Tuhin S Santra - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Dr. Tuhin Subhra Santra is an Assistant Professor in Department of Engineering Design at Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India, from July 2016. Currently he is a tenure track “Honorary Visiting Professor” at National Tsing Hua University” Taiwan from 2108~2020 and he was a “Visiting Professor” at University of Cambridge, UK in 2019. Dr. Santra received his PhD degree in Bio-Nano Electro Mechanical Systems (Bio-NEMS) with entitled “Nano-localized Single Cell Nano-electroporation” from the Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems (NEMS), National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Taiwan 2013. Dr. Santra was a Post-Doctoral researcher at the California Nano System Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), USA, 2015~2016. His main research areas are Bio-NEMS, MEMS, Single Cell Technology, Bio-Micro/Nano Fabrication, Biomedical Micro/Nano Devices, Nanomedicine etc. Currently Dr. Santra serving as a Guest Editor for Cell and Micromachines Journals. He served as a Guest Editor for International Journal of Molecular Science (IJMS) 2018, 2017, AIMS Biophysics 2017 and Sensors Journal 2016, Journal of Molecules 2016, Sensors and Transducers Journal 2015, International Journal of Molecular Science (IJMS) 2015, American Journal of Nanoresearch and Application 2014, Journal of Micromachines 2013, among others.
He was Editor of the book “Essential of Single Cell Analysis” Springer, Germany 2016, “Micro/Nano Fluidic Devices for Single Cell Analysis” MDPI Switzerland, 2014, “Single Cell Analysis in Biotechnology and System Biology” MDPI, Switzerland, 2014. Dr. Santra has organized session chair in IEEE-NEMS, 2017 at Los Angeles, California, USA and delivered invited talk in IEEE-NEMS 2017, ICNT 2015, Haldia, India, among others.
Dr. Santra has received many honours and awards such as “Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance Fellowship” in 2018, Honorary Research Fellow from National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan in 2018, Bhart Bikas Award in 2017, NTHU outstanding student award in 2011 and 2013, IEEE-NEMS best conference paper award in 2014, outstanding student awards at NTHU and Jadavpur University in 2005, 2006, 2010 and 2012, silver medal from Vidyasagar University in 2004 etc. Dr. Santra has published many international journal papers, has US and Taiwan pending patents, books, book chapters, proceedings and International Conference papers in his research field. Currently Dr. Santra serving as an Editor in Chief for Springer-Nature publisher book entitled “Handbook of Single Cell Technology” and Editor for Pan Stanford publisher, Singapore, with book entitled “Microfluidics and Bio-NEMS: Devices and Applications” and Editor for Cambridge Scholar Publisher with book title “Bionanomaterial”
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Papers by Tuhin S Santra
Optical Study of Diamond-Like Nanocomposite Thin Films
ABSTRACT See the full paper
Micromachines, 2021
The ability to deliver foreign molecules into a single living cell with high transfection efficie... more The ability to deliver foreign molecules into a single living cell with high transfection efficiency and high cell viability is of great interest in cell biology for applications in therapeutic development, diagnostics, and drug delivery towards personalized medicine. Various physical delivery methods have long demonstrated the ability to deliver cargo molecules directly to the cytoplasm or nucleus and the mechanisms underlying most of the approaches have been extensively investigated. However, most of these techniques are bulk approaches that are cell-specific and have low throughput delivery. In comparison to bulk measurements, single-cell measurement technologies can provide a better understanding of the interactions among molecules, organelles, cells, and the microenvironment, which can aid in the development of therapeutics and diagnostic tools. To elucidate distinct responses during cell genetic modification, methods to achieve transfection at the single-cell level are of grea...
Microfluidics-Based Metallic Nanoparticle Synthesis and Applications
Microfluidics and Bio-MEMS, 2020
Microfluidics and Bio-MEMS, 2020
Azospirillum spp. is of worldwide distribution prevalent in tropical, subtropical and temperate c... more Azospirillum spp. is of worldwide distribution prevalent in tropical, subtropical and temperate climatic conditions and has been isolated from the rhizosphere of a variety of tropical and subtropical nonleguminous crops. Keeping these points in view a study was conducted during Rabi and Kharif 2016-17 in the
Microfluidic Electroporation and Applications
Microfluidics and Bio-MEMS, 2020
Nanomaterials: Versatile Drug Carriers for Nanomedicine
Micro-Robots/Microswimmers for Biomedical Applications
Microfluidics in Neuroscience
Cells, 2020
The brain is an intricate network with complex organizational principles facilitating a concerted... more The brain is an intricate network with complex organizational principles facilitating a concerted communication between single-neurons, distinct neuron populations, and remote brain areas. The communication, technically referred to as connectivity, between single-neurons, is the center of many investigations aimed at elucidating pathophysiology, anatomical differences, and structural and functional features. In comparison with bulk analysis, single-neuron analysis can provide precise information about neurons or even sub-neuron level electrophysiology, anatomical differences, pathophysiology, structural and functional features, in addition to their communications with other neurons, and can promote essential information to understand the brain and its activity. This review highlights various single-neuron models and their behaviors, followed by different analysis methods. Again, to elucidate cellular dynamics in terms of electrophysiology at the single-neuron level, we emphasize in ...
RSC Advances, 2021
The introduction of foreign cargo into living cells with high delivery efficiency and cell viabil... more The introduction of foreign cargo into living cells with high delivery efficiency and cell viability by laser asisted photoporation on TiO2 microspikes platform.
Micromachines, 2020
High throughput reconstruction of in vivo cellular environments allows for efficient investigatio... more High throughput reconstruction of in vivo cellular environments allows for efficient investigation of cellular functions. If one-side-open multi-channel microdevices are integrated with micropumps, the devices will achieve higher throughput in the manipulation of single cells while maintaining flexibility and open accessibility. This paper reports on the integration of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micronozzle array and bidirectional electrokinetic pumps driven by DC-biased AC voltages. Pt/Ti and indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes were used to study the effect of DC bias and peak-to-peak voltage and electrodes in a low conductivity isotonic solution. The flow was bidirectionally controlled by changing the DC bias. A pump integrated with a micronozzle array was used to transport single HeLa cells into nozzle holes. The application of DC-biased AC voltage (100 kHz, 10 Vpp, and VDC: −4 V) provided a sufficient electroosmotic flow outside the nozzle array. This integration method of nozz...
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2018
The investigation of human disease mechanisms is difficult due to the heterogeneity in gene expre... more The investigation of human disease mechanisms is difficult due to the heterogeneity in gene expression and the physiological state of cells in a given population. In comparison to bulk cell measurements, single-cell measurement technologies can provide a better understanding of the interactions among molecules, organelles, cells, and the microenvironment, which can aid in the development of therapeutics and diagnostic tools. In recent years, single-cell technologies have become increasingly robust and accessible, although limitations exist. In this review, we describe the recent advances in single-cell technologies and their applications in single-cell manipulation, diagnosis, and therapeutics development.
Biomolecules, 2019
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The main modality to fight against cancer ... more Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The main modality to fight against cancer is surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, and more recently targeted therapy, gene therapy and immunotherapy, which play important roles in treating cancer patients. In the last decades, chemotherapy has been well developed. Nonetheless, administration of the drug is not always successful, as limited drug dosage can reach the tumor cells.. In this context, the possibility to use an encapsulated anti-cancer drug may potentially solve the problem. Liposomal cytarabine is a formulation with pronounced effectiveness in lymphomatous meningitis and reduced cardiotoxicity if compared to liposomal anthracyclines. Thus, the future liposomal cytarabine use could be extended to other diseases given its reduction in cytotoxic side effects compared to the free formulation. This review summarizes the chemistry and biology of liposomal cytarabine, with exploration of its clinical implications.
Molecules, 2016
The study of model organisms is very important in view of their potential for application to huma... more The study of model organisms is very important in view of their potential for application to human therapeutic uses. One such model organism is the nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans. As a nematode, C. elegans have ~65% similarity with human disease genes and, therefore, studies on C. elegans can be translated to human, as well as, C. elegans can be used in the study of different types of parasitic worms that infect other living organisms. In the past decade, many efforts have been undertaken to establish interdisciplinary research collaborations between biologists, physicists and engineers in order to develop microfluidic devices to study the biology of C. elegans. Microfluidic devices with the power to manipulate and detect bio-samples, regents or biomolecules in micro-scale environments can well fulfill the requirement to handle worms under proper laboratory conditions, thereby significantly increasing research productivity and knowledge. The recent development of different kinds of microfluidic devices with ultra-high throughput platforms has enabled researchers to carry out worm population studies. Microfluidic devices primarily comprises of chambers, channels and valves, wherein worms can be cultured, immobilized, imaged, etc. Microfluidic devices have been adapted to study various worm behaviors, including that deepen our understanding of neuromuscular connectivity and functions. This review will provide a clear account of the vital involvement of microfluidic devices in worm biology.
Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science and technology with numerous applications in biome... more Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science and technology with numerous applications in biomedical fields and manufacturing new materials. To extract gold nanoparticles with different techniques, green biosynthesis is in under exploration due to its cost effective ecofriendly preparation with controllable shape, size and disparity, tremendous physical and chemical inertness, optical properties related with surface plasmon resonance, surface modification, surface bio-conjugation with molecular probes, excellent biocompatibility and less toxicity. This review article presents the overview of green biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and their recent biomedical applications.
Microelectromechanical Systems and Devices, 2012
Microelectromechanical Systems and Devices 460 properties present in Diamond, Diamond-like Carbon... more Microelectromechanical Systems and Devices 460 properties present in Diamond, Diamond-like Carbon (DLC) and Diamond-like Nanocimposite (DLN) based thin films [8]. The amorphous carbon films based MEMS are fully dominated the silicon-based MEMS technologies. The silicon-based MEMS with mechanical loading have lack of high fracture toughness facing with high reliability. Under some extreme conditions like very high temperature or very high particle radiation, silicon may fail to sustain these properties. However, silicon have very large coefficient of friction, high surface energy, high wear rate and small band gap energy, which cannot fulfill the all material properties of MEMS [18]. To overcome these drawbacks of silicon materials, researchers are continuously trying to look for new materials for MEMS applications. Ceramics (wide band gap), semiconductors (such as SiC), Polymers (PDMS, PMMA), can play important role for MEMS fabrications. Except these materials, diamond, diamond-like carbon (DLC) and diamond-like nanocomposite (DLN) etc are promising materials for MEMS applications. High elasticity and tensile strength of DLC and DLN films can suitable for high frequency MEMS devices. The temperature withstanding capability of both DLC and DLN films is up to 600 0 C or slightly more. The biocompatibility of DLC and DLN films is strongly effective for biosensors in diagnostics and therapies, surface coatings for surgical instruments, prosthetic replacements etc. Chemically modified DLC and DLN surfaces can act as sensing trace of gases to detect biomolecules in biological research. We have presented a brief review about the latest properties of different amorphous carbon based diamond, Diamond-like Carbon (DLC) and Diamond-like Nanocomposite (DLN) thin films and their application in MEMS/NEMS devices.
Micromachines, 2013
The behaviors of cell to cell or cell to environment with their organelles and their intracellula... more The behaviors of cell to cell or cell to environment with their organelles and their intracellular physical or biochemical effects are still not fully understood. Analyzing millions of cells together cannot provide detailed information, such as cell proliferation, differentiation or different responses to external stimuli and intracellular reaction. Thus, single cell level research is becoming a pioneering research area that unveils the interaction details in high temporal and spatial resolution among cells. To analyze the cellular function, single cell electroporation can be conducted by employing a miniaturized device, whose dimension should be similar to that of a single cell. Micro/nanofluidic devices can fulfill this requirement for single cell electroporation. This device is not only useful for cell lysis, cell to cell fusion or separation, insertion of drug, DNA and antibodies inside single cell, but also it can control biochemical, electrical and mechanical parameters using electroporation technique. This device provides better performance such as high transfection efficiency, high cell viability, lower Joule heating effect, less sample contamination, lower toxicity during electroporation experiment when compared to bulk electroporation process. In addition, single organelles within a cell can be analyzed selectively by reducing the electrode size and gap at nanoscale level. This advanced technique can deliver (in/out) biomolecules precisely through a small membrane area (micro to nanoscale area) of the single cell, known as localized single cell membrane electroporation (LSCMEP). These articles emphasize the recent progress in micro/nanofluidic single cell electroporation, which is potentially beneficial for OPEN ACCESS high-efficient therapeutic and delivery applications or understanding cell to cell interaction.
Characterization of diamond-like nanocomposite thin films grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Journal of Applied Physics, 2010
Diamond-like nanocomposite (DLN) thin films, comprising the networks of a-C:H and a-Si:O were dep... more Diamond-like nanocomposite (DLN) thin films, comprising the networks of a-C:H and a-Si:O were deposited on pyrex glass or silicon substrate using gas precursors (e.g., hexamethyldisilane, hexamethyldisiloxane, hexamethyldisilazane, or their different combinations) mixed with argon gas, by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. Surface morphology of DLN films was analyzed by atomic force microscopy. High-resolution transmission electron microscopic result shows that the films contain nanoparticles within the amorphous structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to determine the structural change within the DLN films. The hardness and friction coefficient of the films were measured by nanoindentation and scratch test techniques, respectively. FTIR and XPS studies show the presence of C-C, C-H, Si-C, and Si-H bonds in the a-C:H and a-Si:O networks. Using Raman spectroscopy, we also found that the hardness of the DLN films varies with the intensity ratio ID/IG. Finally, we observed that the DLN films has a better performance compared to DLC, when it comes to properties like high hardness, high modulus of elasticity, low surface roughness and low friction coefficient. These characteristics are the critical components in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and emerging nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS).
Cells, 2021
Cells exert, sense, and respond to the different physical forces through diverse mechanisms and t... more Cells exert, sense, and respond to the different physical forces through diverse mechanisms and translating them into biochemical signals. The adhesion of cells is crucial in various developmental functions, such as to maintain tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis and activate critical signaling pathways regulating survival, migration, gene expression, and differentiation. More importantly, any mutations of adhesion receptors can lead to developmental disorders and diseases. Thus, it is essential to understand the regulation of cell adhesion during development and its contribution to various conditions with the help of quantitative methods. The techniques involved in offering different functionalities such as surface imaging to detect forces present at the cell-matrix and deliver quantitative parameters will help characterize the changes for various diseases. Here, we have briefly reviewed single-cell mechanical properties for mechanotransduction studies using standard and recently ...
Optical Manipulation of Cells
Microfluidics and Bio-MEMS
Optical Study of Diamond-Like Nanocomposite Thin Films
ABSTRACT See the full paper
Micromachines, 2021
The ability to deliver foreign molecules into a single living cell with high transfection efficie... more The ability to deliver foreign molecules into a single living cell with high transfection efficiency and high cell viability is of great interest in cell biology for applications in therapeutic development, diagnostics, and drug delivery towards personalized medicine. Various physical delivery methods have long demonstrated the ability to deliver cargo molecules directly to the cytoplasm or nucleus and the mechanisms underlying most of the approaches have been extensively investigated. However, most of these techniques are bulk approaches that are cell-specific and have low throughput delivery. In comparison to bulk measurements, single-cell measurement technologies can provide a better understanding of the interactions among molecules, organelles, cells, and the microenvironment, which can aid in the development of therapeutics and diagnostic tools. To elucidate distinct responses during cell genetic modification, methods to achieve transfection at the single-cell level are of grea...
Microfluidics-Based Metallic Nanoparticle Synthesis and Applications
Microfluidics and Bio-MEMS, 2020
Microfluidics and Bio-MEMS, 2020
Azospirillum spp. is of worldwide distribution prevalent in tropical, subtropical and temperate c... more Azospirillum spp. is of worldwide distribution prevalent in tropical, subtropical and temperate climatic conditions and has been isolated from the rhizosphere of a variety of tropical and subtropical nonleguminous crops. Keeping these points in view a study was conducted during Rabi and Kharif 2016-17 in the
Microfluidic Electroporation and Applications
Microfluidics and Bio-MEMS, 2020
Nanomaterials: Versatile Drug Carriers for Nanomedicine
Micro-Robots/Microswimmers for Biomedical Applications
Microfluidics in Neuroscience
Cells, 2020
The brain is an intricate network with complex organizational principles facilitating a concerted... more The brain is an intricate network with complex organizational principles facilitating a concerted communication between single-neurons, distinct neuron populations, and remote brain areas. The communication, technically referred to as connectivity, between single-neurons, is the center of many investigations aimed at elucidating pathophysiology, anatomical differences, and structural and functional features. In comparison with bulk analysis, single-neuron analysis can provide precise information about neurons or even sub-neuron level electrophysiology, anatomical differences, pathophysiology, structural and functional features, in addition to their communications with other neurons, and can promote essential information to understand the brain and its activity. This review highlights various single-neuron models and their behaviors, followed by different analysis methods. Again, to elucidate cellular dynamics in terms of electrophysiology at the single-neuron level, we emphasize in ...
RSC Advances, 2021
The introduction of foreign cargo into living cells with high delivery efficiency and cell viabil... more The introduction of foreign cargo into living cells with high delivery efficiency and cell viability by laser asisted photoporation on TiO2 microspikes platform.
Micromachines, 2020
High throughput reconstruction of in vivo cellular environments allows for efficient investigatio... more High throughput reconstruction of in vivo cellular environments allows for efficient investigation of cellular functions. If one-side-open multi-channel microdevices are integrated with micropumps, the devices will achieve higher throughput in the manipulation of single cells while maintaining flexibility and open accessibility. This paper reports on the integration of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micronozzle array and bidirectional electrokinetic pumps driven by DC-biased AC voltages. Pt/Ti and indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes were used to study the effect of DC bias and peak-to-peak voltage and electrodes in a low conductivity isotonic solution. The flow was bidirectionally controlled by changing the DC bias. A pump integrated with a micronozzle array was used to transport single HeLa cells into nozzle holes. The application of DC-biased AC voltage (100 kHz, 10 Vpp, and VDC: −4 V) provided a sufficient electroosmotic flow outside the nozzle array. This integration method of nozz...
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2018
The investigation of human disease mechanisms is difficult due to the heterogeneity in gene expre... more The investigation of human disease mechanisms is difficult due to the heterogeneity in gene expression and the physiological state of cells in a given population. In comparison to bulk cell measurements, single-cell measurement technologies can provide a better understanding of the interactions among molecules, organelles, cells, and the microenvironment, which can aid in the development of therapeutics and diagnostic tools. In recent years, single-cell technologies have become increasingly robust and accessible, although limitations exist. In this review, we describe the recent advances in single-cell technologies and their applications in single-cell manipulation, diagnosis, and therapeutics development.
Biomolecules, 2019
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The main modality to fight against cancer ... more Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The main modality to fight against cancer is surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, and more recently targeted therapy, gene therapy and immunotherapy, which play important roles in treating cancer patients. In the last decades, chemotherapy has been well developed. Nonetheless, administration of the drug is not always successful, as limited drug dosage can reach the tumor cells.. In this context, the possibility to use an encapsulated anti-cancer drug may potentially solve the problem. Liposomal cytarabine is a formulation with pronounced effectiveness in lymphomatous meningitis and reduced cardiotoxicity if compared to liposomal anthracyclines. Thus, the future liposomal cytarabine use could be extended to other diseases given its reduction in cytotoxic side effects compared to the free formulation. This review summarizes the chemistry and biology of liposomal cytarabine, with exploration of its clinical implications.
Molecules, 2016
The study of model organisms is very important in view of their potential for application to huma... more The study of model organisms is very important in view of their potential for application to human therapeutic uses. One such model organism is the nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans. As a nematode, C. elegans have ~65% similarity with human disease genes and, therefore, studies on C. elegans can be translated to human, as well as, C. elegans can be used in the study of different types of parasitic worms that infect other living organisms. In the past decade, many efforts have been undertaken to establish interdisciplinary research collaborations between biologists, physicists and engineers in order to develop microfluidic devices to study the biology of C. elegans. Microfluidic devices with the power to manipulate and detect bio-samples, regents or biomolecules in micro-scale environments can well fulfill the requirement to handle worms under proper laboratory conditions, thereby significantly increasing research productivity and knowledge. The recent development of different kinds of microfluidic devices with ultra-high throughput platforms has enabled researchers to carry out worm population studies. Microfluidic devices primarily comprises of chambers, channels and valves, wherein worms can be cultured, immobilized, imaged, etc. Microfluidic devices have been adapted to study various worm behaviors, including that deepen our understanding of neuromuscular connectivity and functions. This review will provide a clear account of the vital involvement of microfluidic devices in worm biology.
Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science and technology with numerous applications in biome... more Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science and technology with numerous applications in biomedical fields and manufacturing new materials. To extract gold nanoparticles with different techniques, green biosynthesis is in under exploration due to its cost effective ecofriendly preparation with controllable shape, size and disparity, tremendous physical and chemical inertness, optical properties related with surface plasmon resonance, surface modification, surface bio-conjugation with molecular probes, excellent biocompatibility and less toxicity. This review article presents the overview of green biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and their recent biomedical applications.
Microelectromechanical Systems and Devices, 2012
Microelectromechanical Systems and Devices 460 properties present in Diamond, Diamond-like Carbon... more Microelectromechanical Systems and Devices 460 properties present in Diamond, Diamond-like Carbon (DLC) and Diamond-like Nanocimposite (DLN) based thin films [8]. The amorphous carbon films based MEMS are fully dominated the silicon-based MEMS technologies. The silicon-based MEMS with mechanical loading have lack of high fracture toughness facing with high reliability. Under some extreme conditions like very high temperature or very high particle radiation, silicon may fail to sustain these properties. However, silicon have very large coefficient of friction, high surface energy, high wear rate and small band gap energy, which cannot fulfill the all material properties of MEMS [18]. To overcome these drawbacks of silicon materials, researchers are continuously trying to look for new materials for MEMS applications. Ceramics (wide band gap), semiconductors (such as SiC), Polymers (PDMS, PMMA), can play important role for MEMS fabrications. Except these materials, diamond, diamond-like carbon (DLC) and diamond-like nanocomposite (DLN) etc are promising materials for MEMS applications. High elasticity and tensile strength of DLC and DLN films can suitable for high frequency MEMS devices. The temperature withstanding capability of both DLC and DLN films is up to 600 0 C or slightly more. The biocompatibility of DLC and DLN films is strongly effective for biosensors in diagnostics and therapies, surface coatings for surgical instruments, prosthetic replacements etc. Chemically modified DLC and DLN surfaces can act as sensing trace of gases to detect biomolecules in biological research. We have presented a brief review about the latest properties of different amorphous carbon based diamond, Diamond-like Carbon (DLC) and Diamond-like Nanocomposite (DLN) thin films and their application in MEMS/NEMS devices.
Micromachines, 2013
The behaviors of cell to cell or cell to environment with their organelles and their intracellula... more The behaviors of cell to cell or cell to environment with their organelles and their intracellular physical or biochemical effects are still not fully understood. Analyzing millions of cells together cannot provide detailed information, such as cell proliferation, differentiation or different responses to external stimuli and intracellular reaction. Thus, single cell level research is becoming a pioneering research area that unveils the interaction details in high temporal and spatial resolution among cells. To analyze the cellular function, single cell electroporation can be conducted by employing a miniaturized device, whose dimension should be similar to that of a single cell. Micro/nanofluidic devices can fulfill this requirement for single cell electroporation. This device is not only useful for cell lysis, cell to cell fusion or separation, insertion of drug, DNA and antibodies inside single cell, but also it can control biochemical, electrical and mechanical parameters using electroporation technique. This device provides better performance such as high transfection efficiency, high cell viability, lower Joule heating effect, less sample contamination, lower toxicity during electroporation experiment when compared to bulk electroporation process. In addition, single organelles within a cell can be analyzed selectively by reducing the electrode size and gap at nanoscale level. This advanced technique can deliver (in/out) biomolecules precisely through a small membrane area (micro to nanoscale area) of the single cell, known as localized single cell membrane electroporation (LSCMEP). These articles emphasize the recent progress in micro/nanofluidic single cell electroporation, which is potentially beneficial for OPEN ACCESS high-efficient therapeutic and delivery applications or understanding cell to cell interaction.
Characterization of diamond-like nanocomposite thin films grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Journal of Applied Physics, 2010
Diamond-like nanocomposite (DLN) thin films, comprising the networks of a-C:H and a-Si:O were dep... more Diamond-like nanocomposite (DLN) thin films, comprising the networks of a-C:H and a-Si:O were deposited on pyrex glass or silicon substrate using gas precursors (e.g., hexamethyldisilane, hexamethyldisiloxane, hexamethyldisilazane, or their different combinations) mixed with argon gas, by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. Surface morphology of DLN films was analyzed by atomic force microscopy. High-resolution transmission electron microscopic result shows that the films contain nanoparticles within the amorphous structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to determine the structural change within the DLN films. The hardness and friction coefficient of the films were measured by nanoindentation and scratch test techniques, respectively. FTIR and XPS studies show the presence of C-C, C-H, Si-C, and Si-H bonds in the a-C:H and a-Si:O networks. Using Raman spectroscopy, we also found that the hardness of the DLN films varies with the intensity ratio ID/IG. Finally, we observed that the DLN films has a better performance compared to DLC, when it comes to properties like high hardness, high modulus of elasticity, low surface roughness and low friction coefficient. These characteristics are the critical components in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and emerging nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS).
Cells, 2021
Cells exert, sense, and respond to the different physical forces through diverse mechanisms and t... more Cells exert, sense, and respond to the different physical forces through diverse mechanisms and translating them into biochemical signals. The adhesion of cells is crucial in various developmental functions, such as to maintain tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis and activate critical signaling pathways regulating survival, migration, gene expression, and differentiation. More importantly, any mutations of adhesion receptors can lead to developmental disorders and diseases. Thus, it is essential to understand the regulation of cell adhesion during development and its contribution to various conditions with the help of quantitative methods. The techniques involved in offering different functionalities such as surface imaging to detect forces present at the cell-matrix and deliver quantitative parameters will help characterize the changes for various diseases. Here, we have briefly reviewed single-cell mechanical properties for mechanotransduction studies using standard and recently ...
Optical Manipulation of Cells
Microfluidics and Bio-MEMS