Antonio Salatino - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Antonio Salatino
<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Origin and Chemical Variation of Brazil... more <b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Origin and Chemical Variation of Brazilian Propolis"Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2005;2(1):33-38.Published online 09 Feb 2005PMCID:PMC1062153.© The Author (2005). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. () Isocupressic acid, a labdane diterpenoid; (B) 13C-symphyoreticulic acid, a clerodane diterpenoid; (C) esters of long chain fatty acids (3-hydroxystearic acid = 11, procrim a; 3-hydroxystearic acid = 13, procrim b) and a pentacyclic triterpenoid (lupeol); (D) Farnesol a sesquiterpenoid, see text for references.
Brazilian Journal of Botany, 2021
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2021
Abstract Flavonoids were isolated by PVPP column chromatography of leaf extracts of Croton florib... more Abstract Flavonoids were isolated by PVPP column chromatography of leaf extracts of Croton floribundus Spreng and C. urucurana Baill. and identified by NMR and co-chromatography with standards. The two species revealed highly distinct flavonoid profiles. C. urucurana, belonging to the phylogenetically basal section Cyclostigma, yielded the flavone C-glycosides vitexin and orientin, quercetin and the O-glycosides quercetin 7-O-rhamnoside, rhamnitrin and rutin, in addition to tiliroside. Instead, C. floribundus, from the more derived section Lasiogyne, yielded no C-glycosides, but a high diversity of classes of flavonols, including kaempferol, three flavonol O-methyl ethers, isoquercitrin, three tri-O-galactosides, in addition to tiliroside and an isorhamnetin-coumaroyl-O-glycoside. The present work is the first report for Croton of two rhamnosides (isolated from C. urucurana). It is also the first report for Euphorbiaceae of two tri-O-glycosides obtained from C. floribundus. The distribution of flavonoids in the two species as determined by HPLC-DAD of extracts of small leaf samples of herbarium specimens is highly similar with the profiles resulting from isolation of compounds from bulky leaf samples. Differences among specimens of the same species were restricted to relative proportions of individual constituents. The results indicate that flavonoid profiles are effective to characterize and distinguish the two species. The present results, combined with literature data, supports the condition of tiliroside as a marker of Croton and the hypothesis of an evolutionary trend in the genus toward the loss of C-glycosides and a progressive complexity of flavonoid profiles.
The Natural Products Journal, 2021
Background : The use of red propolis has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity r... more Background : The use of red propolis has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity results, and provides local conditions that optimize events involved in the healing process, accelerating tissue repair. Objective: To evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, cytotoxic effects, and healing potential of Red Propolis Hydroethanolic Extract (RPHE) on the surgical wounds of cats submitted ovarisalpingohisterectomy. Methods: Chemical analyses of RPHE were carried out using HPLC-DADESI-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazyl) method, and cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT colorimetric method. The healing effect of the extract was evaluated in 60 domestic cats (Felis catus) divided into three groups: GI: treated with topical application RPHE; GII: received topical application of commercial rifamycin-based solution, and GIII: treated with topical application of 0.9% NaCl physiological solution. Surgical wounds...
World Journal of Chemical Education, 2017
An inexpensive TLC method is proposed for quantification of caffeine in food and beverage commerc... more An inexpensive TLC method is proposed for quantification of caffeine in food and beverage commercial products. The extraction is carried out with dichloromethane and the residue is analyzed by thin layer chromatography. The chromatograms are sprayed with a reagent containing iodine for visualization and the area of the spots is determined by freely available software. A good correlation was observed between contents of caffeine and TLC spot areas. Quantification of caffeine was carried out for a medicine tablet, coffee and guarana powders, a kola soft drink and a yerba mate beverage. Values close to the contents expected or within the admitted ranges were obtained. The method may be inadequate if high precision is essential, but it might be useful if values approximate to the real caffeine contents are satisfactory. Since the method requires no costly equipment, it seems to be feasible for chemistry teaching at several academic levels.
Annals of Botany, 1990
... Ecology 68, 98-107. SALATINO, A., MONTEIRO, WR and BOMTEMPI, N., 1988. ... An experimented st... more ... Ecology 68, 98-107. SALATINO, A., MONTEIRO, WR and BOMTEMPI, N., 1988. ... An experimented study of palatability. Agricultural Progress 25, 94-101. WARING, RH, MCDONALD, AJS, LARSSON, SET, WIREN, A., ARWIDSSON, A., ERICSSON, A. and LOHAMMAR, T., 1985. ...
Brazilian Journal of Botany, 2017
Propolis is a complex mixture of beeswax, resinous and volatile substances produced by honeybees ... more Propolis is a complex mixture of beeswax, resinous and volatile substances produced by honeybees with material collected from plant exudates. The essential oil obtained from a propolis samples from southern Brazil was extracted by hydro-distillation. The yield of oil is high (8.5%), and its major constituents are the monoterpenes apinene (86%), b-pinene (12%) and camphene (1%). At 1% concentration, the oil inhibited the germination of lettuce seeds. At 0.25%, the growth speed index and the growth of the hypocotyl-radicle axis reduced substantially. The oil at 0.5% inhibited the elongation of procambial cells and shifted the elongation of the ground meristem cells axially to radially. Hence, the elongation zone assumed a stratified arrangement. In radicles from seeds treated with oil at 1%, a radially directed cell elongation took place in the root cap, protoderm and procambium, preventing the root to protrude. Intercellular spaces appeared between layers of cells of the ground meristem. The anatomical changes observed might be an effect of monoterpenes, either promoting the production of ethylene or affecting the sensitivity of meristem cells to this regulator.
Journal of Apicultural Research, 2000
Planta Medica, 2015
Propolis is a resinous substance produced by bees Apis mellifera, containing mainly plant exudate... more Propolis is a resinous substance produced by bees Apis mellifera, containing mainly plant exudates and bee waxes. Propolis is important to the bees, as it is responsible for the maintenance of the hive as a sterile environment, acting against bacteria, fungus and even invading larvae. It has been extensively used in alternative medicine. However, few studies have been developed concerning the use of propolis to animal health. Thus, new strategies are of great importance for tick control. Hence, the aim of this project was to determine the activity of crude extracts of Brazilian propolis and their constituents for the control of specific and generalist ticks. Chloroform extracts were prepared from samples of green propolis from Lavras (state of Minas Gerais) and black propolis from Picos (state of Piaui), previously analyzed chemically. The bioassays were carried out in vitro to verify the effectiveness of the extracts using the larval package test. Bioassays-guided isolations were carried out to obtain active constituents presented in the studied samples. The crude extract of the propolis sample from Picos did not show any acaricide activity. On the other hand, the sample of propolis from Lavras showed high activity, and was fractionated by column chromatography in silica gel. A subfraction with acaricide activity was obtained and analyses by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were developed. The majority compounds were isolated using preparative HPLC and identified by means of current spectroscopic analysis in chemistry of natural products (IR, UV, mass and NMR) (2,2-dimethyl-cromene-6-propenoic-dicafeoyl glucoside acid, artepillin-C, baccarin and 2,2-dimethyl-cromene-8-prenyl-6-propenoic acid). Finally, new bioassays were carried out, but no effect was observed testing the isolated compounds. Thus, probably the high acaricidal activity observed in the active subfraction was due to a synergism among the subfraction constituents.
Plants and BioEnergy, 2013
The awareness of the depletion and contamination derived from fossil fuels and the resultant envi... more The awareness of the depletion and contamination derived from fossil fuels and the resultant environmental crisis has led to the recognition of the necessity of research and development aiming the production of biofuels. An escalation of oil prices has been the outcome of political instabilities in areas of the world which traditionally have been massive petroleum providers, allied to oil deficits and economic crises. The present paper discusses the potentialities of palm species native to Brazil as feedstock of biodiesel.
Brazilian Journal of Botany, 2013
Journal of Apicultural Research, 2015
The detection of marker compounds is a necessary step for chemical characterization and standardi... more The detection of marker compounds is a necessary step for chemical characterization and standardization of propolis. A thin-layer chromatography procedure is described for the detection of allyl 3-prenylcinnamate, a volatile marker of Brazilian green propolis. The powdered sample is heated inside a petri dish and the material condensed on the dish cap is chromatographed on silica gel plates. The visualization may be done by spraying the plates with a solution of sodium fluorescein or a solution of sulphuric acid vanillin reagent.
Journal of Apicultural Research, 2020
Propolis is a honey bee product containing resin derived from plants. It has been shown that prop... more Propolis is a honey bee product containing resin derived from plants. It has been shown that propolis protects beehives against infections and enhances their immunity. The honey bee favorite source of resin for propolis production in southeast Brazil is Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae), a species not adapted to grow inside forests. Colonies of Africanized honey bees were placed in a clearing inside the Atlantic Forest in Ubatuba (São Paulo state, Brazil), aiming to obtain a distinct type of propolis, containing resin derived from local plants. It was expected that the chemical composition of the propolis could afford means to suggest likely plant sources of resin. Propolis was eventually obtained, from which a volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by GC-EI-MS. Thirty-one constituents were characterized, among them some typical constituents of Baccharis dracunculifolia, which, however, appeared as minor constituents. The most abundant components of the oil were benzyl benzoate (45.3%) and benzyl salicylate (10.04%). Both volatile esters have been detected in volatile oils from species of Peperomia and Piper. The essential oil of Peperomia tetraphylla, an epiphytic herb inhabiting the Atlantic Forest, contains benzyl benzoate and benzyl salicylate in proportions close to the oil of the propolis obtained. Both phytogeography and chemical composition are consistent with Piper or Peperomia species as the resin source of the propolis analyzed. This is the first report pointing out species of Piperaceae as likely origin of propolis.
Molecules
Propolis has gained wide popularity over the last decades in several parts of the world. In paral... more Propolis has gained wide popularity over the last decades in several parts of the world. In parallel, the literature about propolis composition and biological properties increased markedly. A great number of papers have demonstrated that propolis from different parts of the world is composed mainly of phenolic substances, frequently flavonoids, derived from plant resins. Propolis has a relevant role in increasing the social immunity of bee hives. Experimental evidence indicates that propolis and its components have activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Mechanisms of action on bacteria, fungi, and viruses are known for several propolis components. Experiments have shown that propolis may act synergistically with antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirus drugs, permitting the administration of lower doses of drugs and higher antimicrobial effects. The current trend of growing resistance of microbial pathogens to the available drugs has encouraged the introduction of propolis in...
Molecules
Propolis has gained wide popularity over the last decades in several parts of the world. In paral... more Propolis has gained wide popularity over the last decades in several parts of the world. In parallel, the literature about propolis composition and biological properties increased markedly. A great number of papers have demonstrated that propolis from different parts of the world is composed mainly of phenolic substances, frequently flavonoids, derived from plant resins. Propolis has a relevant role in increasing the social immunity of bee hives. Experimental evidence indicates that propolis and its components have activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Mechanisms of action on bacteria, fungi, and viruses are known for several propolis components. Experiments have shown that propolis may act synergistically with antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirus drugs, permitting the administration of lower doses of drugs and higher antimicrobial effects. The current trend of growing resistance of microbial pathogens to the available drugs has encouraged the introduction of propolis in...
As formações ecológicas abertas, também chamadas de formações não-florestais, são dotadas de elev... more As formações ecológicas abertas, também chamadas de formações não-florestais, são dotadas de elevada biodiversidade e, apesar de possuírem elevado potencial para utilizações econômicas sustentáveis, estão negligenciadas nas políticas públicas de conservação e preservação no Brasil. Objetivando fomentar uma percepção holística do atual cenário da formação campestre no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), em especial aos campos do Pampa, nós revisitamos a legislação estadual, buscamos dados de mudança do uso da terra em áreas originalmente campestres e consultamos bases de dados eletrônicas dos municípios deste bioma, a fim de averiguar como a esfera municipal está lidando com a conversão urbana da vegetação campestre. A partir disso, sugerimos um novo olhar para os campos, o qual denominamos de Consciência Campestre. Esta tomada de consciência, embasada em questões históricas, políticas, econômicas, culturais e ecológicas advém da necessidade imediata de reconhecimento às formações camp...
<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Plant Origin of Green Propolis: Bee Beh... more <b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Plant Origin of Green Propolis: Bee Behavior, Plant Anatomy and Chemistry"Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2005;2(1):85-92.Published online 06 Jan 2005PMCID:PMC1062148.© The Author (2005). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. () 2-hydroxy-7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene. () 1-Hydroxy-2-(1-methoxyethyl)-3-methoxyanthraquinone; () Dehydrocostus lactone. () Isomaturnin. () 1,4aβ-dimethyl-7-isopropyl-2,3,4,4a,9,10-hexahydrophenanthrene. () 1,7,7-Trimethyl-3-phenyl-2-oxabixyclo-(4.4.0)-deca-3,5-diene. () 4,8-Dimethyl-5-hydrindacene.
So far, papers about propolis refer to honey bees (Apis mellifera). Propolis is a hive product co... more So far, papers about propolis refer to honey bees (Apis mellifera). Propolis is a hive product composed of plant resin, beeswax, pollen, and other minor constituents. Not much has been done about propolis from species of stingless bees. These insects belong to the family Apidae (same as Apis), subfamily Apinae, and tribe Meliponini. Most meliponines do not produce honey, although the Brazilian Melipona scutellaris (“uruçu”) produce honey available commercially. On the other hand, many stingless bees from Tropical America and Australia produce propolis. The composition of the resin of this propolis has been reviewed.1,2 In general, propolis from Apis and meliponine contains phenolic compounds as main constituents. In some cases, both bee groups share the same plant source and the composition of their propolis is almost identical.3 Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, among many other biological properties, have been reported for propolis of stingless bees.2
Propolis is a honey bee product commercialized internationally as a complementary and functional ... more Propolis is a honey bee product commercialized internationally as a complementary and functional food, although it is also used widely in traditional and popular medicine. A wide diversity of industrial products containing propolis is available in several countries, including tinctures, sprays, candies, ointments, creams and toothpastes. Propolis contains chiefly beeswax and resin, which is collected by laborer bees from plant buds or exudates. Major countries regarding propolis production are Russia, China and Brazil. In the latter country, propolis is produced by colonies of Africanized Apis mellifera (family Apidae, subfamily Apinae). All propolis produced in Brazil derives from resin collected by bees from plants growing in the wild. Two plant species stand out as propolis resin sources: Baccharis dracunculifolia (the source of Brazilian green propolis)1 and Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (source of red propolis).2
<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Origin and Chemical Variation of Brazil... more <b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Origin and Chemical Variation of Brazilian Propolis"Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2005;2(1):33-38.Published online 09 Feb 2005PMCID:PMC1062153.© The Author (2005). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. () Isocupressic acid, a labdane diterpenoid; (B) 13C-symphyoreticulic acid, a clerodane diterpenoid; (C) esters of long chain fatty acids (3-hydroxystearic acid = 11, procrim a; 3-hydroxystearic acid = 13, procrim b) and a pentacyclic triterpenoid (lupeol); (D) Farnesol a sesquiterpenoid, see text for references.
Brazilian Journal of Botany, 2021
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2021
Abstract Flavonoids were isolated by PVPP column chromatography of leaf extracts of Croton florib... more Abstract Flavonoids were isolated by PVPP column chromatography of leaf extracts of Croton floribundus Spreng and C. urucurana Baill. and identified by NMR and co-chromatography with standards. The two species revealed highly distinct flavonoid profiles. C. urucurana, belonging to the phylogenetically basal section Cyclostigma, yielded the flavone C-glycosides vitexin and orientin, quercetin and the O-glycosides quercetin 7-O-rhamnoside, rhamnitrin and rutin, in addition to tiliroside. Instead, C. floribundus, from the more derived section Lasiogyne, yielded no C-glycosides, but a high diversity of classes of flavonols, including kaempferol, three flavonol O-methyl ethers, isoquercitrin, three tri-O-galactosides, in addition to tiliroside and an isorhamnetin-coumaroyl-O-glycoside. The present work is the first report for Croton of two rhamnosides (isolated from C. urucurana). It is also the first report for Euphorbiaceae of two tri-O-glycosides obtained from C. floribundus. The distribution of flavonoids in the two species as determined by HPLC-DAD of extracts of small leaf samples of herbarium specimens is highly similar with the profiles resulting from isolation of compounds from bulky leaf samples. Differences among specimens of the same species were restricted to relative proportions of individual constituents. The results indicate that flavonoid profiles are effective to characterize and distinguish the two species. The present results, combined with literature data, supports the condition of tiliroside as a marker of Croton and the hypothesis of an evolutionary trend in the genus toward the loss of C-glycosides and a progressive complexity of flavonoid profiles.
The Natural Products Journal, 2021
Background : The use of red propolis has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity r... more Background : The use of red propolis has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity results, and provides local conditions that optimize events involved in the healing process, accelerating tissue repair. Objective: To evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, cytotoxic effects, and healing potential of Red Propolis Hydroethanolic Extract (RPHE) on the surgical wounds of cats submitted ovarisalpingohisterectomy. Methods: Chemical analyses of RPHE were carried out using HPLC-DADESI-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazyl) method, and cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT colorimetric method. The healing effect of the extract was evaluated in 60 domestic cats (Felis catus) divided into three groups: GI: treated with topical application RPHE; GII: received topical application of commercial rifamycin-based solution, and GIII: treated with topical application of 0.9% NaCl physiological solution. Surgical wounds...
World Journal of Chemical Education, 2017
An inexpensive TLC method is proposed for quantification of caffeine in food and beverage commerc... more An inexpensive TLC method is proposed for quantification of caffeine in food and beverage commercial products. The extraction is carried out with dichloromethane and the residue is analyzed by thin layer chromatography. The chromatograms are sprayed with a reagent containing iodine for visualization and the area of the spots is determined by freely available software. A good correlation was observed between contents of caffeine and TLC spot areas. Quantification of caffeine was carried out for a medicine tablet, coffee and guarana powders, a kola soft drink and a yerba mate beverage. Values close to the contents expected or within the admitted ranges were obtained. The method may be inadequate if high precision is essential, but it might be useful if values approximate to the real caffeine contents are satisfactory. Since the method requires no costly equipment, it seems to be feasible for chemistry teaching at several academic levels.
Annals of Botany, 1990
... Ecology 68, 98-107. SALATINO, A., MONTEIRO, WR and BOMTEMPI, N., 1988. ... An experimented st... more ... Ecology 68, 98-107. SALATINO, A., MONTEIRO, WR and BOMTEMPI, N., 1988. ... An experimented study of palatability. Agricultural Progress 25, 94-101. WARING, RH, MCDONALD, AJS, LARSSON, SET, WIREN, A., ARWIDSSON, A., ERICSSON, A. and LOHAMMAR, T., 1985. ...
Brazilian Journal of Botany, 2017
Propolis is a complex mixture of beeswax, resinous and volatile substances produced by honeybees ... more Propolis is a complex mixture of beeswax, resinous and volatile substances produced by honeybees with material collected from plant exudates. The essential oil obtained from a propolis samples from southern Brazil was extracted by hydro-distillation. The yield of oil is high (8.5%), and its major constituents are the monoterpenes apinene (86%), b-pinene (12%) and camphene (1%). At 1% concentration, the oil inhibited the germination of lettuce seeds. At 0.25%, the growth speed index and the growth of the hypocotyl-radicle axis reduced substantially. The oil at 0.5% inhibited the elongation of procambial cells and shifted the elongation of the ground meristem cells axially to radially. Hence, the elongation zone assumed a stratified arrangement. In radicles from seeds treated with oil at 1%, a radially directed cell elongation took place in the root cap, protoderm and procambium, preventing the root to protrude. Intercellular spaces appeared between layers of cells of the ground meristem. The anatomical changes observed might be an effect of monoterpenes, either promoting the production of ethylene or affecting the sensitivity of meristem cells to this regulator.
Journal of Apicultural Research, 2000
Planta Medica, 2015
Propolis is a resinous substance produced by bees Apis mellifera, containing mainly plant exudate... more Propolis is a resinous substance produced by bees Apis mellifera, containing mainly plant exudates and bee waxes. Propolis is important to the bees, as it is responsible for the maintenance of the hive as a sterile environment, acting against bacteria, fungus and even invading larvae. It has been extensively used in alternative medicine. However, few studies have been developed concerning the use of propolis to animal health. Thus, new strategies are of great importance for tick control. Hence, the aim of this project was to determine the activity of crude extracts of Brazilian propolis and their constituents for the control of specific and generalist ticks. Chloroform extracts were prepared from samples of green propolis from Lavras (state of Minas Gerais) and black propolis from Picos (state of Piaui), previously analyzed chemically. The bioassays were carried out in vitro to verify the effectiveness of the extracts using the larval package test. Bioassays-guided isolations were carried out to obtain active constituents presented in the studied samples. The crude extract of the propolis sample from Picos did not show any acaricide activity. On the other hand, the sample of propolis from Lavras showed high activity, and was fractionated by column chromatography in silica gel. A subfraction with acaricide activity was obtained and analyses by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were developed. The majority compounds were isolated using preparative HPLC and identified by means of current spectroscopic analysis in chemistry of natural products (IR, UV, mass and NMR) (2,2-dimethyl-cromene-6-propenoic-dicafeoyl glucoside acid, artepillin-C, baccarin and 2,2-dimethyl-cromene-8-prenyl-6-propenoic acid). Finally, new bioassays were carried out, but no effect was observed testing the isolated compounds. Thus, probably the high acaricidal activity observed in the active subfraction was due to a synergism among the subfraction constituents.
Plants and BioEnergy, 2013
The awareness of the depletion and contamination derived from fossil fuels and the resultant envi... more The awareness of the depletion and contamination derived from fossil fuels and the resultant environmental crisis has led to the recognition of the necessity of research and development aiming the production of biofuels. An escalation of oil prices has been the outcome of political instabilities in areas of the world which traditionally have been massive petroleum providers, allied to oil deficits and economic crises. The present paper discusses the potentialities of palm species native to Brazil as feedstock of biodiesel.
Brazilian Journal of Botany, 2013
Journal of Apicultural Research, 2015
The detection of marker compounds is a necessary step for chemical characterization and standardi... more The detection of marker compounds is a necessary step for chemical characterization and standardization of propolis. A thin-layer chromatography procedure is described for the detection of allyl 3-prenylcinnamate, a volatile marker of Brazilian green propolis. The powdered sample is heated inside a petri dish and the material condensed on the dish cap is chromatographed on silica gel plates. The visualization may be done by spraying the plates with a solution of sodium fluorescein or a solution of sulphuric acid vanillin reagent.
Journal of Apicultural Research, 2020
Propolis is a honey bee product containing resin derived from plants. It has been shown that prop... more Propolis is a honey bee product containing resin derived from plants. It has been shown that propolis protects beehives against infections and enhances their immunity. The honey bee favorite source of resin for propolis production in southeast Brazil is Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae), a species not adapted to grow inside forests. Colonies of Africanized honey bees were placed in a clearing inside the Atlantic Forest in Ubatuba (São Paulo state, Brazil), aiming to obtain a distinct type of propolis, containing resin derived from local plants. It was expected that the chemical composition of the propolis could afford means to suggest likely plant sources of resin. Propolis was eventually obtained, from which a volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by GC-EI-MS. Thirty-one constituents were characterized, among them some typical constituents of Baccharis dracunculifolia, which, however, appeared as minor constituents. The most abundant components of the oil were benzyl benzoate (45.3%) and benzyl salicylate (10.04%). Both volatile esters have been detected in volatile oils from species of Peperomia and Piper. The essential oil of Peperomia tetraphylla, an epiphytic herb inhabiting the Atlantic Forest, contains benzyl benzoate and benzyl salicylate in proportions close to the oil of the propolis obtained. Both phytogeography and chemical composition are consistent with Piper or Peperomia species as the resin source of the propolis analyzed. This is the first report pointing out species of Piperaceae as likely origin of propolis.
Molecules
Propolis has gained wide popularity over the last decades in several parts of the world. In paral... more Propolis has gained wide popularity over the last decades in several parts of the world. In parallel, the literature about propolis composition and biological properties increased markedly. A great number of papers have demonstrated that propolis from different parts of the world is composed mainly of phenolic substances, frequently flavonoids, derived from plant resins. Propolis has a relevant role in increasing the social immunity of bee hives. Experimental evidence indicates that propolis and its components have activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Mechanisms of action on bacteria, fungi, and viruses are known for several propolis components. Experiments have shown that propolis may act synergistically with antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirus drugs, permitting the administration of lower doses of drugs and higher antimicrobial effects. The current trend of growing resistance of microbial pathogens to the available drugs has encouraged the introduction of propolis in...
Molecules
Propolis has gained wide popularity over the last decades in several parts of the world. In paral... more Propolis has gained wide popularity over the last decades in several parts of the world. In parallel, the literature about propolis composition and biological properties increased markedly. A great number of papers have demonstrated that propolis from different parts of the world is composed mainly of phenolic substances, frequently flavonoids, derived from plant resins. Propolis has a relevant role in increasing the social immunity of bee hives. Experimental evidence indicates that propolis and its components have activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Mechanisms of action on bacteria, fungi, and viruses are known for several propolis components. Experiments have shown that propolis may act synergistically with antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirus drugs, permitting the administration of lower doses of drugs and higher antimicrobial effects. The current trend of growing resistance of microbial pathogens to the available drugs has encouraged the introduction of propolis in...
As formações ecológicas abertas, também chamadas de formações não-florestais, são dotadas de elev... more As formações ecológicas abertas, também chamadas de formações não-florestais, são dotadas de elevada biodiversidade e, apesar de possuírem elevado potencial para utilizações econômicas sustentáveis, estão negligenciadas nas políticas públicas de conservação e preservação no Brasil. Objetivando fomentar uma percepção holística do atual cenário da formação campestre no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), em especial aos campos do Pampa, nós revisitamos a legislação estadual, buscamos dados de mudança do uso da terra em áreas originalmente campestres e consultamos bases de dados eletrônicas dos municípios deste bioma, a fim de averiguar como a esfera municipal está lidando com a conversão urbana da vegetação campestre. A partir disso, sugerimos um novo olhar para os campos, o qual denominamos de Consciência Campestre. Esta tomada de consciência, embasada em questões históricas, políticas, econômicas, culturais e ecológicas advém da necessidade imediata de reconhecimento às formações camp...
<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Plant Origin of Green Propolis: Bee Beh... more <b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Plant Origin of Green Propolis: Bee Behavior, Plant Anatomy and Chemistry"Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2005;2(1):85-92.Published online 06 Jan 2005PMCID:PMC1062148.© The Author (2005). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. () 2-hydroxy-7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene. () 1-Hydroxy-2-(1-methoxyethyl)-3-methoxyanthraquinone; () Dehydrocostus lactone. () Isomaturnin. () 1,4aβ-dimethyl-7-isopropyl-2,3,4,4a,9,10-hexahydrophenanthrene. () 1,7,7-Trimethyl-3-phenyl-2-oxabixyclo-(4.4.0)-deca-3,5-diene. () 4,8-Dimethyl-5-hydrindacene.
So far, papers about propolis refer to honey bees (Apis mellifera). Propolis is a hive product co... more So far, papers about propolis refer to honey bees (Apis mellifera). Propolis is a hive product composed of plant resin, beeswax, pollen, and other minor constituents. Not much has been done about propolis from species of stingless bees. These insects belong to the family Apidae (same as Apis), subfamily Apinae, and tribe Meliponini. Most meliponines do not produce honey, although the Brazilian Melipona scutellaris (“uruçu”) produce honey available commercially. On the other hand, many stingless bees from Tropical America and Australia produce propolis. The composition of the resin of this propolis has been reviewed.1,2 In general, propolis from Apis and meliponine contains phenolic compounds as main constituents. In some cases, both bee groups share the same plant source and the composition of their propolis is almost identical.3 Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, among many other biological properties, have been reported for propolis of stingless bees.2
Propolis is a honey bee product commercialized internationally as a complementary and functional ... more Propolis is a honey bee product commercialized internationally as a complementary and functional food, although it is also used widely in traditional and popular medicine. A wide diversity of industrial products containing propolis is available in several countries, including tinctures, sprays, candies, ointments, creams and toothpastes. Propolis contains chiefly beeswax and resin, which is collected by laborer bees from plant buds or exudates. Major countries regarding propolis production are Russia, China and Brazil. In the latter country, propolis is produced by colonies of Africanized Apis mellifera (family Apidae, subfamily Apinae). All propolis produced in Brazil derives from resin collected by bees from plants growing in the wild. Two plant species stand out as propolis resin sources: Baccharis dracunculifolia (the source of Brazilian green propolis)1 and Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (source of red propolis).2