Tobias Held | HAW Hamburg (original) (raw)

Papers by Tobias Held

Purpose: To meet rapidly changing requirements and increasing product complexity, a growing numbe... more Purpose: To meet rapidly changing requirements and increasing product complexity, a growing number of traditional companies and startups increases their agility by using agile methods. The logistics industry in particular is known to be a comparatively slow adapter to changes in general, but especially to new organizational innovations. The objective of the Delphi study conducted is to assess how traditional logistics companies and logistics startups use agile methods in their IT departments to deal with fast changing internal and external influences and how they respond to change. Methodology: A Delphi study will be conducted over several complementary rounds as an iterative expert judgement process. After the analysis of the first results, insights can be gained on the following points covering traditional logistics companies and logistics startups: a) The selection of agile methods and practices, b) the benefits that these methods and practices offer and c) the challenges of appl...

This paper presents an evaluation model of CO2 and cost-saving potentials, which could be realise... more This paper presents an evaluation model of CO2 and cost-saving potentials, which could be realised by early supplier integration. By analysing serval factors, this paper explores how CO2 emissions and cost effects are realised by cast development partnerships. Based on the results of the analysis presented, an estimation model to forecast the CO2 emissions and cost effects of early supplier involvement is shown. Finally, the paper presents a multiple case study analysis, covering 41 cast product development projects of one German iron foundry which were realised together with 27 different customers.

International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management

An increasing number of start-ups, which create disruptive products, services, or platforms, is a... more An increasing number of start-ups, which create disruptive products, services, or platforms, is appearing within the logistics industry. Many of these start-ups are based on new technological innovations made possible by digitization. Compared with many of the start-ups founded during the “dotcom bubble”, current logistics start-ups seem to be more successful in creating lasting customer value. This paper aims to determine if the use of agile approaches, which have increased in importance in recent years, increases entrepreneurial success by means of the ability to better deal with the rapidly changing customer expectations, business model insecurities, and complex technological decisions. Due to the limited extent of empirical studies and the availability of only a few publications, an explorative multiple case study analysis has been executed to understand usage of agile approaches by German logistics start-ups and their interrelation with corporate performance. The main empirical...

Logistics

Background: The logistics industry has seen the emergence of many startups in recent years. Many ... more Background: The logistics industry has seen the emergence of many startups in recent years. Many of these logistics startups use new technologies to develop disruptive products, services or platforms that are based on software. This paper presents the results of a Delphi study and a survey that were consolidated in a framework. The purpose is to understand the benefits that logistics startups derive from using agile methods, the difficulties they face in using these methods and the evolution of logistics startups in terms of using agile methods. Methods: A Delphi study with 29 experts and a global survey with 95 participants was conducted to look at the implementation of agile methods. The largest group of participants were members of (top) management, agile coaches and team leaders. Results: The framework consolidates gathered data to demonstrate how logistics startups apply agile methods and practices based on the results of the Delphi study and the survey, and how the usage of ag...

Journal of Systems and Software, 2021

Supply Management Research, 2021

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2016

Policies in Germany to support electric vehicles, which are free of exhaust emissions, mostly foc... more Policies in Germany to support electric vehicles, which are free of exhaust emissions, mostly focus on urban road passenger transport. However, road freight vehicles are a main source of the traffic air pollutants and noise emissions in cities. Available vehicle types, tour planning and purchase decisions in urban road freight transport differ from the passenger transport segment. The political and scientific literature lacks a comprehensive discussion of specific policy measures to support electric urban road freight vehicles. This article contributes to the existing body of knowledge, by undertaking a multi-criteria analysis of policy measures to support battery electric freight vehicles based on the rating by two stakeholder groups, ''policymakers" and ''freight electric vehicle users". These stakeholders rate 23 policy measures as suggested in the literature or which are implemented in European countries. In comparing and ranking the rating results of the groups, we find that the discordance between the groups can be large and offers noticeable insight and room for future research and practice. Although financial support of electric vehicles is often named in the literature as the primary measure to overcome the total cost of ownership gap of freight electric vehicles, the current study shows that the effect of special legal measures and supporting the setup of company-charging infrastructure are underestimated by the policymakers. Recommendable policy options-beyond several fiscal measures-are to request emission-free vehicles in municipal tenders, to allow drivers with a class B license to drive freight EVs over 3.5 tons, or to implement a city toll on the long-term. The practicability of other policy measures depends on the local implementation goals of the municipality. Hence, a transparent debate on the aim of supporting electric freight mobility is as necessary as choosing measures targeted at the freight transportation segment.

Dynamics in Logistics, 2015

eMobility is a hot topic, in the public policy area as well as in business and scientific communi... more eMobility is a hot topic, in the public policy area as well as in business and scientific communities. Literature on electric freight transport is still relatively scarce. Urban freight transport is considered as one of the most promising fields of application of vehicle electrification, and there are ongoing demonstration projects. This paper will discuss case study examples of electric freight vehicle initiatives in Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK and identify enablers and barriers for common trends.

Theorie und Praxis der Nachhaltigkeit

Logistik im Wandel der Zeit – Von der Produktionssteuerung zu vernetzten Supply Chains, 2019

Die Bedeutung modularer Produktarchitekturen bei der Reduzierung der Komplexitat des betriebliche... more Die Bedeutung modularer Produktarchitekturen bei der Reduzierung der Komplexitat des betrieblichen Leistungserstellungsprozesses ist heute unbestritten und bereits vielfach in der Literatur beschrieben (vgl. Kersten 2002; Kersten & Koppenhagen 2002; Eitelwein 2009; Skirde 2015). Um den Wirkmechanismus modularer Produktarchitekturen zu verstehen, ist es unerlasslich, sich die definitorischen Merkmale von Modularitat auf systemtechnischer Ebene zu vergegenwartigen. Modularitat ist ein strukturbeschreibendes Merkmal von Systemen.

Companies have to take sustainability into consideration, nowadays. This paper analyses the impac... more Companies have to take sustainability into consideration, nowadays. This paper analyses the impacts of environmental and cost effects on product development partnerships in the German foundry value chain. The starting point of the paper is a survey conducted in the period, end of 2012 / beginning of 2013, covering supplier and customer integration issues on the interfaces of casting houses and their clients, in which all German foundries and customers from diverse sectors of the machine-building industry have been contacted. Based on the results, the authors collected in-depth data, via semi-structured interviews, for several complex product development projects, in order to analyse how suppliers were integrated by their customers during casting development. By analysing cross-case differences, this paper explores how environmental and cost effects impact product development partnerships. It presents a multiple case study analysis, covering four new cast product development cases of...

... Page 42. Tobias Held and Thorsten Lammers 38 management practices, and also continues to be a... more ... Page 42. Tobias Held and Thorsten Lammers 38 management practices, and also continues to be a big issue for many companies (Bower-sox, Cooper & Cooper 2007, Simchi-Levi, Kaminsky & Simchi-Levi 2004, Stock & Lam-bert 2001). ...

According to the Hamburger Klimaplan, 50% of all vehicles in public fleets in the city of Hamburg... more According to the Hamburger Klimaplan, 50% of all vehicles in public fleets in the city of Hamburg are to run on electricity by the year 2020. For state owned enterprises, a reduced percentage of 35% is expected (Bürgerschaft der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg, Drucksache 21/2521, 8.12.15). The purpose of this study, which was conducted from November 2015 to June 2017, was to gather the current state and forecast the percentage of electric vehicles in the respective public fleets and to identify conditions and enablers, that would support reaching the targets of the Hamburger Klimaplan. The study covers both the public administration and the public companies in Hamburg, as well as in the metropolitan region. Relevant data was acquired with an extensive pre-processing and analysis of existing motor vehicle registration data, followed by an online questionnaire and a management tool to monitor and plan fleet electrification on single vehicle level. Finally, expert interviews were conducted with the respective units. The study covers more than 70% of all city-owned vehicles. Based on the results of the study, the authors present scenarios for the future development of the percentage of e-vehicles in the respective fleets, including the expected progress towards the given targets. Further findings confirm the feasibility of the targets set under certain preconditions, like availability of specific types of vehicles. Best practices of successful units are summarized and include e.g. active management involvement with regular reporting of the composition of the vehicle fleet

Logistik im Wandel der Zeit – Von der Produktionssteuerung zu vernetzten Supply Chains

Dynamik und Komplexitat der Umwelt stellen Unternehmen vor immer neue Chancen und Herausforderung... more Dynamik und Komplexitat der Umwelt stellen Unternehmen vor immer neue Chancen und Herausforderungen; dies gilt speziell in Bezug auf die Potentiale und Bedrohungen durch die zunehmende Digitalisierung (vgl. Kersten et al. 2017; Kersten, von See & Indorf 2018; Wirtz 2018; Kollmann 2016). Der Einkauf ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten sowohl in der betriebswirtschaftlichen Forschung als auch in der Praxis der Unternehmen zunehmend in den Vordergrund geruckt (vgl. van Weele 2014; Johnson, Leenders & Flynn 2015). So stieg einerseits der von ihm beeinflusste Kostenblock aufgrund immer weiter zunehmender Fremdvergabeanteile (vgl. Monczka et al. 2016; Wildemann 2014), andererseits ist die Bedeutung der Einbindung von Lieferanten auf die Erlosseite durch u.a. gemeinsame Innovationen gleichfalls gewachsen (vgl. Schiele 2010; Brem & Tidd 2012). Die sowohl hohe operative als auch zentrale strategische Bedeutung der Beschaffung wird von Unternehmen entsprechend zunehmend erkannt (vgl. Bruel et al. 2014); ihr gilt es adaquat gerecht zu werden.

Advances in Production Engineering & Management

Generating economies of scale is one of the most desirable goals when developing modular product ... more Generating economies of scale is one of the most desirable goals when developing modular product systems. Since complex products are commonly developed in collaboration between an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) and its suppliers, pursuing this goal inherently establishes interdependencies between the development process, supplier integration and supply chain design. To fully reap the benefits of modular product systems requires a comprehensive approach that encompasses these fields and addresses the inter-dependencies between them via a coherent collaboration between development and purchasing. This is the main focus of this work. In this paper, we first describe how the product development process has to be restructured for the concerted development of modules and overall products within the scope of a modular product system. Secondly, we propose a new collaboration model between the OEM and its suppliers, since OEMs need to collaborate directly with suppliers of lower level...

Entwerfen Entwickeln Erleben in Produktentwicklung und Design 2021

Agilität und Konvergenz bei der Entwicklung physischer Produkte zu verbinden, stellt eine große H... more Agilität und Konvergenz bei der Entwicklung physischer Produkte zu verbinden, stellt eine große Herausforderung dar. Basierend auf einem Design Thinking-Ansatz versucht das an der Stanford Universität entwickelte ME310-Produktentwicklungsprozessmodell den Widerspruch in den Zielsetzungen dieser beiden Entwicklungsprinzipien aufzulösen. Über einen qualitativen Fallstudienansatz haben wir die Praktikabilität des ME310-Prozessmodelles für die Entwicklung diskreter physischer Produkte untersucht. Der Beitrag beginnt mit der Beschreibung der grundlegenden entwicklungsmethodischen Prinzipien dieses hybriden Prozessmodelles. Anschließend werden die Ergebnisse unserer empirischen Untersuchung vorgestellt, in der wir die Koevolution von Problem- und Lösungsraum in zehn studentischen Projekten, in denen physische Produkte nach diesem Prozessmodell entwickelt wurden, detailliert nachvollzogen haben. Unsere explorative Studie zeigte, dass die Konvergenz der Lösungsfindung in den Entwicklungspro...

Transport Policy

Abstract The adoption rate of Electric Vehicles (EV's) is influenced by a considerable number... more Abstract The adoption rate of Electric Vehicles (EV's) is influenced by a considerable number of factors on both local and national levels. Most of the research aimed at understanding under what conditions that adoption thrives focuses on either level. There is also relatively little attention for the configurational nature of its uptake. We present a Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) of e-mobility policies in 15 European cities in order to identify policy configurations on the national and local, urban level that lead to favorable results, i.e. the successful promotion and consequent adoption of EV's. The results confirm the configurational characteristic of e-mobility policies. We identified in particular one configuration that is sufficient for the favorable outcome to occur: policies that have a stronger effect on the total cost of ownership of EV's in conjunction with incentivizing the installation of home chargers or charging points on private parking space in addition to the setting-up of a public charging grid in conjunction with push-factors that de-incentivize the usage of conventional cars lead to favorable results. Thus, our findings lead the focus on policy approaches that treat EV adoption in a holistic and dynamic way by properly linking incentives with de-incentives.

Proceedings of the Design Society

Combining agility and convergence in the development of physical products is a major challenge. R... more Combining agility and convergence in the development of physical products is a major challenge. Rooted in a design thinking approach, Stanford's ME310 process model attempts to resolve the conflicting priorities of these two design principles. To investigate how successful Stanford's hybrid process model is in doing so, we have used a qualitative case study approach. Our paper begins by outlining this process model's fundamental principles in terms of engineering design methodology. Subsequently, we present the results of our empirical analysis, which tracks the coevolution of problem and solution space by meticulously examining all prototype paths in ten of Stanford's ME310 student projects. We have discovered that convergence during solution finding does not correspond to the process model's theoretical specifications. Even in the phase of the final prototype, both the technical concept and the underlying problem formulation changed frequently. Further research...

ZWF Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb