Dr. Adem Kedir Geleto - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Adem Kedir Geleto

Most of the poverty studies deal with income poverty, and consider education as one of its determ... more Most of the poverty studies deal with income poverty, and consider education as one of its determinants. Literacy in particular and education in general, however, it is one of the social indicators of poverty that requires a considerable attention. The main objective of this paper is to describe the education poverty in a rural setting with a case study from Arsi Administrative Zone in central Ethiopia. Primary data were collected from 443 households, selected randomly from five districts. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, tests of hypothesis and truncated regression model. Results show that 82% of the households had at least one member dropped out of school, permanently. These individuals were enrolled in grade one at the age of 12, on average, and prematurely left school at the age of 17, thus completing grade 5 on average. It was also found that household literacy rate decreases with the age of the household head, but increases with livestock asset size which is a proxy of wealth. Literacy rate was lower for Muslims as compared to Christians and the least for those in the highlands as compared to those in the midlands and lowlands.

Government of Ethiopia makes different attempts to improve the livelihoods of its people. One of ... more Government of Ethiopia makes different attempts to improve the livelihoods of its people. One of these attempts is the establishment of credit and saving unions in different parts of the country. Arsi zone of Oromiya National Regional State is one of the areas in which the credit and saving unions operate. This study was undertaken in 2011/12 with general objective of assessing the status of rural poverty in the zone. It covers 443 households randomly selected from five districts of the 25 districts of the zone. Assessing the impact of rural credit on household poverty was one of the specific objectives of the study. It was found that 300(67.7%) of the households frequently failed to cover their financial requirements and 204 (68%) of them used credit as coping strategy for financial shortages. Surprisingly, only 33 (16.2%) households took credit from formal institutions. Focus group discussions made with credit takers and credit providers revealed that the formal credit is interest based and requires group collateral. Religious background of the households forbid participation in interest based credit and no one is interested to form group with the poorest of the poor. Even among those who took the formal credit, about 94% faced food shortages very frequently ending in using the credit for covering food shortfalls rather than participating in some productive investments. On top of these, most of the credit takers are illiterate who lack marketing know-how and entrepreneurial skills. All these show that there are a lot of mismatches between the demand for credit and the supply of credit in the study area. The credit provision, therefore, looks like prescription without laboratory diagnosis. It is thus recommended that the credit system should be redesigned taking into consideration the social, cultural and economic conditions of the people.

Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2020

Background: This study aims at assessing the factors influencing households' crop production risk... more Background: This study aims at assessing the factors influencing households' crop production risks due to hail or heavy rainfall in Jimma Rare District. Methods: The data was generated from primary source and 196 households were selected from Jimma Rare District using Multistage sampling techniques. Both descriptive statistics and econometric model (Poisson or Negative Binomial regression) were applied in this study to analyze the data collected from the selected sample households. Results: The survey result shows that, the average number of crop production risks due to hail or heavy rainfall was 1.62 with variance equal to 2.04. The result of Negative binomial regression model shows that, age of household heads and total land size have positively and significantly influenced the number of crop production risks due to hail or heavy rainfall faced by households, but negatively affected by livestock size, access to extension service, and access to training. Conclusion: This study revealed that rural households are affected by different demographic and socioeconomic factors, farm characteristics, institutional factors, and environmental factors. Specifically, the finding revealed that, an increase in age of household heads and total land size increases number of crop production risks faced by farmers due to hail or heavy rainfall in the area whereas an increase in livestock size, access to extension service, and access to training decreases the number of crop production risks due to hail or heavy rainfall by farmers in the study area. Therefore, the study recommends that, improving access to training, availability of agricultural inputs at planting time, and preparing experience sharing among farmers should be promoted to decrease number of crop production risks due to hail or heavy rainfall and increase the productivity of farmers by appropriate decision of crop production in the study area.

Journal of World Economic Research

Ethiopia has large number of small ruminant resources, but its contribution to the national econo... more Ethiopia has large number of small ruminant resources, but its contribution to the national economy is far less than its potential. This study was undertaken to analyze sheep value chain actors and their roles, to examine market performance of actors and find out the existing constraints and opportunities of sheep value chain in Basona Worena District, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia. The primary data was collected from a sample of 366 farmers from five Kebeles and other 40 sheep value chain actors through structured questionnaires, focus group discussion, key informant interview and personal observation. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation, frequency, Value Chain Analysis and marketing margin. Results show that input suppliers, farmers, traders, processors, service providers and consumers were the main sheep value chain actors in the study area. The sheep production system was traditional that needs intervention to transform in to market-oriented one. Eight sheep market channels were identified in the study area and the share of farmers from final sheep price was 35% which was very low. Feed shortage, sheep diseases, lack of linkage between Debre Brihan Blanket Factory and farmers, lack of improved sheep rams and low awareness of farmers' on market oriented sheep production were the major constraints of sheep production in the study area. On the other hand government's commitment to increase meat export, increment of export abattoirs, high demand of live sheep and sheep meat in both domestic and gulf countries and geographical location of the study area were the major opportunities. Therefore, farmers should have to form farmers' small ruminant cooperative; strengthen the linkages among them and other value chain actors to increase their bargaining power and to be more beneficiary from the marketing of their sheep. Moreover, policies and strategies aiming at supplying improved sheep breeds, veterinary drugs and feeds, providing financial support, creating awareness and giving training for farmers on market oriented sheep production system are recommended.

Ethiopia is a country with diverse agro ecological settings which make the yield of crop variety ... more Ethiopia is a country with diverse agro ecological settings which make the yield of crop variety fluctuate and make selection of best variety difficult. This study was conducted to select best bread wheat variety, variety that has higher performance with relatively stable performance across varying environments, by evaluating the varieties in terms their average performance and stability across the test environments. The yield and stability of the performance of 17 bread wheat genotypes across 18 test environments was evaluated using linear mixed model. The yield performance of genotypes was evaluated using different types of BLUPs. The stability of genotypes was evaluated using different methods under mixed model assumption. Genotypes such as ETBW5798, ETBW5800 and ETBW5879 were generally identified to have higher average yield with relatively stable performance across the test environments whereas Digelu, ETBW5875 and ETBW5899 were generally found to have poor performance in terms...

International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 2014

Small scale irrigation expansion has got vital role in assisting the development of sustainable a... more Small scale irrigation expansion has got vital role in assisting the development of sustainable agriculture in Ethiopia. And more number of small scale irrigation schemes were developed in the country including Gorogutu district of Oromia Region, considering the reality that irrigation is the obvious response to low agricultural productivity. The purpose of this study is therefore to assess the contribution of small-scale irrigation to householdâ€™s food security in Gorogutu district. Primary data were collected from 180 sample households selected from two PAs in the district, through random sampling technique based on probability proportional to size. The two PAs were selected considering the existence of small scale irrigation schemes, schemes years of operation and irrigation capacity. Binary Logit model was employed to examine the contribution of irrigation to householdâ€™s food security. The result of Binary Logit model indicates that use of irrigation water, family size in AE,...

Pastoralists and agro-pastoralists in Ethiopia have untapped livestock resources. However, they h... more Pastoralists and agro-pastoralists in Ethiopia have untapped livestock resources. However, they have inadequate economic benefits from these resources due to lack of efficient structure, conduct and performance with which these resources have been explored. Despite large livestock resources, the communities experience high incidence of poverty. Their geographic areas are susceptible to frequent droughts. Ethiopian agricultural policies in the past had largely neglected this sector, focusing on mainly crop production and marketing. Policy attention to milk production and marketing in the pastoral and agro-pastoral areas had been negligible. In order to explore efficiency of milk marketing system in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas as well as to generate information for relevant policy formulation, this study attempts to analyze cow and camel milk marketing channels, the role and linkages of marketing agents using the commonly-used Structure-Conduct-Performance (S-C-P) framework and commodity approaches. Primary data from 140 pastoral and agro-pastoral households and several marketing agents were collected and many secondary data sources were also consulted. The study found presence of inadequate provision of public services, and predominantly traditional and fragmented marketing system. Both cow and camel milk markets exhibit strong oligopoly in the area. The study suggests that there is a need to link milk marketing agents through development of institutional arrangements such as dairy cooperatives, traders' unions and contract marketing scheme; a need for public investment in the development of supportive infrastructure (e.g., telecommunications, roads, electricity, water); extension support to augment traditional production system, such as promotion of cross-bred cows and veterinary services; licensing and inspection of milk traders and producers to ensure achievement of minimum hygiene and quality standards; and a need for development of valueadding processing facilities to minimize waste and increase the profitability of the enterprise.

Ethiopia has failed to produce enough food to feed its population and the country has remained as... more Ethiopia has failed to produce enough food to feed its population and the country has remained as one of the developing countries in the world. Irrigation technology has been identified as one of the most priorities in the strategies of the sustainable agricultural productivity in the country. In an effort to address this problem, the government has given due attention for soil and water conservation in the country. However, definitive and quantitative information regarding irrigation technology and its interactions with farm productivity is lacking. We evaluate the impact of irrigation interventions on income generation and food security status of smallholder farm households in East hararghe lowland areas of Ethiopia using cross sectional data collected from randomly selected 200 sample households during 2011/12 production season. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was employed. The logistic regression estimation of factors affecting participation irrigation technology revealed that e...

Literature on camel milk market channel choices has been thin, especially in pro-poor pastoral/ag... more Literature on camel milk market channel choices has been thin, especially in pro-poor pastoral/agro-pastoral area of sub-Saharan Africa, as a result its prudent to note that none of past studies identified factors affecting camel milk market channel choices in Eastern Ethiopia even though camel milk market access is pivotal to transform livelihood of people who live in arid and semi-arid areas of Ethiopia. Therefore, the study seeks to determine factors influencing camel milk marketing channel choice in Gursume and Babile districts of Eastern Ethiopia, with the aim of enhancing camel milk competitiveness. Data were collected from 92 camel milk producers’ pastoral/agro-pastoralist by using two-stage stratified sampling. Multinomial Logit model was employed for analyzing data. Multinomial Logit model result indicated that, compared to assembler market channel outlet (base channel), the likelihood of accessing consumer market outlet was higher among pastoral/agro-pastoral who have high...

1 Departments of Veterinary Epidemiology, Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary M... more 1 Departments of Veterinary Epidemiology, Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, P.O. Box. 289-Haramaya University-Ethiopia. 2 Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), P. O. Box. 1242, Addis Ababa-Ethiopia. 3 Departments of Statistics, College of Information Communication, Haramaya University, P. O. Box. 138 Dire Dawa-Ethiopia. 4 Preclinical Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the Latvian University of Agriculture P.O. Box. 3004, Jelgava – Latvia P.S. Latvia.

Journal of Biometrics & Biostatistics, 2017

Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey revealed that about 44% of under five children were stunte... more Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey revealed that about 44% of under five children were stunted, 29% were underweight and 10% were wasted in 2011. In Oromia region prevalence of child under nutrition indicates that 26% were underweight with 7.8% severe underweight, 9.7% of the children were wasted with 2.8% severe wasting and 41.4% of the children were stunted with 18% severe stunting [5]. A community based study conducted on prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among children aged 6-59 months at Hidabu Abote District, Oromia, in 2013 revealed that 47.6%, 30.9% and 16.7% of children were stunted, underweight and wasted respectively [6]. But, Ethiopian demographic and health survey did not present the problems associated with nutritional status of children on district level, and the study in a district might not represent other district. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess prevalence of under-nutrition among children aged 6-59 months in Haramaya district. Methods and Materials Study area, period and design A community based cross-sectional study design was used in Haramaya district, East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia from January 05 to March 25, 2015. Haramaya district was located 506 km far from East of Addis Ababa. The elevation of the area was about 2000m above sea level and geographically it located 041°59'58'' latitude and 09°24'10''longitudes. The district receives an average annual rain fall approximately 900 mm and climatically there were two environmental zones of which 66.5% was midland and 33.5% was lowland. According to CSA population projection for 2014 out of the total population in Oromia region, 32,815,995, about 10 % was located in East Hararghe Zone. In the Haramaya district the projected population for 2014 was 332,985 and about 79% of the total population in the district was located in rural area [7]. The number of under five children in the district was about 72978 and above 87% of the children was located in the rural area. In the district there was one hospital, seven health centres and 34 health posts. About 78 health workers were recently working in the health posts in the district. The district was divided into 33 rural and 4 urban kebeles. Sample size determination and sampling techniques Population: The source population was all children aged between

African Journal of Marketing Management, 2017

In the fragile and uncertain environment of arid and semi-arid area, camel plays a crucial role a... more In the fragile and uncertain environment of arid and semi-arid area, camel plays a crucial role as a primary source of livelihood for pastoralists and agro-pastoralists. However, pastoral and agropastoralists in developing countries including Ethiopia are marginalized and generally not given due consideration in wider social-political analysis, although the camel and camel milk had been victim of neglect by policy, research and development under the livestock subsector. Therefore, this study is initiated with providing information on camel milk production and marketing though chain analysis and multiple linear regression model in agro-pastoral and pastoral area of Easter Ethiopia as such information would be useful to develop policy which is based on evidence.

Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 2014

The Ethiopia pastoral and agro-pastoralists' are blessed with immense and untapped livestock and ... more The Ethiopia pastoral and agro-pastoralists' are blessed with immense and untapped livestock and livestock product which is the main stay and milk blood. Thought, they are not economically benefited out of it in the extent at which ought to be as a result of less access to basic services provided by the government as compared to the high land, as a result of this highest incidence of poverty and drought is a common phenomenon in pastoral and agro-pastoralists' areas of Ethiopia. Hence, this study is initiated to provide vital and valid information on the operation of milk marketing system for effective policy formulation by analyzing the milk market chain in Easter part of Ethiopia. To analyze the major camel and cow milk market channels, the role and linkages of marketing agent's the study used Structural Conduct and Performance (S-C-P) framework and commodity approach. The study found that, there is poor provision of public services by the government and the milk marketing system was found to be predominantly traditional and fragmented. Although, the milk market for both camel and cow was found to be strongly oligopolistic. Therefore, there is a need to link milk marketing agents through development of institutional arrangement such as dairy cooperatives, traders unions and contract; the government should also due attention to develop infrastructure specially the telecommunication, road, electric power and should integrating cross-bred cows as there was no exotic cross breeds in the herds surveyed; governmental and non-governmental actions are also required to license and inspect milk traders and producers to ensure achievement of minimum hygiene and quality standards; and there is also a need for development of processing facilities that would produce storable dairy products such as milk powders or hard cheese as adding value increase the profitability of the enterprise.

International Journal of ICT Research and Development in Africa, 2014

Up-to-date market information on prices for commodities, inputs and consumer trends can improve f... more Up-to-date market information on prices for commodities, inputs and consumer trends can improve farmers' livelihoods substantially and have a dramatic impact on their negotiating positions. Information on new marketing opportunities and the market prices of farm inputs and outputs is fundamental to an efficient and productive agricultural economy. The main focus of this study was on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) use on agricultural marketing. Use of ICT (mobile phone, radio and television) and factors affecting ICT use in agricultural marketing in Eastern Hararghe were the objectives of this study. Random sample of 210 producers were selected from six purposively selected kebeles from Haramaya, Kersa and Metta woredas based on their production potential. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model were used for analyzing the data and 63.8% were ICT users while 36.2% were not. The model result indicated that age, year of education, information s...

homepages.wmich.edu

... amount. Among the agricultural export oriented products produced in the eastern part of the c... more ... amount. Among the agricultural export oriented products produced in the eastern part of the country, chat (Khat or Catha adulis) and coffee constitute the highest shares. ... contentment and flow of idea (Kenedy, 1987). Khat sessions can provide an arena for ...

PLOS ONE

Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS COV-2) known as COVID-19 since its outbreak in... more Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS COV-2) known as COVID-19 since its outbreak in 2019, more than 375 and 5.6 million were infected and dead, respectively. Its influence in all disciplines stimulated different industries to work day to night relentlessly to develop safe and effective vaccines to reduce the catastrophic effect of the disease. With the increasing number of people globally who have been vaccinated, the reports on possible adverse events have grown and gained great public attention. This study aims to determine post-COVID-19 vaccination adverse effects and associated factors among vaccinated Health care providers in the Oromia region, Ethiopia in 2021. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 912 health care workers working in government hospitals in the central Oromia region from November 20 to December 15/2021. Respondents absent from work due to different reasons were excluded during the interview. The outcome variable was COVID-19 side eff...

Cogent Economics & Finance, 2021

The improvement of agricultural productivity using technology is an important avenue for increasi... more The improvement of agricultural productivity using technology is an important avenue for increasing output and reducing poverty in sub-Saharan countries. However, the low adoption of high yield var...

African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development, 2018

This article is premeditated to perform econometric scrutiny on technical efficiency (TE) of priv... more This article is premeditated to perform econometric scrutiny on technical efficiency (TE) of private farm households on cereal crops of Ethiopia. The paper also envisioned to test the instability of cereal crop production/productivity in the country. To analyse the technical efficiency, the authors applied the Cobb-Douglas (C-D) production function on agricultural sample survey data from the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) from 1998/99 to 2013/14. To establish effective and efficient model parameters, we applied more than a few model diagnostic techniques. The estimation results foreseen that, the mean level of technical efficiency of barley, maize, sorghum, Teff, and wheat production in Ethiopia found to be 66.96%, 77.34%, 64.09%, 70.52% and 73.37%, respectively. Correspondingly, the result prophesied that the technical inefficiency is a noteworthy component of the composed error term of the stochastic specification. Age and education level of household, regions and production year found to differentiate farmers in attaining different levels of technical efficiency in major cereal crop production. Therefore, policy makers should give emphasis on these identified factors to improve the technical efficiency of cereal crop production across the country.