Beckie Tagbo | Institute of Child Health (original) (raw)
Papers by Beckie Tagbo
International journal of scientific research, 2017
This paper discusses the importance of rotavirus and other diarrhoeal diseases in global health. ... more This paper discusses the importance of rotavirus and other diarrhoeal diseases in global health. While noting the progress made overtime, it strongly draws attention to the outstanding issues, as well as research areas that remain to be addressed by the global community so as to bring childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality to the barest minimum.
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Journal of Embryology & Stem Cell Research, 2018
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Jan 28, 2019
We sought datasets with granular age distributions of rotavirus-positive disease presentations am... more We sought datasets with granular age distributions of rotavirus-positive disease presentations among children <5 years of age, before the introduction of rotavirus vaccines. We identified 117 datasets and fit parametric age distributions to each country dataset and mortality stratum. We calculated the median age and the cumulative proportion of rotavirus gastroenteritis events expected to occur at ages between birth and 5.0 years. The median age of rotavirus-positive hospital admissions was 38 weeks (interquartile range [IQR], 25-58 weeks) in countries with very high child mortality and 65 weeks (IQR, 40-107 weeks) in countries with very low or low child mortality. In countries with very high child mortality, 69% of rotavirus-positive admissions in children <5 years of age were in the first year of life, with 3% by 10 weeks, 8% by 15 weeks, and 27% by 26 weeks. This information is critical for assessing the potential benefits of alternative rotavirus vaccination schedules in different countries and for monitoring program impact.
Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria, 2022
Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus has been associated with un... more Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus has been associated with unprecedented morbidity and mortality globally. This has resulted in the development of prevention protocols aimed at controlling the viral pandemic. Vaccine development and vaccination were also initiated to achieve herd immunity against the virus. High vaccine confidence levels are required to mitigate vaccine hesitancy and increase the uptake of the COVID vaccines and successful control of the pandemic. Aim: The researchers in this study set out to investigate COVID-19 experiences and public confidence in COVID-19 vaccination. Materials and Methods: A survey using both online and hard copy validated questionnaires was carried out among 431 consenting research participants in 6 countries across 3 continents (Africa, North America, and Europe). Results were analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: Fifty (11.6%) of the participants had COVID-like symptoms in the last one year though only one-fifth (10, 20%) of these were tested. Hydroxychloroquine was taken by 72 (16.7%) in the past 12 months. Two hundred and sixty-five (65.5%) expressed willingness to take the COVID vaccine. Recommendations by health workers and departments were significantly associated with vaccine confidence and uptake. More than half (249, 57.8%) of the participants acknowledged the presence of rumors against the vaccine. Suggestions to increase COVID-19 vaccine confidence include: vaccines should be available in all testing centres; government should address other welfare issues first before vaccination and increased efforts toward confidence-building on the vaccine. Conclusion: Majority of the study participants were positively disposed to accepting the COVID-19 vaccine however the presence of rumors concerning the vaccine still poses a significant threat to COVID-vaccine confidence. Keywords: COVID‐19, hydroxychloroquine, rumors, vaccine confidence, vaccine hesitancy
Vaccines & vaccination open access, 2020
In Nigeria, although immunization coverages are slowly but steadily improving, proportion of full... more In Nigeria, although immunization coverages are slowly but steadily improving, proportion of fully immunize children at one year of age is still low and drop-out rates are high. In order to obtain the full benefit of immunization, children must not only receive all the needed vaccines but also must receive them in a timely manner. This has necessitated the use of reminder/ recall services to enhance full compliance to appointments in some parts of the world. To consider its use in Nigeria, this study set out to assess the views of, perceptions of, and acceptability to mothers/caregivers and immunization service providers regarding immunization appointment reminders/recall services in Enugu, Nigeria. The results will provide information to guide evidence-base policy formulations to improve immunization coverage and child health in Nigeria.
![Research paper thumbnail of Erratum to “Retrospective Evaluation of Intussusception in Under-Five Children in Nigeria” [World Journal of Vaccines Vol.4 No.3 (August 2014) 123-132]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108740895/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](World Journal of Vaccines, 2015
The Pan African Medical Journal, 2021
Introduction intussusception is the invagination of a segment of the bowel into a distal segment.... more Introduction intussusception is the invagination of a segment of the bowel into a distal segment. It occurs predominantly in infants worldwide. Following documentation of increased incidence after introduction of the first rotavirus vaccine (Rotashield, Wyeth-Lederle), it has become a standard recommendation to maintain surveillance for intussusception as newer rotavirus vaccines are introduced into EPI. Nigeria plans to introduce rotavirus vaccine in 2020. Pre-vaccine introduction surveillance will serve as a baseline to understand the epidemiology of intussusception in Nigeria. Methods from 2013 to 2017, prospective enrolment of under five children with intussusception was done following the WHO protocol and using the WHO case report form. Only children who met the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) protocol case definition for intussusception were enrolled. These children were monitored until discharge or death. Clinical features and outcome wer...
Nigerian journal of paediatrics, 2020
Background: Since the onset of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) p... more Background: Since the onset of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic also known as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) beginning in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and spreading to Nigeria in February 2020 (as well as the rest of the world), there have been enormous resultant impact on health, social, emotional and economic aspects lives and services The disease as well as its mitigation measures have negatively affected other aspects of lives and health services This paper aims to assess the preliminary effects on immunization services, blow the whistle and suggest measures to limit these effects Methods: Data was obtained by interviews and use of a structured proforma from Immunization Field Experts/Consultants working with national and international agencies in four states, heads of immunization units, officers in charge of immunization centres and facility immunization records from seven sites across Nigeria Results: There were disrupted immuniz...
Journal of Infectious Diseases & Travel Medicine, 2018
World Journal of Vaccines, 2019
Globally, diarrhoea is the second commonest infectious cause of death in children less than 5 yea... more Globally, diarrhoea is the second commonest infectious cause of death in children less than 5 years old. It is estimated that more than one billion diarrhoea episodes occur every year causing up to 700,000 deaths among children younger than 5 years of age. Seventy-two percent of these deaths occur in children below two years and enteric viruses have been recognized as a major cause of childhood diarrhoea. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of enteric Adenoviruses and Rotaviruses in children with diarrhoea in rural Enugu communities of Enugu State South East Nigeria. Methods: Stool samples were collected from children less than 5 years with diarrhoea seen in any of the participating hospitals in Enugu State. Samples were collected between June 2015 and May 2017. Detection of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus antigens were performed using commercially available ELISA kit (Oxoid-ProspecT®). Demographic data of the children were also collected. Results: Of the 290 stool samples that had sufficient materials for adenovirus and rotavirus ELISA, 14 (4.8%) and 89 (30.7%) were positive for enteric adenovirus and rotavirus respectively. 3 (1%) were co-infected with adenovirus and rotavirus. Rotavirus positive cases were more among hospitalized patients while enteric adenovirus was more among outpatients. Marked peaks of rotavirus positivity were seen in January of each year but no peak was seen among adenovirus positive cases. Higher vomiting frequencies and severe dehydration were more among rotavirus positive cases compared to adenovirus positive cases (p = 0.030 and 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: Many diarrhoea cases among children aged <5 in the population studied were associated with enteric adenoviruses and rotavirus. This finding suggests that en
Vaccine, 2018
Background: The high burden of rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is well documented among chi... more Background: The high burden of rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is well documented among children under 5 years of age, with the majority of mortality occurring in developing countries. Nigeria ranked second worldwide in the number of rotavirus deaths in 2013. As Nigeria plans to introduce rotavirus vaccine soon, a pre-vaccine documentation of rotavirus disease burden is necessary to determine vaccine impact. Methods: Routine rotavirus surveillance was conducted during 2011-2016 in 3 sentinel sites in Nigeria using the standard WHO protocol. Children under 5 years of age hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis were enrolled and demographic, clinical and outcome data were collected. A stool sample was subsequently obtained and tested for human rotavirus antigen using the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: 2694 children with acute gastroenteritis were enrolled during January 2011 to December 2016; of these, 1242 (46%) tested positive for rotavirus. Among the rotavirus positive cases, 66% and 94% were younger than 12 months and 24 months respectively. Marked peaks in rotavirus positivity were seen in January of each year. Vomiting, and use of oral and intravenous fluids occurred more often in rotavirus positive cases as compared to rotavirus negative cases. Conclusion: The high prevalence of rotavirus disease highlights the need for urgent introduction of rotavirus vaccine in Nigeria. Additionally, this study provides pre-vaccine introduction disease-burden data that will serve as a baseline for rotavirus vaccine impact-assessment once vaccine has been introduced in the national immunization program.
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2018
Objectives: Poor maintenance of school environment can cause or worsen illnesses among schoolchil... more Objectives: Poor maintenance of school environment can cause or worsen illnesses among schoolchildren. The objective of this study was to assess the healthfulness of school environments of primary schools in Enugu East, Nigeria, and to compare the difference if any between public and private schools. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional noninterventional study of the school environments in Enugu East, Nigeria. Methods: Multistage sampling method was used to select the sample population. The participating schools were inspected and their head teachers were interviewed using a questionnaire. Scores were awarded using the School Health Program Evaluation scale. Results: Thirty-three schools were studied. The most common source of water for most schools was well. Eleven schools dump refuse openly. Three public schools only had functional toilets. All public schools were adequately ventilated and lit. One private school had a foodservice area. Ten schools did not have a play field, w...
Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria, 2022
Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus has been associated with un... more Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus has been associated with unprecedented morbidity and mortality globally. This has resulted in the development of prevention protocols aimed at controlling the viral pandemic. Vaccine development and vaccination were also initiated to achieve herd immunity against the virus. High vaccine confidence levels are required to mitigate vaccine hesitancy and increase the uptake of the COVID vaccines and successful control of the pandemic. Aim: The researchers in this study set out to investigate COVID-19 experiences and public confidence in COVID-19 vaccination. Materials and Methods: A survey using both online and hard copy validated questionnaires was carried out among 431 consenting research participants in 6 countries across 3 continents (Africa, North America, and Europe). Results were analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: Fifty (11.6%) of the participants had COVID-like symptoms in the last one year though only one-fifth (10, 20%) of these were tested. Hydroxychloroquine was taken by 72 (16.7%) in the past 12 months. Two hundred and sixty-five (65.5%) expressed willingness to take the COVID vaccine. Recommendations by health workers and departments were significantly associated with vaccine confidence and uptake. More than half (249, 57.8%) of the participants acknowledged the presence of rumors against the vaccine. Suggestions to increase COVID-19 vaccine confidence include: vaccines should be available in all testing centres; government should address other welfare issues first before vaccination and increased efforts toward confidence-building on the vaccine. Conclusion: Majority of the study participants were positively disposed to accepting the COVID-19 vaccine however the presence of rumors concerning the vaccine still poses a significant threat to COVID-vaccine confidence.
Keywords: COVID‐19, hydroxychloroquine, rumors, vaccine confidence, vaccine hesitancy
Theme lecture at Nigerian Medical Association 2015 Physicians Week at Enugu Nigeria
Vaccine, 2016
The findings, opinions and assertions contained in this consensus document are those of the indiv... more The findings, opinions and assertions contained in this consensus document are those of the individual scientific professional members of the Working Group. They do not necessarily represent the official positions of each participant's organisation (e.g. government, university, or corporation). Specifically, the findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of their respective institutions.
Nigerian journal of paediatrics
International journal of scientific research, 2017
This paper discusses the importance of rotavirus and other diarrhoeal diseases in global health. ... more This paper discusses the importance of rotavirus and other diarrhoeal diseases in global health. While noting the progress made overtime, it strongly draws attention to the outstanding issues, as well as research areas that remain to be addressed by the global community so as to bring childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality to the barest minimum.
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Journal of Embryology & Stem Cell Research, 2018
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Jan 28, 2019
We sought datasets with granular age distributions of rotavirus-positive disease presentations am... more We sought datasets with granular age distributions of rotavirus-positive disease presentations among children <5 years of age, before the introduction of rotavirus vaccines. We identified 117 datasets and fit parametric age distributions to each country dataset and mortality stratum. We calculated the median age and the cumulative proportion of rotavirus gastroenteritis events expected to occur at ages between birth and 5.0 years. The median age of rotavirus-positive hospital admissions was 38 weeks (interquartile range [IQR], 25-58 weeks) in countries with very high child mortality and 65 weeks (IQR, 40-107 weeks) in countries with very low or low child mortality. In countries with very high child mortality, 69% of rotavirus-positive admissions in children <5 years of age were in the first year of life, with 3% by 10 weeks, 8% by 15 weeks, and 27% by 26 weeks. This information is critical for assessing the potential benefits of alternative rotavirus vaccination schedules in different countries and for monitoring program impact.
Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria, 2022
Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus has been associated with un... more Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus has been associated with unprecedented morbidity and mortality globally. This has resulted in the development of prevention protocols aimed at controlling the viral pandemic. Vaccine development and vaccination were also initiated to achieve herd immunity against the virus. High vaccine confidence levels are required to mitigate vaccine hesitancy and increase the uptake of the COVID vaccines and successful control of the pandemic. Aim: The researchers in this study set out to investigate COVID-19 experiences and public confidence in COVID-19 vaccination. Materials and Methods: A survey using both online and hard copy validated questionnaires was carried out among 431 consenting research participants in 6 countries across 3 continents (Africa, North America, and Europe). Results were analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: Fifty (11.6%) of the participants had COVID-like symptoms in the last one year though only one-fifth (10, 20%) of these were tested. Hydroxychloroquine was taken by 72 (16.7%) in the past 12 months. Two hundred and sixty-five (65.5%) expressed willingness to take the COVID vaccine. Recommendations by health workers and departments were significantly associated with vaccine confidence and uptake. More than half (249, 57.8%) of the participants acknowledged the presence of rumors against the vaccine. Suggestions to increase COVID-19 vaccine confidence include: vaccines should be available in all testing centres; government should address other welfare issues first before vaccination and increased efforts toward confidence-building on the vaccine. Conclusion: Majority of the study participants were positively disposed to accepting the COVID-19 vaccine however the presence of rumors concerning the vaccine still poses a significant threat to COVID-vaccine confidence. Keywords: COVID‐19, hydroxychloroquine, rumors, vaccine confidence, vaccine hesitancy
Vaccines & vaccination open access, 2020
In Nigeria, although immunization coverages are slowly but steadily improving, proportion of full... more In Nigeria, although immunization coverages are slowly but steadily improving, proportion of fully immunize children at one year of age is still low and drop-out rates are high. In order to obtain the full benefit of immunization, children must not only receive all the needed vaccines but also must receive them in a timely manner. This has necessitated the use of reminder/ recall services to enhance full compliance to appointments in some parts of the world. To consider its use in Nigeria, this study set out to assess the views of, perceptions of, and acceptability to mothers/caregivers and immunization service providers regarding immunization appointment reminders/recall services in Enugu, Nigeria. The results will provide information to guide evidence-base policy formulations to improve immunization coverage and child health in Nigeria.
World Journal of Vaccines, 2015
The Pan African Medical Journal, 2021
Introduction intussusception is the invagination of a segment of the bowel into a distal segment.... more Introduction intussusception is the invagination of a segment of the bowel into a distal segment. It occurs predominantly in infants worldwide. Following documentation of increased incidence after introduction of the first rotavirus vaccine (Rotashield, Wyeth-Lederle), it has become a standard recommendation to maintain surveillance for intussusception as newer rotavirus vaccines are introduced into EPI. Nigeria plans to introduce rotavirus vaccine in 2020. Pre-vaccine introduction surveillance will serve as a baseline to understand the epidemiology of intussusception in Nigeria. Methods from 2013 to 2017, prospective enrolment of under five children with intussusception was done following the WHO protocol and using the WHO case report form. Only children who met the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) protocol case definition for intussusception were enrolled. These children were monitored until discharge or death. Clinical features and outcome wer...
Nigerian journal of paediatrics, 2020
Background: Since the onset of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) p... more Background: Since the onset of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic also known as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) beginning in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and spreading to Nigeria in February 2020 (as well as the rest of the world), there have been enormous resultant impact on health, social, emotional and economic aspects lives and services The disease as well as its mitigation measures have negatively affected other aspects of lives and health services This paper aims to assess the preliminary effects on immunization services, blow the whistle and suggest measures to limit these effects Methods: Data was obtained by interviews and use of a structured proforma from Immunization Field Experts/Consultants working with national and international agencies in four states, heads of immunization units, officers in charge of immunization centres and facility immunization records from seven sites across Nigeria Results: There were disrupted immuniz...
Journal of Infectious Diseases & Travel Medicine, 2018
World Journal of Vaccines, 2019
Globally, diarrhoea is the second commonest infectious cause of death in children less than 5 yea... more Globally, diarrhoea is the second commonest infectious cause of death in children less than 5 years old. It is estimated that more than one billion diarrhoea episodes occur every year causing up to 700,000 deaths among children younger than 5 years of age. Seventy-two percent of these deaths occur in children below two years and enteric viruses have been recognized as a major cause of childhood diarrhoea. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of enteric Adenoviruses and Rotaviruses in children with diarrhoea in rural Enugu communities of Enugu State South East Nigeria. Methods: Stool samples were collected from children less than 5 years with diarrhoea seen in any of the participating hospitals in Enugu State. Samples were collected between June 2015 and May 2017. Detection of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus antigens were performed using commercially available ELISA kit (Oxoid-ProspecT®). Demographic data of the children were also collected. Results: Of the 290 stool samples that had sufficient materials for adenovirus and rotavirus ELISA, 14 (4.8%) and 89 (30.7%) were positive for enteric adenovirus and rotavirus respectively. 3 (1%) were co-infected with adenovirus and rotavirus. Rotavirus positive cases were more among hospitalized patients while enteric adenovirus was more among outpatients. Marked peaks of rotavirus positivity were seen in January of each year but no peak was seen among adenovirus positive cases. Higher vomiting frequencies and severe dehydration were more among rotavirus positive cases compared to adenovirus positive cases (p = 0.030 and 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: Many diarrhoea cases among children aged <5 in the population studied were associated with enteric adenoviruses and rotavirus. This finding suggests that en
Vaccine, 2018
Background: The high burden of rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is well documented among chi... more Background: The high burden of rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is well documented among children under 5 years of age, with the majority of mortality occurring in developing countries. Nigeria ranked second worldwide in the number of rotavirus deaths in 2013. As Nigeria plans to introduce rotavirus vaccine soon, a pre-vaccine documentation of rotavirus disease burden is necessary to determine vaccine impact. Methods: Routine rotavirus surveillance was conducted during 2011-2016 in 3 sentinel sites in Nigeria using the standard WHO protocol. Children under 5 years of age hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis were enrolled and demographic, clinical and outcome data were collected. A stool sample was subsequently obtained and tested for human rotavirus antigen using the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: 2694 children with acute gastroenteritis were enrolled during January 2011 to December 2016; of these, 1242 (46%) tested positive for rotavirus. Among the rotavirus positive cases, 66% and 94% were younger than 12 months and 24 months respectively. Marked peaks in rotavirus positivity were seen in January of each year. Vomiting, and use of oral and intravenous fluids occurred more often in rotavirus positive cases as compared to rotavirus negative cases. Conclusion: The high prevalence of rotavirus disease highlights the need for urgent introduction of rotavirus vaccine in Nigeria. Additionally, this study provides pre-vaccine introduction disease-burden data that will serve as a baseline for rotavirus vaccine impact-assessment once vaccine has been introduced in the national immunization program.
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2018
Objectives: Poor maintenance of school environment can cause or worsen illnesses among schoolchil... more Objectives: Poor maintenance of school environment can cause or worsen illnesses among schoolchildren. The objective of this study was to assess the healthfulness of school environments of primary schools in Enugu East, Nigeria, and to compare the difference if any between public and private schools. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional noninterventional study of the school environments in Enugu East, Nigeria. Methods: Multistage sampling method was used to select the sample population. The participating schools were inspected and their head teachers were interviewed using a questionnaire. Scores were awarded using the School Health Program Evaluation scale. Results: Thirty-three schools were studied. The most common source of water for most schools was well. Eleven schools dump refuse openly. Three public schools only had functional toilets. All public schools were adequately ventilated and lit. One private school had a foodservice area. Ten schools did not have a play field, w...
Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria, 2022
Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus has been associated with un... more Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus has been associated with unprecedented morbidity and mortality globally. This has resulted in the development of prevention protocols aimed at controlling the viral pandemic. Vaccine development and vaccination were also initiated to achieve herd immunity against the virus. High vaccine confidence levels are required to mitigate vaccine hesitancy and increase the uptake of the COVID vaccines and successful control of the pandemic. Aim: The researchers in this study set out to investigate COVID-19 experiences and public confidence in COVID-19 vaccination. Materials and Methods: A survey using both online and hard copy validated questionnaires was carried out among 431 consenting research participants in 6 countries across 3 continents (Africa, North America, and Europe). Results were analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: Fifty (11.6%) of the participants had COVID-like symptoms in the last one year though only one-fifth (10, 20%) of these were tested. Hydroxychloroquine was taken by 72 (16.7%) in the past 12 months. Two hundred and sixty-five (65.5%) expressed willingness to take the COVID vaccine. Recommendations by health workers and departments were significantly associated with vaccine confidence and uptake. More than half (249, 57.8%) of the participants acknowledged the presence of rumors against the vaccine. Suggestions to increase COVID-19 vaccine confidence include: vaccines should be available in all testing centres; government should address other welfare issues first before vaccination and increased efforts toward confidence-building on the vaccine. Conclusion: Majority of the study participants were positively disposed to accepting the COVID-19 vaccine however the presence of rumors concerning the vaccine still poses a significant threat to COVID-vaccine confidence.
Keywords: COVID‐19, hydroxychloroquine, rumors, vaccine confidence, vaccine hesitancy
Theme lecture at Nigerian Medical Association 2015 Physicians Week at Enugu Nigeria
Vaccine, 2016
The findings, opinions and assertions contained in this consensus document are those of the indiv... more The findings, opinions and assertions contained in this consensus document are those of the individual scientific professional members of the Working Group. They do not necessarily represent the official positions of each participant's organisation (e.g. government, university, or corporation). Specifically, the findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of their respective institutions.
Nigerian journal of paediatrics
A Quick Glance At Paediatrics, 2019
Book Description This book represents a much-needed paediatric reference book, especially with re... more Book Description
This book represents a much-needed paediatric reference book, especially with regards to developing countries. It will be of interest and use to all professional stakeholders in paediatrics and child health, including paediatricians, general practitioners, family medicine specialists, paediatric teachers and lecturers, and medical students. It covers a wide range of topics including clinical paediatrics, preventive and social paediatrics, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, child health, clinical history taking, systemic physical examination and clinical reasoning. It also considers interdisciplinary areas like paediatric dermatology and paediatric orthopaedics. As such, this is an invaluable book, and it brings together a wide range of experienced experts from various specialties and institutions.
associated with knowledge and acceptance of immunization. These findings are important in the des... more associated with knowledge and acceptance of immunization. These findings are important in the design and implementation of childhood immunization programmes.