 30.28 mg/L were also obtained. All the water was found to be "salinityfree." The study showed that the borehole water in the municipality is potable. INTRODUCTION With the ever increasing Worlds population, provision of good quality drinking water is a challenge for governments especially in developing countries. Nearly one billion people lack access to safe drinking water worldwide. People therefore have resorted to the use of hand dug wells, boreholes and river water for their domestic, agriculture and industrial uses. However, no proper treatment is carried out on water from these sources before use. It is estimated that about half of the world's hospital beds are occupied by patients suffering from diseases associated with lack of access to safe
ASSESSMENT OF THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BOREHOLE WATER IN GWAGWALADA AREA COUNCIL ABUJA, NIGERIA Published byGLOBAL JOURNAL OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES , 2022
The assumption that borehole water is safe for drinking purpose was verified by empirical study of the physicochemical properties of borehole water in Gwagwalada Area Council Abuja, Nigeria. The physico-chemical properties of borehole water were anaysed and compared with regulatory standards for drinking purpose. Fifteen samples were collected from five purposely selected wards (Dobi, Ibwa, Tungan-Maje, Zuba and Ikwa) in the study area. The selections of the wards were based on heavy reliance on borehole water for drinking. Three borehole water samples were spatially collected from each of the five selected wards. The water samples were stored in 75cl plastic bottles pre-cleaned with distilled water and rinsed with the sample water. Each sample was labeled with the name of the ward and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Data were analyzed using range and mean. Result showed that water sample were slight acidic (6.83) to slight alkalinity (7.86) EC was low and ranged from 132-184µS/cm 3 , TDS 1.4-3.1Mg/l, turbidity 0.36-71NTU, Total hardness 6.12-19.72Mg/l, Chloride (Cl-)1.03-16.86Mg/l, Fe 0.08-0.72Mg/l, Zn 0.021-0.051Mg/l, Cr 0.016-0.086Mg/l, Cd 0.001-0.009Mg/l and Mn from 0.002-0.009Mg/l. Some sample fell short of regulatory standards in terms of EC and FE. However, most water samples are safe for drinking purpose. Treatment of sources that fell short of standard before drinking was recommended.
Assessment of Water Quality of Borehole Water in Albasu Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria
2017
It was estimated that the need of water increases globally due to constant increase in population. Water samples Water samples collected from boreholes located in six wards in Albasu town were assessed for some physio-chemical parameters on collection and after one week of storage using standard analytical methods. Furthermore the quality indices were determined for the water samples on collection and after one day of storage. The parameters determined include temperature, turbidity, suspended solids, total dissolved solids, conductivity, pH, nitrate-nitrogen, phosphates, chlorides, alkalinity and E-coli bacteria. After comparing the result obtained with WHO (2011) standards for portable water, it was confirmed it within the standard. It was concluded that the water is safe for drinking.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BOREHOLE AND WELL WATER. A CASE STUDY OF MAIDUGURI METROPOLITAN
comparative analysis analyses of water samples were carried out from three borehole and three well water samples used for drinking purpose in Maiduguri Metropolis, Nigeria. The bacteriological analysis was carried out using multiple tube (most probable number) technique for enumeration of both total coliform count and differential Escherichia coli count. The results obtained were compared with World Health Organization (WHO), National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and Nigeria Standard of Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) standard for drinking water. None of the samples complied with the bacteriological standard as the total coliform count ranges between 48 x 10 3 and 47 x 10 3 MPN/ml. (bulabulin, and hausari). Also, with the exception of samples from bulumkutu, moduganari and maisamari. Although no E. coli was detected in the entire samples, there is need to create awareness about the present situation of the boreholes and wells and the necessity for further treatment by consumers, before it can be used for both drinking and domestic purposes.
Assessment of the quality of borehole water samples from Federal Housing Estate and Sites and Services areas of Owerri North, Imo State, Nigeria was conducted to determine the suitability of these borehole water samples for human consumption. six samples of borehole water obtained from six different families living in these areas were analyzed for microbial, chemical and physicochemical parameters using standard analytical methods of Association of official Analytical chemists (AOAC). The result of microbial analysis revealed that all the water samples from Chuk’sresidence,Ebe’s residence, Uwuru’s residence,Okre’s residence, Agbu’s residence and Ngwe’s residence referred to as samples D, E, F, G, H, and M respectively had total coliform count of 64.0cfu/100ml, 5.0cfu/100ml, 41.0cfu/100ml, 16.0cfu/100ml, 124.0cfu/100ml and 0.0cfu/100ml respectively. This showed that sample D, F, G, and H exceeded the standard of 10 coliform counts/100ml. The entire samples resulted at 0 counts for Escherichia coli. Samples D, F, G and M tested negative for pseudomonas test, whereas samples E and H did not. The chemical analysis showed that all the samples did not meet up with the recommended standard of pH (6.5-8.5) by World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) and National Agency for Drug and Administration Control (NAFDAC).However, there was significant difference (p<0.5) between samples D and E. Samples F, G, J and M were not significantly different (p>0.5)from one another. Sample M was the least significant while sample D was the most significant at pH 4.6 and 6.4 respectively meaning that it is safe for consumption. The temperatures were not significantly different and did not exceed standard limit of 370C. The total dissolved solid also did not exceed the limit of 500ppm as recommended by World Health Organization /United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (WHO/UNICEF) and the conductivity limit was not exceeded. All the samples did not exceed limits for zinc, copper, lead, magnesium, cadmium and iron which are 3mg/l, 1mg/l, 0.01mg/l, 0.02mg/l, 0.03mg/l and 0.3mg/l respectively except for calcium, where samples D, E, G and H were beyond standard of 0.4mg/l. All the samples were significantly different for each parameter except for lead of which the entire sample were all the same. The depth of Sample G borehole was according to the regulatory standard of 150 ft., and from the analysis the entire parameters were within standard except for pH.The study concludes that increase in population in Federal Housing Area and Sites and Services Area in Owerri coupled with the rise in human activity pose a great pressure on provision of safe drinking water.
Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management
Borehole is an important source of water on which many people in Anyigba metropolis depend for their livelihood. The people of Anyigba in Kogi East of Nigeria depends on this source of water for domestic purpose and other uses hence the need to investigate the quality of the water to ascertain it suitability for domestic and other uses. The physicochemical properties of the water were analyzed using different standard analytical techniques: UVspectrophotometer was used to analyze Nitrate, Sulphate and Ammonia in the water samples. Also, Flame photometer was used to analyze Calcium, Potassium and Sodium in the water samples. the results of the physicochemical analyzed showed the following ranges: pH 6.5-7.6mg/L, Temperature 26-28 o C, Conductivity 10-20us/cm, Dissolved oxygen 0.49-9.3mg/l, Total alkalinity 10-20mg/l, Total hardness 18-40mg/l, chloride 28.4-71mg/l, Acidity 210mg/l, Sodium 33.5-38.4mg/l, Potassium 9.90-10.70mg/l, Calcium 92.5-167.8mg/l, Nitrate 26-35mg/l, Ammonia 79-107mg/l and Sulphate 42.5-78mg/L. Some of the parameters were observed to be within the permissible limit stipulated by the World Health Organization, there is still need to protect the underground water bodies against any in flush of pollutants.