Amina Mohamed - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Amina Mohamed

Microorganisms, Sep 18, 2023

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Bulinus truncatus snail is one of the most medically important snails. The goal of this study was... more Bulinus truncatus snail is one of the most medically important snails. The goal of this study was to evaluate the molluscicidal effect of saponin on these snails and study how it affects their biological functions. The present results showed that saponin had a molluscicidal activity against adult B. truncatus snails after 24h and 72h with LC50 (57.5 and 27.1 ppm, respectively) and had ovicidal acivity on the snails’ embryos. By studying the effect of the sublethal concentrations (LC10 48.63 ppm or LC25 52.83 ppm) exposure on B. truncatus snails, they resulted in significant decreases in the survivorship, egg-laying, and the reproductive rate compared to untreated snails. Both concentrations caused morphological changes to the snails’ hemocytes, where, after the exposure, granulocytes and hyalinocytes had irregular outer cell membrane and some cell formed pseudopodia. Granulocytes had large number of granules, vacuoles, while hyalinocytes’ nucleus was shrunken. Also, these concentrat...

Acta Parasitologica, Feb 1, 2024

Plants

The potential of plant-based natural compounds in the creation of new molluscicidal and antimicro... more The potential of plant-based natural compounds in the creation of new molluscicidal and antimicrobial medications has gained attention in recent years. The current study compared the metabolic profiles, antibacterial, and molluscicidal properties of the medicinal plants Calotropis procera (C. procera) and Atriplex halimus (A. halimus). In both plants, 118 metabolites were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Palmitic acid, stigmasterol, and campesterol were the most prevalent constituents. C. procera extract showed stronger antibacterial activity than A. halimus against Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Both extracts exhibited molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria alexandrina, with LC50 values of C. procera (135 mg/L) and A. halimus (223.8 mg/L). Survival rates of snails exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (LC25) of C. procera and A. halimus extracts were 5% and 20%, respectively. The hatchability of snail eggs exposed to both extracts has been dramati...

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2010

The main problem in schistosomal hepatic morbidity is fibrosis and extensive scarring induced by ... more The main problem in schistosomal hepatic morbidity is fibrosis and extensive scarring induced by living eggs. In this study, we tried to study the effect of treatment using antihelminthic drug (PZQ) and/or antifibrotic drugs (PTX and silymarin) in combination with immunization. The parasitological parameters, the dynamics of serum-specific immunoglobulins and splenic cytokines associated with changes in granuloma diameter were assessed. Naïve mice were immunized intravenously with 10 ug of SEA in three doses at 2 days intervals 6 weeks before infection. Animals were infected by tail immersion with 100 cercariae and divided into several groups. Three groups were treated with PZQ, PTX or silymarin administered alone. Another two groups were treated with PZQ combined with PTX or silymarin. All treated animals and respective controls were sacrificed 12 weeks post infection. Immunization did not affect worm reduction , but slight decrease in granuloma diameter, increase in immunoglobulins and cytokines was observed. Reduction in worm burden was associated with reduction in ova count and changes in oogram pattern which were mainly due to PZQ treatment. Increasing reduction in granuloma diameter, elevation of immunogloulins and cytokines levels were observed in the groups treated with PZQ alone or cmbined with PTX or silymarin. In conclusion, in this study, treatment with PZQ complemented with immunization resulted in significant reduction of parasitological parameters and rise of specific Igs. Addition of antifibrotic drugs PTX or silymarin to PZQ, potentiated an antipathology effect which minimized and ameliorated liver fibrosis by inhibition of HSC activation and accentuation of the effect of suppressor Treg cells.

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology

Fasciolosis is one of the neglected tropical diseases that negatively affect the farming industry... more Fasciolosis is one of the neglected tropical diseases that negatively affect the farming industry and public health. The present study aimed to evaluate a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for detection of infection with Fasciola sp. in field-collected Lymnaea natalensis snails from two rural localities in Egypt; and to compare between it and the ordinary microscopic methods. A total of 1000 lymnaeid snails were collected, and then the samples were examined for the infection by crushing, cercarial shedding and molecular methods. The average sensitivity of microscopic methods compared to PCR was 56.15% and this gives the indication that the molecular techniques were highly sensitive, specific and reliable methods for detecting Fasciola sp. The study detected two genes; nuclear ribosomal central internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1856bp) and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (CO1 831bp). Gel electrophoresis showed strong bands for these single snails' samples and confirmed the presence of infection in both localities. Molecular techniques gave sensitive, accurate identification of infection, established prevalence in endemic areas and planning time for proper control strategy.

International Immunopharmacology

Metal pollution results in many dangerous consequences to the environment and human health due to... more Metal pollution results in many dangerous consequences to the environment and human health due to the bioaccumulation in their tissues. The present study aims to measure the bioaccumulation factor of the Manganese (Mn) heavy metal in Biomphlaria alexandrina snails' tissues and water samples. The present results showed the concentration of Mn heavy metal in water (87.5 mg/l) and its bioaccumulation factor in Helisoma duryi tissue was higher than that in tissues of Physa acuta and B. alexandrina snails. Results showed that 87.5 mg/l Mn concentration had miracidial and cercaricidal activities. Also, this concentration decreased the mean total number of the hemocytes after exposure for 24h or 48h, while increased both the mean mortality and phagocytic indices of the hemocytes of exposed snails. It caused alterations in the cytomorphology of the hemocytes of exposed snails after 24 or 48h, where, the granulocytes had irregular cell membrane, and forming pseudopodia. Besides, both lev...

Bioscience Reports

Eremina desertorum snail mucin antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were investigated agains... more Eremina desertorum snail mucin antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were investigated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intestinal inflammation and testes damage. Male albino mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 ml/kg b.wt of 40% CCl4, twice a week for 8 weeks. The treated groups were treated orally with mucin (after 8 weeks of CCl4 intoxication, twice a week for 4 weeks). CCl4 caused significant increases in C-reactive protein, lipid peroxidation, interleukin-2 levels and caspase-3, while decreasing the total proteins levels, activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase contents, testosterone and 17β estradiol levels compared with the control mice. The improvements of these parameters occurred after treatment with E. desertorum mucin, where all the biochemical measurements tended to restore to the normal values. Histopathologically, CCl4 caused ulceration in the columnar mucin secreting cells that lined the ileal mucosa, partial loss of go...

journal of applied pharmaceutical science, May 5, 2022

Mollusks represent the second-largest animal phylum in the marine realm. They have direct and ind... more Mollusks represent the second-largest animal phylum in the marine realm. They have direct and indirect commercial and medical importance worldwide. Paratapes undulatus is a species of saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusk in the family Veneridae. The current study aimed to examine the chemical profile of the methanolic extract of P. undulatus soft parts using Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis and then assessing its antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant activities. GC-MS investigations led to the identification of major components including 7-hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z) (32.01%), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (14.03%), 9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (8.43%), palmitoleic acid (5.75%), 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid, methyl ester (5.25%), tridecanoic acid, 4,8,12-trimethyl-, methyl ester (3.44%), tetradecanoic acid, methyl ester (3.34%), and cis-9-hexadecenoic acid (3.23%). Moreover, the results revealed that the extract showed remarkable antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant activities. In conclusion, the present results might be helpful for pharmaceutical companies to develop natural supplements from these clams.

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, Mar 31, 2022

Background: Land snails, especially the chocolate banded snails, Eobania vermiculata (Muller 1774... more Background: Land snails, especially the chocolate banded snails, Eobania vermiculata (Muller 1774) are destructive pests of a wide range of field and vegetable crops, and biological treatment appears to be better alternative to the chemical snail control. Therefore, the goal of this work was to assess the molluscicidal activity of chitosan extracted from the crawfish Procambarus clarkii against E. vermiculata using oxidative stress, histopathological and genotoxic biomarkers. Results: Exposure of snails to LC 50 (222.4 mg/l) chitosan for 1, 3 and 7 days induced a significant increase in glutathione S-transferase and catalase levels then decline in reduced glutathione content after 1 and 3 days as well as a slight decrease in CAT levels, GSH content and GST of the treated snails after 7 days exposure. Histologically, the stress induced by chitosan exposure leads to deformation of cells, dilatation of the intertubular spaces, and destruction of tubules with increase in lumen size, necrosis of digestive cells with rise in vacuoles number and increase in calcium cells number. Considerably, a great damage was observed with increasing time of exposure. Furthermore, genotoxicity was assessed using RAPD-PCR technique and the results revealed that change in RAPD profiles of E. vermiculata following chitosan treatment included loss of normal DNA bands and appearance of new one compared to control snails. The genomic template stability was 63.6, 36.4 and 18.2% 1, 3 and 7 days of exposure, respectively. The apparent of new bands increased as time of exposure decreased, while GTS values decreased confirming the effect of chitosaninduced DNA damage. Conclusion: Chitosan may be an ecofriendly acceptable alternative pesticide for snail control.

Abstract:The main problem in schistosomal hepatic morbidity is fibrosis and extensive scarring in... more Abstract:The main problem in schistosomal hepatic morbidity is fibrosis and extensive scarring induced by living eggs. In this study, we tried to study the effect of treatment using antihelminthic drug (PZQ) and/or antifibrotic drugs (PTX and silymarin) in combination with immunization. The parasitological parameters, the dynamics of serum-specific immunoglobulins and splenic cytokines associated with changes in granuloma diameter were assessed. Naïve mice were immunized intravenously with 10 ug of SEA in three doses at 2 days intervals 6 weeks before infection. Animals were infected by tail immersion with 100 cercariae and divided into several groups. Three groups were treated with PZQ, PTX or silymarin administered alone. Another two groups were treated with PZQ combined with PTX or silymarin. All treated animals and respective controls were sacrificed 12 weeks post infection. Immunization did not affect worm reduction, but slight decrease in granuloma diameter, increase in immuno...

Schistosomiasis remains a public health problem in the developing world. Biomplaraia alexandrina ... more Schistosomiasis remains a public health problem in the developing world. Biomplaraia alexandrina snails are the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni with wide spread distribution allover Egypt. Controlling of these snails by molluscicides is still one of the most promising means in the battle against this parasitic disease. In the present study, results indicated that the three herbicides (Amex 48%EC, Herphosate 48%SL and Stomp 50%EC) have molluscicidal effects on these snails and showed that stomp 50%EC is the most toxic herbicide than the other two. The three herbicides had a fast toxic effect against miracidia and cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni after 3 hrs of the exposure. Moreover, these agents recorded adverse impact on hatchability, survival and growth rates as well as egg laying capacity of the exposed B. alexandrina snails. Such effects were supported by the assessment of some biochemical, hematological parameters and also histological examinations for both the digesti...

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018

Several formulated mixtures of pesticides are widely used in modern agriculture. Nevertheless, th... more Several formulated mixtures of pesticides are widely used in modern agriculture. Nevertheless, the agriculture runoff causes a serious damage to the aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, the present study aims to use B. alexandrina snails as bioindicators for 30 g/l lambda-cyhalothrin and 17 g/l acetamiprid as a formulated mixture insecticide. Results showed that it has a molluscicidal activity against snails at LC 50 7.9 mg/l. The hatchability percent of both treated 1-day-aged and/or 3-day-aged groups were less than that of the control group. The sublethal concentrations of the tested insecticide caused a remarkable abnormal necrosis in male and female gametogenic cells, besides a severe damage in both secretory and digestive cells. The results of SDS-PAGE protein profiles of treated snails showed that the least number of protein bands was noticed in snail groups that subjected to LC 10 (6.6 mg/ l) and LC 25 (7.2 mg/l) concentrations when compared to control protein fractions.

$Research paper thumbnail of Preliminary phytochemical and elemental analysis of aqueous and fractionated pod extracts of Acacia nilotica (Thorn mimosa)$

Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal, 2014

Acacia nilotica (Thorn mimosa) is used locally for various medicinal purposes by traditionalists ... more Acacia nilotica (Thorn mimosa) is used locally for various medicinal purposes by traditionalists and herbalists in northeastern Nigeria. Plants products have been used since ancient times in the management of various conditions. The bark of A. nilotica has been reported to be used traditionally to manage diabetes, dysentery, leprosy, ulcers, cancers, tumor of the eye, ear and testicles, induration of liver and spleen and also in treatment of various condylomas. The objective of this study is to determine the phytochemical and elemental constituents of the extracts of A. nilotica pods. Flame emission and atomic absorption spectrometry were also used to determine the presence or absence of micro- and macro-elements in the extracts. Phytochemical analysis of the aqueous, ethyl acetate and N-butanol fractionated portions of the pod extracts of A. nilotica revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, carbohydrate, whereas carbohydrates and tannins were the only constituent in ...

Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries

A snail is a member of the molluscan gastropods that has a cosmopolitan distribution, inhabiting ... more A snail is a member of the molluscan gastropods that has a cosmopolitan distribution, inhabiting marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats. The present review highlights the importance of the snails as they have medical and veterinary applications, besides being considered as excellent indicators of ecosystem health like Biomphalaria sp., and Lymnaea stagnalis freshwater snails. Also, snails have been proved to be excellent models in neurophysiology, especially on learning and memory formation like Aplysia californica marine snail and Lymnaea stagnalis freshwater snails. Marine snails produce antimicrobial secondary metabolites that exhibit anticancer, antibiotic, antiviral, neurotoxic, or anti-inflammatory properties. These materials can be obtained from the extracts of Babylonia spirata, Buccinulum corneum, Buccinum undatum, Littorina littorea "called littorerin", Haliotis laevigata or H. rubra, Murex pectin, Tegula gallina, conotoxins released from Conus magus, and hemocyanins of Rapana venosa snails. Freshwater snails have many bioactive compounds that have antimicrobial activity. These materials like, the extracted proteins from Bellamya dissimilis, Bithynia pulchella, Melanoides tuberculata, and Pila sp, mucus extracted from Pomacea canaliculata and Faunus ater; or the hemolymph of Pomacea insularium snail. Terrestrial snails can be used in the traditional medicine as they have pharmacologically active compounds, like mucus from Helix sp., Achatina achatina, Achatina fulica, and Eremina desertorum snails, or proteins extracted from Cryptozona bistrialis snails. Conclusively, snails have a lot of biomedical, nutritional and economic importance.

Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2021

Abstract The green synthesis method is one of the most economic and ecofriendly approach for prep... more Abstract The green synthesis method is one of the most economic and ecofriendly approach for preparation of metal oxide nanoparticles. In the current study, Moringa oleifera seed was used for synthesis of Ce2O3/M. oleifera (Ce2O3/MNCs) nano-composite. The bio-composite was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM and HR-TEM. The FTIR analysis confirmed the phytochemical involvement in bio-composite. Its crystalline and size was well demonstrated through X-ray Diffraction and HR-TEM. The TEM images revealed these particles in circle shape with average size of 30 nm. The present investigation showed that Ce2O3/MNCs was toxic to B. alexandrina snails with LC50 of 314.5 mg/L. The survival and the reproductive rates of the snails were significantly reduced after exposing to ¼ and ½ of LC50 of Ce2O3/MNCs. The present study showed that Ce2O3/MNCs has significant ovicidal and larvicidal activities. Also, the exposure to ½ of LC50 of Ce2O3/MNCs showed alterations in the tegmental architectures of the head-foot region, in addition it caused significant damages in both of the hermaphrodite and digestive glands of B. alexandrina. Conclusively, Ce2O3/MNCs nano-composite could be utilized as a new molluscicidal agent for the snails of schistosomiasis.

Acta Tropica, 2022

Schistosomiasis is a severe illness that caused socioeconomic problems. The present study aimed t... more Schistosomiasis is a severe illness that caused socioeconomic problems. The present study aimed to investigate the molluscicidal activities of the methanolic extract of Nerium oleander and Tecoma stans on B. alexandrina snails. The present results showed that N. oleander had the higher molluscicidal effect (LC50: 138.6 mg/l) than T. stans methanolic extract (LC50: 256.0 mg/l). These concentrations had no mortality effects on Daphnia magna during the first 12 h of the exposure, while, they had a cercaricidal activity. Exposure of B. alexandrina snails to the sub lethal concentrations (LC10 and LC25) of the methanolic extract of either N. oleander or T. stans caused a concentration- dependent significant decrease in their mean total number of hemocyte and hyalinocytes percent, while, both the round small and the granulocytes were increased than the control group. Exposure of B. alexandrina snails to LC25 of the methanolic extract of N. oleander or T. stans, caused morphological alterations in the hemocytes that were studied by both light and electron microscopy. The sub lethal concentration (LC25) significantly decreased the acetyl cholinesterase activities, acid and alkaline phosphatase levels and the protein content. Histopathological changes occurred in the digestive and the hermaphrodite glands of exposed B. alexandrina snails to LC25 of the methanolic extracts. These alterations were confirmed by Immunohistochemistry for PCNA and Cyclin D1 expressions. Conclusively, these plants could be used to decrease the spread of schistosomiasis as they are cheap and environmentally safe to replace the synthetic molluscicides for snail control.

Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 2020