Endah Triastuti 990900500 - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Endah Triastuti 990900500
Egalita, Dec 13, 2022
This article explains how the discourse of piety displayed by Indonesian niqabis celebrity women ... more This article explains how the discourse of piety displayed by Indonesian niqabis celebrity women on digital media such as instagram has been negotiated and commodified for certain purposes. Using the theoretical concept of the commodification of piety, in the sense of adding a brand (a kind of new capital of piety) to explain commodity marketing, this article argues that by using the social media platform instagram, niqabis women who own muslim fashion businesses have modified their values of piety about the female body in the Islamic context. A qualitative approach with a feminist paradigm is used to view the diversity of digital data in the form of text captions and photos in Instagram posts. The conclusion of this article reveals that the niqabis on Instagram utilizes the value of piety in the form of hijrah discourse and the 'syar'i' muslim fashion categorization, to build a brand, which unconsciously also contains propaganda for muslim women's body regulation. It means that there is a process of commodification of the values constructed through Instagram social media. The process does not only involve the niqab and messages of piety, but also the female body which is used as a commodity to boost sales of muslim fashion products.
Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2017
The 4th Asia-Pacific Research in Social Sciences and Humanities Universitas Indonesia Conference (APRISH 2019): Network Society: Continuity and Change, 2021
Drawing on the critiques of the active/passive dichotomy and using an ethnographic approach, this... more Drawing on the critiques of the active/passive dichotomy and using an ethnographic approach, this article looks at the forms of Indonesian women’s engagement in a con-vergent media world through blogging. We examine the technical, personalized author-ing tools Indonesian women use in their blogging practices, and conclude that potential choices are not limitless as they hinge on authors ’ contexts.
This study explores the participation of pop music fandoms in fan base communities on popular soc... more This study explores the participation of pop music fandoms in fan base communities on popular social networking sites within Indonesia’s context, to not only engage with content but also, to find pleasure. Practices in pop music fandom from the perspective and experience of fans are explored. The results reveal that fans find pleasure in being actively involved in their communities to connect with one another and with their favourite artist, interpret meanings in the creation of content and perform their identity as a part of the fandom. With visibility more possible through social media, it has become easier for fans to interact with artists, record labels, media partners and concert promoters. These interactions are perceived by the fans as emotional rewards, which then motivate them to engage in these activities and create a reward industry. In this reward industry, fans are included in collaborations with industry components, and therefore expand their networks and reinforce the...
Frekuensi tinggi penggunaan media sosial pada anak dan remaja berpotensi membuat mereka terpapar ... more Frekuensi tinggi penggunaan media sosial pada anak dan remaja berpotensi membuat mereka terpapar konten-konten yang berbahaya hingga mengalami adiksi media sosial dan perilaku online berisiko. Hasil studi perilaku anak di media sosial dengan sampel anak usia 7-17 tahun di daerah yang mewakili kawasan urban perkotaan ini berusaha memberikan rekomendasi bagi orangtua untuk memastikan keselamatan anak di dunia maya.
Makalah ini membahas pertanyaan seputar ‘Apakah komunitas blogger yang direartikulasikan dari ‘hu... more Makalah ini membahas pertanyaan seputar ‘Apakah komunitas blogger yang direartikulasikan dari ‘hubungan hegemonik konservatif’ memiliki potensi untuk memberdayakan blogger Indonesia?’ Atau apakah berpotensi mereproduksi bentuk lain dari hubungan kekuasaan untuk blogger Indonesia, seperti dunia maya yang tidak selalu menjamin demokratisasi. Hal ini berkisar pada gagasan tentang komunitas, dimana era digital telah mengubah hubungan kekuasaan. Terdapat argumen bahwa apa yang disebut komunitas virtual cenderung mereproduksi mekanisme yang berkuasa dengan menciptakan kembali artefak digital sebagai pengingat untuk mempertahankan wilayah budaya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian etnografi tentang blogging dan mencakup hampir empat tahun pengamatan partisipan dan wawancara informal dengan beragam blogger termasuk pria, wanita, pengadopsi awal dan pendatang baru, pendiri, administrator, orang-orang yang menulis blog secara profesional dan mereka yang menulis blog di waktu luang. Temuan saya ...
Most of Asian use mutual cooperation to run their life in the challenging environment. On the riv... more Most of Asian use mutual cooperation to run their life in the challenging environment. On the riverbanks of Ciliwung in Jakarta, the Kampung Pulo’s people work together facing of the floods that inundated their roof for days, and feel comfortable living in this area until the rest of their lives. However, this area may cause some disasters for the city and should be revitalised. While developing a metropolitan city, the city planner use vertical occupancy as a solution to relocate residents from slums. This action may change people perception in understanding the meaning of space and distance, also the relations between citizens in this settlement. The elevator, closing doors, the lack of bench and terrace to sit in front of their house, are destructives this collectivistic people in interacting and sharing information. Suddnely, the citizens must be adapt this newly-modern residential boxes, which are assumed as the more efficient and economical and common use for the individualist...
Accuracy is a common and serious problem in online mass media, particularly in today’s fast-paced... more Accuracy is a common and serious problem in online mass media, particularly in today’s fast-paced news industry. By applying the arguments in structuration theory, this study examines agents within the structure of the news industry, such that they function as both the medium and outcome of agency formation, and how they intertwine with issues of public trust in online mass media. Using Katadata.co.id as an instrumental case study from April to July 2019, this study suggests that the emergence of data journalism potentially offers a solution to overcome the issue of accuracy within the new structure of online news media. Using Giddens’ structuration theory, this study critically analyses data journalism’s efficacy to enhance the accuracy of online news. The study concludes that although data journalism provides financial benefits for Katadata.co.id, the website did not demonstrate an ability to overcome the problem of inaccuracy, which is attributed to a lack of adequate data analysis training, support and equipment among its journalists. Rather, Katadata.co.id remains trapped in the typical structure of online mass media that sacrifices quality and prioritises news quantity and speed to increase advertising revenues. On that basis, the researchers recommend that Katadata.co.id improves its editorial structure to enhance the accuracy of its news. Further research is suggested to examine the application of data journalism by other news websites in Indonesia.
This paper attempts to analyze the role of an online social media movement in obtaining social su... more This paper attempts to analyze the role of an online social media movement in obtaining social support for women victims of violence. To mobilize and run a social movement in the online world effectively, we believe that trustbuilding is needed to create collective identity and collective action and also to support the three elements of a social movement (Campaign, Repertoire, and WUNC [Worthiness, Unity, Number, and Commitment]) (Carty, 2018). In this literature review, authors use a term and a model of trust in from Lewicki and Bunker (1996) to analyze the online movement as a positive space for social support among netizens and sexual violence victims. The authors believe that the trust-building model in the virtual community can also be implemented to achieve the movement's goals and to encourage victims of sexual violence to seek support through an online social movement.
The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 2021
This study suggests blogging as a practice has unintended cultural and political implications. It... more This study suggests blogging as a practice has unintended cultural and political implications. It can be drawn from the data, derived from multiple qualitative fieldwork methods (2008–2012), that Indonesian women bloggers circumvent cultural constraints. Appropriating the private Bahasa Gaul, women bloggers establish connections and make alliances in public. Further, the utilisation of modes of ‘street language’ in the digital age comprises a distinctive register of sociability, liberated from certain norms and hierarchies.
All around the world, women are still facing gender digital divide due to their absence in the in... more All around the world, women are still facing gender digital divide due to their absence in the internet infrastructure establishment. The Web 2.0 technology helps women to catch up with men in adopting the internet. After the introduction of free blog providers in 2000, a significant number of Indonesian women embrace digital communication through blogging practice. Having a resemblance with women bloggers in general, Indonesian women bloggers tend to use blogging to document personal experiences. However, my thesis refuses to see Indonesian women as single entities, thus I take up de Certeau's idea in 'The Practice of Everyday Life' (1984) to explain that within the circulation of power in media discourse (Couldry, 2004) Indonesian women bloggers apply contextual tactics to reclaim their sense of agency in the Indonesianmale-dominated public sphere. Employing multidisciplinary approaches, my study aim to answer the questions"what kind of things people do in relation to media"? and also "how is the complexity of users's engagement with media embedded in everyday life cultures"? (Takahashi, 2010; Couldry, 2005; Bird, 2003) within Indonesian women's context. My study shows that blogging is not a universal practice, nor simple, limited or fixed. That is, in their engagement with blogging, Indonesian women make out by 'poaching' blogging in their own contexts and reconstruct blogging for their own social, economic, political and cultural benefit. Thus within Indonesian women's context that were subjected to national ideology of state ibuism, a blog can be understood as a medium of negotiation for Indonesian women not only for joining public sphere, but also to create their sense of agency. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Guru Nanak said, 'Without a Guru none can cross over to the other shore.' I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisors, Philip Kitley and Mark McLelland for helping me crossing over to the other shore by supporting me with their academic excellence. Special thanks for Philip. If he did not keep challenging me from the beginning and pushing my boundaries I could not have learned as much as I did. I wish also to thank Heather Jamisson for her generous offer to help me with technical and editorial insights and especially for her ongoing friendliness and academic as well as personal encouragement. I would especially like to thank a number of Indonesian blogger communities and their members: Loenpia Semarang, Anging Mammiri, Aceh Blogger Community, Bali Blogger Community, Kayuh Baimbay, and Bertuah, for their support and friendships. We have witnessed that William Gibson is wrong, that Cyberspace is NOT a consensual hallucination. I am indebted to my father, mother, and sisters for their encouragement. I have been fortunate to have their support and unconditional love in all its forms. From them, I understand what Jim Butcher meant when he said 'When everything goes to hell, the people who stand by you without flinching-they are your family.' I share the credit of my work with good friends I have met throughout this journey. I would like to thank them for their good company and support:
Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Research in Social Sciences and Humanities Universitas Indonesia Conference (APRISH 2019), 2021
Women have for decades been socio-culturally constructed as an object of the institution of marri... more Women have for decades been socio-culturally constructed as an object of the institution of marriage. The media has played a major part in constructing an ideal of femininity portrayed through the narrative of a bride. This glorified image of a perfect bride later postulated marriage to be a fit state for the fulfillment of women and as a tribute to femininity. This paper purposes to critically analyze the manner in which the media commodifies gender roles to promote both the institution of marriage and the wedding industry as a whole. This conceptual paper is compiled on the basis of relevant literature and examines ideas related to gender roles and marriage. The paper contemplates studies conducted by Boden (2001), Engstrom (2008), Chang (2015) and Parker (2016) to unveil a phenomenon that appears simple but exerts an enormous social, economic, and cultural impact. It is found that heterosexual relationships and marriage imply the subordination of women to men through the accomplishment of prescribed stereotypes and social roles. This paper is expected to expand the awareness of the extended implications of the wedding industry in Indonesia.
The Routledge Companion to Global Internet Histories, 2017
I first describe the personal genealogy and then history of what became the biennial conference s... more I first describe the personal genealogy and then history of what became the biennial conference series on "Cultural Attitudes towards Technology and Communication" (CaTaC). The series, begun in 1998, was among the first scholarly efforts to foster critical attention to the rôles of culture and culturally variable norms, practices, and communicative preferences in the design, implementation, and responses to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), especially as connected via the internet. The beginnings of CaTaC in a particular experience of culture shock grounded its defining concerns with recognizing and thereby seeking to overcome ethnocentrisms embedded in both ICT design and research and scholarship on their diffusion and impacts across the globe: such ethnocentrisms could be observed to issue in a 2 "computer-mediated colonization," i.e., processes of cultural homogenization that thus threatened local cultural traditions and diversity. I review highlights and developments across the 16 years of the series, especially as they refract our defining concerns into four thematic foci: embodiment and gender; democracy and freedom of expression; design; and identity and selfhood. On balance, our signature concerns and critical attention to "culture" (an increasingly problematic concept) has become ever more mainstream since 1998: on the other hand, it is also apparent that the factors that incline both designers and scholars towards ethnocentrism remain. Hence our defining efforts to recognize and overcome such ethnocentrism, for the sake of avoiding cultural imperialism of various sorts, remain pressing and salient.
Journal of International and Intercultural Communication
This study discusses how Indonesian gay men use social media platforms to create a queer heteroto... more This study discusses how Indonesian gay men use social media platforms to create a queer heterotopia by practicing disidentification – the process of distancing oneself from an unwanted identity. T...
Egalita, Dec 13, 2022
This article explains how the discourse of piety displayed by Indonesian niqabis celebrity women ... more This article explains how the discourse of piety displayed by Indonesian niqabis celebrity women on digital media such as instagram has been negotiated and commodified for certain purposes. Using the theoretical concept of the commodification of piety, in the sense of adding a brand (a kind of new capital of piety) to explain commodity marketing, this article argues that by using the social media platform instagram, niqabis women who own muslim fashion businesses have modified their values of piety about the female body in the Islamic context. A qualitative approach with a feminist paradigm is used to view the diversity of digital data in the form of text captions and photos in Instagram posts. The conclusion of this article reveals that the niqabis on Instagram utilizes the value of piety in the form of hijrah discourse and the 'syar'i' muslim fashion categorization, to build a brand, which unconsciously also contains propaganda for muslim women's body regulation. It means that there is a process of commodification of the values constructed through Instagram social media. The process does not only involve the niqab and messages of piety, but also the female body which is used as a commodity to boost sales of muslim fashion products.
Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2017
The 4th Asia-Pacific Research in Social Sciences and Humanities Universitas Indonesia Conference (APRISH 2019): Network Society: Continuity and Change, 2021
Drawing on the critiques of the active/passive dichotomy and using an ethnographic approach, this... more Drawing on the critiques of the active/passive dichotomy and using an ethnographic approach, this article looks at the forms of Indonesian women’s engagement in a con-vergent media world through blogging. We examine the technical, personalized author-ing tools Indonesian women use in their blogging practices, and conclude that potential choices are not limitless as they hinge on authors ’ contexts.
This study explores the participation of pop music fandoms in fan base communities on popular soc... more This study explores the participation of pop music fandoms in fan base communities on popular social networking sites within Indonesia’s context, to not only engage with content but also, to find pleasure. Practices in pop music fandom from the perspective and experience of fans are explored. The results reveal that fans find pleasure in being actively involved in their communities to connect with one another and with their favourite artist, interpret meanings in the creation of content and perform their identity as a part of the fandom. With visibility more possible through social media, it has become easier for fans to interact with artists, record labels, media partners and concert promoters. These interactions are perceived by the fans as emotional rewards, which then motivate them to engage in these activities and create a reward industry. In this reward industry, fans are included in collaborations with industry components, and therefore expand their networks and reinforce the...
Frekuensi tinggi penggunaan media sosial pada anak dan remaja berpotensi membuat mereka terpapar ... more Frekuensi tinggi penggunaan media sosial pada anak dan remaja berpotensi membuat mereka terpapar konten-konten yang berbahaya hingga mengalami adiksi media sosial dan perilaku online berisiko. Hasil studi perilaku anak di media sosial dengan sampel anak usia 7-17 tahun di daerah yang mewakili kawasan urban perkotaan ini berusaha memberikan rekomendasi bagi orangtua untuk memastikan keselamatan anak di dunia maya.
Makalah ini membahas pertanyaan seputar ‘Apakah komunitas blogger yang direartikulasikan dari ‘hu... more Makalah ini membahas pertanyaan seputar ‘Apakah komunitas blogger yang direartikulasikan dari ‘hubungan hegemonik konservatif’ memiliki potensi untuk memberdayakan blogger Indonesia?’ Atau apakah berpotensi mereproduksi bentuk lain dari hubungan kekuasaan untuk blogger Indonesia, seperti dunia maya yang tidak selalu menjamin demokratisasi. Hal ini berkisar pada gagasan tentang komunitas, dimana era digital telah mengubah hubungan kekuasaan. Terdapat argumen bahwa apa yang disebut komunitas virtual cenderung mereproduksi mekanisme yang berkuasa dengan menciptakan kembali artefak digital sebagai pengingat untuk mempertahankan wilayah budaya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian etnografi tentang blogging dan mencakup hampir empat tahun pengamatan partisipan dan wawancara informal dengan beragam blogger termasuk pria, wanita, pengadopsi awal dan pendatang baru, pendiri, administrator, orang-orang yang menulis blog secara profesional dan mereka yang menulis blog di waktu luang. Temuan saya ...
Most of Asian use mutual cooperation to run their life in the challenging environment. On the riv... more Most of Asian use mutual cooperation to run their life in the challenging environment. On the riverbanks of Ciliwung in Jakarta, the Kampung Pulo’s people work together facing of the floods that inundated their roof for days, and feel comfortable living in this area until the rest of their lives. However, this area may cause some disasters for the city and should be revitalised. While developing a metropolitan city, the city planner use vertical occupancy as a solution to relocate residents from slums. This action may change people perception in understanding the meaning of space and distance, also the relations between citizens in this settlement. The elevator, closing doors, the lack of bench and terrace to sit in front of their house, are destructives this collectivistic people in interacting and sharing information. Suddnely, the citizens must be adapt this newly-modern residential boxes, which are assumed as the more efficient and economical and common use for the individualist...
Accuracy is a common and serious problem in online mass media, particularly in today’s fast-paced... more Accuracy is a common and serious problem in online mass media, particularly in today’s fast-paced news industry. By applying the arguments in structuration theory, this study examines agents within the structure of the news industry, such that they function as both the medium and outcome of agency formation, and how they intertwine with issues of public trust in online mass media. Using Katadata.co.id as an instrumental case study from April to July 2019, this study suggests that the emergence of data journalism potentially offers a solution to overcome the issue of accuracy within the new structure of online news media. Using Giddens’ structuration theory, this study critically analyses data journalism’s efficacy to enhance the accuracy of online news. The study concludes that although data journalism provides financial benefits for Katadata.co.id, the website did not demonstrate an ability to overcome the problem of inaccuracy, which is attributed to a lack of adequate data analysis training, support and equipment among its journalists. Rather, Katadata.co.id remains trapped in the typical structure of online mass media that sacrifices quality and prioritises news quantity and speed to increase advertising revenues. On that basis, the researchers recommend that Katadata.co.id improves its editorial structure to enhance the accuracy of its news. Further research is suggested to examine the application of data journalism by other news websites in Indonesia.
This paper attempts to analyze the role of an online social media movement in obtaining social su... more This paper attempts to analyze the role of an online social media movement in obtaining social support for women victims of violence. To mobilize and run a social movement in the online world effectively, we believe that trustbuilding is needed to create collective identity and collective action and also to support the three elements of a social movement (Campaign, Repertoire, and WUNC [Worthiness, Unity, Number, and Commitment]) (Carty, 2018). In this literature review, authors use a term and a model of trust in from Lewicki and Bunker (1996) to analyze the online movement as a positive space for social support among netizens and sexual violence victims. The authors believe that the trust-building model in the virtual community can also be implemented to achieve the movement's goals and to encourage victims of sexual violence to seek support through an online social movement.
The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 2021
This study suggests blogging as a practice has unintended cultural and political implications. It... more This study suggests blogging as a practice has unintended cultural and political implications. It can be drawn from the data, derived from multiple qualitative fieldwork methods (2008–2012), that Indonesian women bloggers circumvent cultural constraints. Appropriating the private Bahasa Gaul, women bloggers establish connections and make alliances in public. Further, the utilisation of modes of ‘street language’ in the digital age comprises a distinctive register of sociability, liberated from certain norms and hierarchies.
All around the world, women are still facing gender digital divide due to their absence in the in... more All around the world, women are still facing gender digital divide due to their absence in the internet infrastructure establishment. The Web 2.0 technology helps women to catch up with men in adopting the internet. After the introduction of free blog providers in 2000, a significant number of Indonesian women embrace digital communication through blogging practice. Having a resemblance with women bloggers in general, Indonesian women bloggers tend to use blogging to document personal experiences. However, my thesis refuses to see Indonesian women as single entities, thus I take up de Certeau's idea in 'The Practice of Everyday Life' (1984) to explain that within the circulation of power in media discourse (Couldry, 2004) Indonesian women bloggers apply contextual tactics to reclaim their sense of agency in the Indonesianmale-dominated public sphere. Employing multidisciplinary approaches, my study aim to answer the questions"what kind of things people do in relation to media"? and also "how is the complexity of users's engagement with media embedded in everyday life cultures"? (Takahashi, 2010; Couldry, 2005; Bird, 2003) within Indonesian women's context. My study shows that blogging is not a universal practice, nor simple, limited or fixed. That is, in their engagement with blogging, Indonesian women make out by 'poaching' blogging in their own contexts and reconstruct blogging for their own social, economic, political and cultural benefit. Thus within Indonesian women's context that were subjected to national ideology of state ibuism, a blog can be understood as a medium of negotiation for Indonesian women not only for joining public sphere, but also to create their sense of agency. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Guru Nanak said, 'Without a Guru none can cross over to the other shore.' I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisors, Philip Kitley and Mark McLelland for helping me crossing over to the other shore by supporting me with their academic excellence. Special thanks for Philip. If he did not keep challenging me from the beginning and pushing my boundaries I could not have learned as much as I did. I wish also to thank Heather Jamisson for her generous offer to help me with technical and editorial insights and especially for her ongoing friendliness and academic as well as personal encouragement. I would especially like to thank a number of Indonesian blogger communities and their members: Loenpia Semarang, Anging Mammiri, Aceh Blogger Community, Bali Blogger Community, Kayuh Baimbay, and Bertuah, for their support and friendships. We have witnessed that William Gibson is wrong, that Cyberspace is NOT a consensual hallucination. I am indebted to my father, mother, and sisters for their encouragement. I have been fortunate to have their support and unconditional love in all its forms. From them, I understand what Jim Butcher meant when he said 'When everything goes to hell, the people who stand by you without flinching-they are your family.' I share the credit of my work with good friends I have met throughout this journey. I would like to thank them for their good company and support:
Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Research in Social Sciences and Humanities Universitas Indonesia Conference (APRISH 2019), 2021
Women have for decades been socio-culturally constructed as an object of the institution of marri... more Women have for decades been socio-culturally constructed as an object of the institution of marriage. The media has played a major part in constructing an ideal of femininity portrayed through the narrative of a bride. This glorified image of a perfect bride later postulated marriage to be a fit state for the fulfillment of women and as a tribute to femininity. This paper purposes to critically analyze the manner in which the media commodifies gender roles to promote both the institution of marriage and the wedding industry as a whole. This conceptual paper is compiled on the basis of relevant literature and examines ideas related to gender roles and marriage. The paper contemplates studies conducted by Boden (2001), Engstrom (2008), Chang (2015) and Parker (2016) to unveil a phenomenon that appears simple but exerts an enormous social, economic, and cultural impact. It is found that heterosexual relationships and marriage imply the subordination of women to men through the accomplishment of prescribed stereotypes and social roles. This paper is expected to expand the awareness of the extended implications of the wedding industry in Indonesia.
The Routledge Companion to Global Internet Histories, 2017
I first describe the personal genealogy and then history of what became the biennial conference s... more I first describe the personal genealogy and then history of what became the biennial conference series on "Cultural Attitudes towards Technology and Communication" (CaTaC). The series, begun in 1998, was among the first scholarly efforts to foster critical attention to the rôles of culture and culturally variable norms, practices, and communicative preferences in the design, implementation, and responses to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), especially as connected via the internet. The beginnings of CaTaC in a particular experience of culture shock grounded its defining concerns with recognizing and thereby seeking to overcome ethnocentrisms embedded in both ICT design and research and scholarship on their diffusion and impacts across the globe: such ethnocentrisms could be observed to issue in a 2 "computer-mediated colonization," i.e., processes of cultural homogenization that thus threatened local cultural traditions and diversity. I review highlights and developments across the 16 years of the series, especially as they refract our defining concerns into four thematic foci: embodiment and gender; democracy and freedom of expression; design; and identity and selfhood. On balance, our signature concerns and critical attention to "culture" (an increasingly problematic concept) has become ever more mainstream since 1998: on the other hand, it is also apparent that the factors that incline both designers and scholars towards ethnocentrism remain. Hence our defining efforts to recognize and overcome such ethnocentrism, for the sake of avoiding cultural imperialism of various sorts, remain pressing and salient.
Journal of International and Intercultural Communication
This study discusses how Indonesian gay men use social media platforms to create a queer heteroto... more This study discusses how Indonesian gay men use social media platforms to create a queer heterotopia by practicing disidentification – the process of distancing oneself from an unwanted identity. T...