Alessandro Figus - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Alessandro Figus

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal

Socio-economic, political, cultural transformations in Kazakhstan place great demands on each per... more Socio-economic, political, cultural transformations in Kazakhstan place great demands on each person, his knowledge, personal qualities, social skills. In this sense, what we want to highlight is the fact that the role and value of the modern educational system is growing, in which human capital becomes important as it is a criterion for the level of social development, also measuring the standard of living of society. Therefore, in such conditions, the essence of the concept of educational leadership proves its effectiveness. In this regard, the relevance of the above concept is emphasized by the practical value of the accumulated experience of highly developed foreign countries in ensuring high-quality education, focused primarily on the development of leadership qualities of students / teachers / managers, the introduction of innovative ideas into educational practice. The paper is aimed at developing and modernizing curricula for professional development and teacher training in ...

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal

The pandemic crisis has coincided with a time of global economic crisis. The education system has... more The pandemic crisis has coincided with a time of global economic crisis. The education system has suffered from this double impact: the simultaneous closure of schools and universities and a significant worsening of the business and productivity system. Digitalisation in the education process started in the far past, but it has become a priority with the pandemic. The use of digital tools in the educational process ensured that the latter did not come to a complete standstill during the pandemic. Although digitalisation is seen as a possible solution to the problems facing schools, it can also be seen as a factor in widening the gap between rich and developing countries. The article proposes a reflection about education during the pandemic and the digitalisation process of schools in all its facets and at alle education level.

European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences, 2021

The economic and cultural growth and the ability of renewal are the fundamental objectives of eve... more The economic and cultural growth and the ability of renewal are the fundamental objectives of every Country and they should be also for countries in development and transition. An important contribution to the attainment of such an objective can be brought by a suitable higher education quality that aims for the development of creativity and individual initiative, as well as to the acquisition of competences that improve the professional qualification of the teaching staff. In contrast to the past, today the competitive advantage of a Country is founds more and more on the wealth of human resources and less on the value of materials, capitals and technologies. Such challenges the quality of the higher education has to answer in order to satisfy the individual cultural needs, and the needs of insertion in the world of the work. For the students, and particularly for university students, it is not only important to attain a good cultural level form both a qualitative point of view wit...

Economia Aziendale Online, 2021

Questo articolo presenta i risultati di una analisi su importanti elementi da tenere in considera... more Questo articolo presenta i risultati di una analisi su importanti elementi da tenere in considerazione nel processo di costruzione della “corporate reputation” e sulla rilevanza della “reputazione”. La metodologia impiegata per la realizzazione di questa ricerca comprende sia l’analisi di dati economico-finanziari conseguiti dal gruppo Volkswagen, sia una parte di analisi di dati ricavati dalla somministrazione di un questionario al fine di avere piu chiara la situazione su come il mondo dei consumatori sia effettivamente a conoscenza e di fatto possa essere influenzato su comportamenti scorretti e scandali aziendali. Certamente le “relazioni pubbliche” aiutano le aziende a posizionarsi e a fare crescere la propria reputazione.

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2017

This paper classifies the European Union (EU) member countries on an amenity-productivity map bas... more This paper classifies the European Union (EU) member countries on an amenity-productivity map based on environmental quality and income differentials. This classification is useful because it provide information about the relative attractiveness to consumer and producers of the total bundle of such attributes indigenous to each region environmental and other. It also assists European policy makers to formulate the best suited regional and environmental policies in the EU. Our findings suggest that notion of sustainable development is best suited for low productivity countries such as Greece, Portugal, Spain, Ireland, and Italy.

Economia Aziendale Online, 2020

Con la sua invidiabile posizione geografica, la Repubblica del Kazakistan e sia economicamente ch... more Con la sua invidiabile posizione geografica, la Repubblica del Kazakistan e sia economicamente che politicamente la nazione dominante dell'Asia centrale; e infatti il paese piu grande della regione e dispone di abbondanti risorse di capitale sia naturale che umano. Nonostante l’ex repubblica dell’Unione Sovietica abbia una popolazione che sfiora i 20 milioni di persone, tutta la pianificazione per il suo sviluppo e stata fortemente centralizzata al di fuori del paese, piuttosto che nella sua nuova capitale Astana, ora chiamata Nur Sultan. Dopo la dissoluzione dell'Unione Sovietica nel 1991 ottenne la sua indipendenza, ed oggi il paese si e impegnato a raggiungere un livello di sviluppo sociale, politico, economico e tecnologico paragonabile a quello che esiste nella maggior parte dei paesi occidentali. Per realizzare questa trasformazione la sua leadership ha disegnato una serie di scenari attentamente costruiti, la cui attuazione si e basata su ampi investimenti pubblico-pr...

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2017

This paper suggests a two-step method of non-parametric optimization, in which the problem of inc... more This paper suggests a two-step method of non-parametric optimization, in which the problem of increasing efficiency of energy companies on a set of ecologic and economic parameters is viewed as a sub-problem of increasing the overall ecologic and economic efficiency of the regional economic system. This task is based on the input-oriented Ecological Data Envelopment Analysis model with variant returns to scale. The method was tested by coordinating the ecologic priorities of one of the biggest Russian electric and heat generators “OGK-2” and the Krasnoyarsk Region.

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal, 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has made interdependence globally relevant. Communication channels provide ... more The Covid-19 pandemic has made interdependence globally relevant. Communication channels provide us with technological advances; they can make our lives easier, but they can also bring us viruses. In this session, we aim to explore the impact of Covid-19 on relationships between states and other global actors. To what extent will the pandemic affect international relations? What role will emerging actors such as large corporations, pressure groups or multilateral organizations take on? What impact will the possible reconfiguration of global relations have on Europe, but also on the world? This article aims to analyze the consequences of Covid-19 in our societies.

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal, 2021

The aim of the paper is to talk about the risk management system especially today in pandemic tim... more The aim of the paper is to talk about the risk management system especially today in pandemic time. The authors would like to analyze the issue of risk management in an economic and healthcare context. taking into account that there are strong relationships between society and health such as the question of social responsibility and organization, social responsibility and social impact and social responsibility and competitiveness. The correlation between economy and health is highlighted in the healthcare sector, where the risk profile is in fact considered complex and extremely dynamic.

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal, 2021

The article studies the Iranian political society, starting from the analysis of the Iranian Cons... more The article studies the Iranian political society, starting from the analysis of the Iranian Constitution, the only one in the world characterized by “eschatological” components. The authors retrace the history of the birth of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is fundamental to ensure an interpretation of the politics of that country that takes into account religious and cultural factors and clarifies possible future developments. Furthermore, they address the problem relative to the symbolic system on which the configuration of the Iranian Republic theoretically rests, which must necessarily come to terms with pragmatic reality. In fact, to have a following in his revolutionary project, Khomeini used the “symbolic spring”, in which the politics of Iran in these years have demonstrated the necessity of realism with a parallel with the concept of agnosticism, which thus becomes natural, in opposition to theories that are often more subjective than objective. Finally, the authors go...

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal, 2020

The author wants to talk about a new reality surrounds us, a new atmosphere, a new condition of l... more The author wants to talk about a new reality surrounds us, a new atmosphere, a new condition of life in the post-globalization era at the pandemic time of the coronavirus COVID-19. The pandemic, it is said, started from communist China with a centralized and at the same time globalized economy, but today the centre of all the global problems. This it is intended to be a first analysis where economics, politics and communication intertwine and interact with the health problem which has highlighted the weaknesses of a society which has been too busy for a long time to regulate GDP.

Contemporary Trends and Challenges in Finance, 2020

The aim of the paper is to analyze how socially responsible behaviors can be considered as risk m... more The aim of the paper is to analyze how socially responsible behaviors can be considered as risk management tools. In particular, the underlying objective is to highlight the existence of a link between CSR and risk management within the healthcare sector of the Lombardy Region (Italy). The research is divided into two sections and the approach used combines both descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis methods: in the first part will be analyzed the concept of corporate social responsibility and risk management, describing the same concepts in the healthcare sector. In the second part, in order to highlight the CSR-risk management link, the paper analyses the web sites of the 8 health protection agencies of the Lombardy Region, created following the reform of the social and health system in Lombardy (Regional Law 23/2015). In our paper we demonstrate how a double bond (a double relationship) between CSR and RM exists. The first link classifies the CSR as an RM tool. At the same time, the RM can be considered a tool to demonstrate the social responsibility of the institution (or as a tool to prove that an institution is socially responsible).

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal, 2020

In the article, the authors analyse how Covid 19 have influenced and modified the dynamics genera... more In the article, the authors analyse how Covid 19 have influenced and modified the dynamics generated by the globalization processes in the last decades, in comparison with other recent global crises. Globalization is here treated as a complex phenomenon, that led to major changes in every aspect of modern society, on a large scale and on a small one. To this purpose, an in-depth analysis of the current socio-economic scenario in both developed and developing countries is carried out, with a focus on the data regarding the sectors that were most influenced by the pandemic outbreak.

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal, 2020

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal, 2020

Today the relationship between Russia and the today EU-28 (today EU-27) members of the European U... more Today the relationship between Russia and the today EU-28 (today EU-27) members of the European Union is essential and very strategically important; this issue is bound to become more urgent as the two draws closer together over the next decades. In this paper, we discuss this and the Russian Federation’s role in the Ukraine conflict that has seriously affected EU-Russia relations. The EU and Russia have a long record of cooperation on issues of bilateral and international concern in several fields, from climate change to drug and human trafficking, but also the organized crime, terrorism, and non-proliferation. In particular, Europe, the “old traditional Europe”, acquires special weight for Russia in the context of the cooling down of relations between Russia and the United States. We will discuss gas, oil, and energy, but we can see that the solution can be only economic, and the oil and agriculture sectors could help do just that. “Business is business”.

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal, 2020

To this day, Ukraine is still experiencing difficult times both economically and politically. The... more To this day, Ukraine is still experiencing difficult times both economically and politically. The economic and political crisis at the end of 2014, which led to the dismissal of President Yanukovich, meant that the territory of Crimea and, therefore, the port of Sevastopol as well, remained under Russian control. The new elections of 2019 carried a breath of fresh air and hope also for new relationships with Russia. The paper wants to photograph this situation and analyse the recent 2019 presidential elections.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, 2018

The way in which digital technologies have transformed our everyday lives is before our eyes. Suc... more The way in which digital technologies have transformed our everyday lives is before our eyes. Such technologies now appear to be physical and cognitive prostheses that give meaning and continuity to our daily work, radically redefining the times, the spaces and the ways of our daily living. These changes pose new challenges in training leaders able to lead the socio-economic changes. This process of general increase of complexity in our society is leading to the emergence of a new socio-economic and organizational model that we are not able to understand and govern yet, opening up scenarios of profound inequalities and new risks. We are in the middle of a crossroads of opposing tensions which do not find explanations in univocal interpretations but demand a collective effort to understand the renewed role which university can have in advanced modernity. What are the great challenges of the future? How can human development be pursued in the context of the changes and uncertainties t...

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal, 2019

Nowadays, Iranian foreign policy is developing following a defensive line along three axes: nucle... more Nowadays, Iranian foreign policy is developing following a defensive line along three axes: nuclear energy, respect of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Peace in the Middle East. This paper analyzes the strategical role of Iran in reaction to the new Trump policies. There is international apprehension about the issue of nuclear weapons, a matter that reflects an alarming situation that could lead to the opening of a new war front.

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal, 2018

Empirical studies have shown that changes in levels of education explain a significant part of ch... more Empirical studies have shown that changes in levels of education explain a significant part of changes in income between countries. Many causes and phenomena can affect income. In this there is a “reverse causal link” that exists between the two sizes (countries with a higher GDP offer better educational services). Cuts to education certainly contribute to reducing the numerator of the two “cursed relations” - between deficit and GDP and between debt and GDP. Too often we forget that improving the educational and university system is an investment that in the long term can contribute to the increase of the denominator of these relationships, the GDP, making public finance more sustainable. Investing in the education system and in University is good for the economy, even for the transport sector, of course.

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal

Socio-economic, political, cultural transformations in Kazakhstan place great demands on each per... more Socio-economic, political, cultural transformations in Kazakhstan place great demands on each person, his knowledge, personal qualities, social skills. In this sense, what we want to highlight is the fact that the role and value of the modern educational system is growing, in which human capital becomes important as it is a criterion for the level of social development, also measuring the standard of living of society. Therefore, in such conditions, the essence of the concept of educational leadership proves its effectiveness. In this regard, the relevance of the above concept is emphasized by the practical value of the accumulated experience of highly developed foreign countries in ensuring high-quality education, focused primarily on the development of leadership qualities of students / teachers / managers, the introduction of innovative ideas into educational practice. The paper is aimed at developing and modernizing curricula for professional development and teacher training in ...

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal

The pandemic crisis has coincided with a time of global economic crisis. The education system has... more The pandemic crisis has coincided with a time of global economic crisis. The education system has suffered from this double impact: the simultaneous closure of schools and universities and a significant worsening of the business and productivity system. Digitalisation in the education process started in the far past, but it has become a priority with the pandemic. The use of digital tools in the educational process ensured that the latter did not come to a complete standstill during the pandemic. Although digitalisation is seen as a possible solution to the problems facing schools, it can also be seen as a factor in widening the gap between rich and developing countries. The article proposes a reflection about education during the pandemic and the digitalisation process of schools in all its facets and at alle education level.

European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences, 2021

The economic and cultural growth and the ability of renewal are the fundamental objectives of eve... more The economic and cultural growth and the ability of renewal are the fundamental objectives of every Country and they should be also for countries in development and transition. An important contribution to the attainment of such an objective can be brought by a suitable higher education quality that aims for the development of creativity and individual initiative, as well as to the acquisition of competences that improve the professional qualification of the teaching staff. In contrast to the past, today the competitive advantage of a Country is founds more and more on the wealth of human resources and less on the value of materials, capitals and technologies. Such challenges the quality of the higher education has to answer in order to satisfy the individual cultural needs, and the needs of insertion in the world of the work. For the students, and particularly for university students, it is not only important to attain a good cultural level form both a qualitative point of view wit...

Economia Aziendale Online, 2021

Questo articolo presenta i risultati di una analisi su importanti elementi da tenere in considera... more Questo articolo presenta i risultati di una analisi su importanti elementi da tenere in considerazione nel processo di costruzione della “corporate reputation” e sulla rilevanza della “reputazione”. La metodologia impiegata per la realizzazione di questa ricerca comprende sia l’analisi di dati economico-finanziari conseguiti dal gruppo Volkswagen, sia una parte di analisi di dati ricavati dalla somministrazione di un questionario al fine di avere piu chiara la situazione su come il mondo dei consumatori sia effettivamente a conoscenza e di fatto possa essere influenzato su comportamenti scorretti e scandali aziendali. Certamente le “relazioni pubbliche” aiutano le aziende a posizionarsi e a fare crescere la propria reputazione.

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2017

This paper classifies the European Union (EU) member countries on an amenity-productivity map bas... more This paper classifies the European Union (EU) member countries on an amenity-productivity map based on environmental quality and income differentials. This classification is useful because it provide information about the relative attractiveness to consumer and producers of the total bundle of such attributes indigenous to each region environmental and other. It also assists European policy makers to formulate the best suited regional and environmental policies in the EU. Our findings suggest that notion of sustainable development is best suited for low productivity countries such as Greece, Portugal, Spain, Ireland, and Italy.

Economia Aziendale Online, 2020

Con la sua invidiabile posizione geografica, la Repubblica del Kazakistan e sia economicamente ch... more Con la sua invidiabile posizione geografica, la Repubblica del Kazakistan e sia economicamente che politicamente la nazione dominante dell'Asia centrale; e infatti il paese piu grande della regione e dispone di abbondanti risorse di capitale sia naturale che umano. Nonostante l’ex repubblica dell’Unione Sovietica abbia una popolazione che sfiora i 20 milioni di persone, tutta la pianificazione per il suo sviluppo e stata fortemente centralizzata al di fuori del paese, piuttosto che nella sua nuova capitale Astana, ora chiamata Nur Sultan. Dopo la dissoluzione dell'Unione Sovietica nel 1991 ottenne la sua indipendenza, ed oggi il paese si e impegnato a raggiungere un livello di sviluppo sociale, politico, economico e tecnologico paragonabile a quello che esiste nella maggior parte dei paesi occidentali. Per realizzare questa trasformazione la sua leadership ha disegnato una serie di scenari attentamente costruiti, la cui attuazione si e basata su ampi investimenti pubblico-pr...

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2017

This paper suggests a two-step method of non-parametric optimization, in which the problem of inc... more This paper suggests a two-step method of non-parametric optimization, in which the problem of increasing efficiency of energy companies on a set of ecologic and economic parameters is viewed as a sub-problem of increasing the overall ecologic and economic efficiency of the regional economic system. This task is based on the input-oriented Ecological Data Envelopment Analysis model with variant returns to scale. The method was tested by coordinating the ecologic priorities of one of the biggest Russian electric and heat generators “OGK-2” and the Krasnoyarsk Region.

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal, 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has made interdependence globally relevant. Communication channels provide ... more The Covid-19 pandemic has made interdependence globally relevant. Communication channels provide us with technological advances; they can make our lives easier, but they can also bring us viruses. In this session, we aim to explore the impact of Covid-19 on relationships between states and other global actors. To what extent will the pandemic affect international relations? What role will emerging actors such as large corporations, pressure groups or multilateral organizations take on? What impact will the possible reconfiguration of global relations have on Europe, but also on the world? This article aims to analyze the consequences of Covid-19 in our societies.

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal, 2021

The aim of the paper is to talk about the risk management system especially today in pandemic tim... more The aim of the paper is to talk about the risk management system especially today in pandemic time. The authors would like to analyze the issue of risk management in an economic and healthcare context. taking into account that there are strong relationships between society and health such as the question of social responsibility and organization, social responsibility and social impact and social responsibility and competitiveness. The correlation between economy and health is highlighted in the healthcare sector, where the risk profile is in fact considered complex and extremely dynamic.

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal, 2021

The article studies the Iranian political society, starting from the analysis of the Iranian Cons... more The article studies the Iranian political society, starting from the analysis of the Iranian Constitution, the only one in the world characterized by “eschatological” components. The authors retrace the history of the birth of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is fundamental to ensure an interpretation of the politics of that country that takes into account religious and cultural factors and clarifies possible future developments. Furthermore, they address the problem relative to the symbolic system on which the configuration of the Iranian Republic theoretically rests, which must necessarily come to terms with pragmatic reality. In fact, to have a following in his revolutionary project, Khomeini used the “symbolic spring”, in which the politics of Iran in these years have demonstrated the necessity of realism with a parallel with the concept of agnosticism, which thus becomes natural, in opposition to theories that are often more subjective than objective. Finally, the authors go...

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal, 2020

The author wants to talk about a new reality surrounds us, a new atmosphere, a new condition of l... more The author wants to talk about a new reality surrounds us, a new atmosphere, a new condition of life in the post-globalization era at the pandemic time of the coronavirus COVID-19. The pandemic, it is said, started from communist China with a centralized and at the same time globalized economy, but today the centre of all the global problems. This it is intended to be a first analysis where economics, politics and communication intertwine and interact with the health problem which has highlighted the weaknesses of a society which has been too busy for a long time to regulate GDP.

Contemporary Trends and Challenges in Finance, 2020

The aim of the paper is to analyze how socially responsible behaviors can be considered as risk m... more The aim of the paper is to analyze how socially responsible behaviors can be considered as risk management tools. In particular, the underlying objective is to highlight the existence of a link between CSR and risk management within the healthcare sector of the Lombardy Region (Italy). The research is divided into two sections and the approach used combines both descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis methods: in the first part will be analyzed the concept of corporate social responsibility and risk management, describing the same concepts in the healthcare sector. In the second part, in order to highlight the CSR-risk management link, the paper analyses the web sites of the 8 health protection agencies of the Lombardy Region, created following the reform of the social and health system in Lombardy (Regional Law 23/2015). In our paper we demonstrate how a double bond (a double relationship) between CSR and RM exists. The first link classifies the CSR as an RM tool. At the same time, the RM can be considered a tool to demonstrate the social responsibility of the institution (or as a tool to prove that an institution is socially responsible).

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal, 2020

In the article, the authors analyse how Covid 19 have influenced and modified the dynamics genera... more In the article, the authors analyse how Covid 19 have influenced and modified the dynamics generated by the globalization processes in the last decades, in comparison with other recent global crises. Globalization is here treated as a complex phenomenon, that led to major changes in every aspect of modern society, on a large scale and on a small one. To this purpose, an in-depth analysis of the current socio-economic scenario in both developed and developing countries is carried out, with a focus on the data regarding the sectors that were most influenced by the pandemic outbreak.

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal, 2020

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal, 2020

Today the relationship between Russia and the today EU-28 (today EU-27) members of the European U... more Today the relationship between Russia and the today EU-28 (today EU-27) members of the European Union is essential and very strategically important; this issue is bound to become more urgent as the two draws closer together over the next decades. In this paper, we discuss this and the Russian Federation’s role in the Ukraine conflict that has seriously affected EU-Russia relations. The EU and Russia have a long record of cooperation on issues of bilateral and international concern in several fields, from climate change to drug and human trafficking, but also the organized crime, terrorism, and non-proliferation. In particular, Europe, the “old traditional Europe”, acquires special weight for Russia in the context of the cooling down of relations between Russia and the United States. We will discuss gas, oil, and energy, but we can see that the solution can be only economic, and the oil and agriculture sectors could help do just that. “Business is business”.

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal, 2020

To this day, Ukraine is still experiencing difficult times both economically and politically. The... more To this day, Ukraine is still experiencing difficult times both economically and politically. The economic and political crisis at the end of 2014, which led to the dismissal of President Yanukovich, meant that the territory of Crimea and, therefore, the port of Sevastopol as well, remained under Russian control. The new elections of 2019 carried a breath of fresh air and hope also for new relationships with Russia. The paper wants to photograph this situation and analyse the recent 2019 presidential elections.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, 2018

The way in which digital technologies have transformed our everyday lives is before our eyes. Suc... more The way in which digital technologies have transformed our everyday lives is before our eyes. Such technologies now appear to be physical and cognitive prostheses that give meaning and continuity to our daily work, radically redefining the times, the spaces and the ways of our daily living. These changes pose new challenges in training leaders able to lead the socio-economic changes. This process of general increase of complexity in our society is leading to the emergence of a new socio-economic and organizational model that we are not able to understand and govern yet, opening up scenarios of profound inequalities and new risks. We are in the middle of a crossroads of opposing tensions which do not find explanations in univocal interpretations but demand a collective effort to understand the renewed role which university can have in advanced modernity. What are the great challenges of the future? How can human development be pursued in the context of the changes and uncertainties t...

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal, 2019

Nowadays, Iranian foreign policy is developing following a defensive line along three axes: nucle... more Nowadays, Iranian foreign policy is developing following a defensive line along three axes: nuclear energy, respect of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Peace in the Middle East. This paper analyzes the strategical role of Iran in reaction to the new Trump policies. There is international apprehension about the issue of nuclear weapons, a matter that reflects an alarming situation that could lead to the opening of a new war front.

Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal, 2018

Empirical studies have shown that changes in levels of education explain a significant part of ch... more Empirical studies have shown that changes in levels of education explain a significant part of changes in income between countries. Many causes and phenomena can affect income. In this there is a “reverse causal link” that exists between the two sizes (countries with a higher GDP offer better educational services). Cuts to education certainly contribute to reducing the numerator of the two “cursed relations” - between deficit and GDP and between debt and GDP. Too often we forget that improving the educational and university system is an investment that in the long term can contribute to the increase of the denominator of these relationships, the GDP, making public finance more sustainable. Investing in the education system and in University is good for the economy, even for the transport sector, of course.