Sylvia O . Anyadoh-Nwadike | FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, OWERRI (FUTO) (original) (raw)

Papers by Sylvia O . Anyadoh-Nwadike

Science Journal of Public Health, 2015

Water is very important to life but when contaminated, it can be deleterious to life. Livestock f... more Water is very important to life but when contaminated, it can be deleterious to life. Livestock from various farms produce large amount of faecal wastes. Most cattle farmers move their animals from place to place around Imo State, Nigeria, in search of pasture, these animals defeacate indiscriminately. Again, many farmers indulge in indiscriminate disposal of animal wastes. These faecal wastes can be carried by runoff water into surrounding water sources causing them to become contaminated. This study was therefore carried out to determine the prevalence of possible pathogenic bacteria in water contaminated with poultry litters, cow and pig dungs. Faecal samples from poultry, cows and pigs were collected from School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology (SAAT) farm in the Federal University of Technology Owerri (FUTO), Imo State, Nigeria. The contaminated water samples were examined for the prevalence of bacteria. Isolation and characterization of bacteria were done using standard microbiological protocols. Results revealed the presence of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, Erwinia amylovora, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus faecalis and Salmonella typhi. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most prevalent isolate followed by Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae. The presence of these organisms of public health importance in water contaminated by livestock faeces calls for continuous surveillance of various water sources prone to faecal contamination. Appropriate treatment and disposal methods of these faecal samples as well as appropriate treatment of water source prone to such contaminants should be adopted so as to avert the possible health hazards resulting from use of water from such contaminated sources.

The effect of dichlorvos on reproductive performance of laying hens was studied. Seven weeks old ... more The effect of dichlorvos on reproductive performance of laying hens was studied. Seven weeks old pullets with an average weight of 557.5 ± 9.5 g were divided into four groups and fed ad libitum with commercial poultry feeds contaminated with 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04% dichlorvos (w/v). The group without dichlorvos served as the control. Exposure to dichlorvos was continued until nine weeks after the hens started laying eggs. There was a significant reduction (p<0.05) in feed intake between the control group and those exposed to dichlorvos. Egg laying was delayed in the hens exposed to the pesticide by as much as eighteen weeks. The ages of the hens at first egg lay were 18 weeks for the control, 23 weeks for hens fed on 0.01 and 0.02% contaminated diet and 36 weeks for those fed on 0.04% contaminated diet. The average daily egg production was reduced from 5 eggs in the control group to 1 egg in 0.04% contaminated group. The protein contents of the egg (yolk and egg-white) and cholest...

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2013

Background: Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus Aureus (SA) is on the rise. The prevalence ... more Background: Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus Aureus (SA) is on the rise. The prevalence and antibiogram of MDR Staphylococcus Aureus among pregnant women attending Ante-Natal Clinics in Owerri, Imo State is being studied. Aim and Objective: The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) among pregnant women was studied using urine and High Vaginal Swab(HVS) from pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. Materials and Methods: The pregnant women attending at three hospitals; Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Owerri, Imo State University Teaching Hospital (IMSUTH) Orlu and General Hospital Okigwe. A total of 1, 197 (619 Urine and 578 HVS) samples were used. Samples were analysed in the Microbiology Laboratories of the different hospitals, within thirty minutes of collection. Results: The results revealed that 121 (19.5%) of the Urine samples haboured S.aureus while 87 (15.1%) of the HVS were positive (mean: 17.4%). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that 126 ( 60.5%...

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2013

Crude oil contamination of the environment has been an age-long phenomenon and a serious subject ... more Crude oil contamination of the environment has been an age-long phenomenon and a serious subject of concern. The effect of oil on soil depends on the size, quantity and grade of oil spilled. Crude oil contamination does not damage the soil permanently but has some adverse effects on crops and other vegetation. Over the years attempts have been made to find the cheapest, most efficient and environmentallyfriendly method for the clean-up crude oil contaminated soil. This review is aimed at analysing the different methods used in the clean-up of contaminated soil. Crude oil contaminated soil can be cleaned up using physico-chemical, thermal and biological treatments. The first two methods have been found to be grossly inadequate and ineffective, and may result in further contamination. Biological methods (bioremediation and phytoremediation) have received considerable attention during the last few years as the most promising and environmentally benign technique for effective clean-up o...

The prevalence and types of bacteria associated with ocular infections were studied using swab sa... more The prevalence and types of bacteria associated with ocular infections were studied using swab samples from ocular infected patients attending the Department of Optometry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri clinic. A total of fifty specimens were collected from patients comprising fourteen males and thirty-six females with ocular infections and analyzed aseptically in the Biotechnology laboratory within thirty minutes of collection. The samples were maintained on peptone broth in test tubes and about 1 ml of the overnight peptone broth culture was transferred into sterile petri dishes containing the culture media (nutrient, blood and macConkey agar). Standard microbiological and biochemical protocols were used for isolation, characterization and identification of the bacterial isolates. All specimens had bacterial growth. Fifty-seven bacterial isolates; 35 Gram positive and 22 Gram negative bacteria were identified. These fell into twelve species; Bacillus sp., Corynebacterium...

Thirty-one (31) samples each of diseased and healthy Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) from Ot... more Thirty-one (31) samples each of diseased and healthy Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) from Otamiri River, in Nekede, Owerri West; Imo State Nigeria was examined to detect the presence of bacterial and helminth fauna. The intestine, liver, gill, tissue and skin of the fish were examined. Bacteriological analysis revealed counts of healthy diseased organs to fall between 6.0 x 10 4 - 3.5 x 10 7 cfu/g and 5.7 x 10 6 - 1.9 x 10 11 cfu/g respectively. The result however indicated that the bacterial load of the diseased fish samples were higher than those of the apparently healthy fish. Identification tests of the probable bacterial isolates revealed the isolation of Vibrio sp, Renibacterium sp, Aeromonas sp, Klebsiella sp, Yersinia sp, Pseudomonas sp, Nocardia sp, Lactobacillus sp, Sporocytophaga, Staphylococcus sp, Mycobacterium sp, Serratia sp Proteus sp and Edwardsiella sp. Twenty-nine (29 ie 46.8%) of the 62 samples studied were found to be infected by helminth fauna identified a...

Journal of Community Health

Background: Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus Aureus (SA) is on the rise. The prevalence ... more Background: Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus Aureus (SA) is on the rise. The prevalence and antibiogram of MDR Staphylococcus Aureus among pregnant women attending AnteNatal Clinics in Owerri, Imo State is being studied. Aim and Objective: The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) among pregnant women was studied using urine and High Vaginal Swab(HVS) from pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. Materials and Methods: The pregnant women attending at three hospitals; Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Owerri, Imo State University Teaching Hospital (IMSUTH) Orlu and General Hospital Okigwe. A total of 1, 197 (619 Urine and 578 HVS) samples were used. Samples were analysed in the Microbiology Laboratories of the different hospitals, within thirty minutes of collection. Results: The results revealed that 121 (19.5%) of the Urine samples haboured S.aureus while 87 (15.1%) of the HVS were positive (mean: 17.4%). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that 126 (60.5%) ...

Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activities of hot water, hot and cold ethanol ethanolic ... more Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activities of hot water, hot and cold ethanol ethanolic extracts of the bark of Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Stapf. were assayed, using standard techniques. Escherichia coli (E. coli), Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Alternaria solani (A. solani), Aspergillius niger (A. niger) and Penicilium notatum (P. notatum) were used as the challenge / test organism. Agar well and paper disc diffusion techniques were adopted. Results showed that the bacteria; E. coli, S. marcescens, S. aureus, were susceptible to both hot water and hot ethanol extracts respectively with zones of inhibition as follows: E. coli (9, 12 mm) and (10, 15 mm), S. marcescen (9, 9 mm) and (9, 12 mm), S. aureus (8, 9mm) and (9, 10mm), respectively. The fungus; P notatum was susceptible to hot water, hot and cold ethanol extracts (7.5, 8, 8mm) and (7, 7.5, 7 mm). A. solani and A. niger were resistant to the bioactivity of the extracts. The presence of active principles; alkaloids, anthraquinone, cardiac glycosides, poly phenol, saponins and tannins detected via the phytochemical screening may be responsible for the antimicrobial activities of the extracts.

Under five mortality which implies the death of a child before his or her fifth birthday is a maj... more Under five mortality which implies the death of a child before his or her fifth birthday is a major problem in developing countries like Nigeria. Aside other factors; microbial infection is grossly implicated in under five mortality. More problems however are caused by antimicrobial resistant microorganisms. Antimicrobial resistance by bacteria has become a global problem leading to much treatment failure. This study was therefore carried out to ascertain the antimicrobial profile of clinical isolates from pre-nursery school children between the ages of 3 and 5 years with a view to proposing the antibiotic of choice against the common isolates. Known isolates from preschool children in Nnewi were used for the study. These isolates were subjected to standard microbiological and biochemical protocols to confirm their identities. The disc diffusion method was used to ascertain the susceptibility of the test organisms to commonly used broad spectrum antibiotics. Multidiscs containing ten broad spectrum antibiotics were used. The data obtained from this study were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 9.5. The mean, range and standard deviation of the variables were determined where applicable. Frequency distribution, percentages and cross tabulation to examine relation between variables was done. The difference between frequencies was tested using Yate's corrected chi square (χ 2) test or Fisher's exact test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The overall invitro sensitivity of the isolates was 100% to ciprofloxacin, 90.6% to clindamycin, 68.8% to gentamicin and 59.4% to cefuroxime. Fifty percent of the isolate were sensitive to cephalexim. The isolate were 34.4% sensitive to nitrofuraintoin and nalidixic acid, 25% sensitive to cotrimoxaole and 9.4% sensitive to erythromycin. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin.

Science Journal of Public Health, 2015

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2013

Journal of Community Health

Background: Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus Aureus (SA) is on the rise. The prevalence ... more Background: Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus Aureus (SA) is on the rise. The prevalence and antibiogram of MDR Staphylococcus Aureus among pregnant women attending AnteNatal Clinics in Owerri, Imo State is being studied. Aim and Objective: The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) among pregnant women was studied using urine and High Vaginal Swab(HVS) from pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. Materials and Methods: The pregnant women attending at three hospitals; Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Owerri, Imo State University Teaching Hospital (IMSUTH) Orlu and General Hospital Okigwe. A total of 1, 197 (619 Urine and 578 HVS) samples were used. Samples were analysed in the Microbiology Laboratories of the different hospitals, within thirty minutes of collection. Results: The results revealed that 121 (19.5%) of the Urine samples haboured S.aureus while 87 (15.1%) of the HVS were positive (mean: 17.4%). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that 126 (60.5%) ...