György Csorba - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by György Csorba
Hadtörténelmi Közlemények, 2023
DRUMMERS IN THE 1848–1849 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE: ORGANISATION, TRAINING, EQUIPMENT Drummers, along... more DRUMMERS IN THE 1848–1849 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE: ORGANISATION, TRAINING, EQUIPMENT
Drummers, along with buglers, were the basis of military communication and command in the warfare of the time. This study describes the tasks of drummers, their training, their numbers and the provision of equipment on the Hungarian side during the War of Independence of 1848–1849.
A peculiarity of the Hungarian War of Independence was that when the Hungarian National Guard and the Honvéd Army were being organised, the Hungarian military leadership continued to use the military sound signals of the Imperial-Royal Army and the principles of employing drummers, so there was no need to accustom already trained soldiers to new signals, and on the other hand, the training of recruits was more efficient and faster with the help of soldiers who had once served in the Imperial Army. However, this sometimes caused confusion between the fighting units.
It is clear from the sources that throughout the entire War of Independence the Hungarian troops were constantly struggling with a shortage of drummers, which they tried to solve primarily with the help of volunteers within the corps, as was customary in the Imperial Army.
The purchase of musical instruments was also a constant problem, which was mostly solved locally due to the lack or operational difficulties of central supply.
Despite all the difficulties, the National Guard and the Honvéd Army were basically successful in ensuring adequate – minimum – numbers, equipment and training of drummers. Their use on the battlefield has been described in an earlier study.
In: „Emlékezzetek róla, ha újra csatára keltek!” Tanulmányok Hermann Róbert 60. születésnapja tiszteletére I. Szerk.: Medgyesy Zsófia és Pászti László. Budapest, 2023. 161–170.
. In: Az Oszmán Birodalom diadala és bukása : Magyar kutatók tanulmányai az oszmán-török történelemről. Szerk.: Frank Tibor. Budapest, 2022. 279-304., 2022
in: Magyar katonák a világ tájain. Szerk.: Ambrus László – Rakita Eszter. Eger, Eszterházy Károly Katolikus Egyetem Líceum Kiadó, 2022. pp. 105-120.
György Csorba: György Kmety in the Service of the Ottoman Empire. Crossroads and Decisions One... more György Csorba: György Kmety in the Service of the Ottoman Empire. Crossroads and Decisions
One of the most talented generals of the Hungarian War of Independence of 1848–1849, György Kmety, fled to the Ottoman Empire where, similarly to Józef Bem, converted to Islam and joined the Turkish army. The paper discusses Kmety’s service in the Ottoman army, emphasizing three major events. First, the period of Kmety’s time in Aleppo, when he helped suppress the riots of 1850. Then, in 1851, Kmety was discharged from military service and left for London, only to return when the Crimean War broke out. He then entered into the service of the Ottoman Empire with other Hungarian and Polish officers on the Anatolian front. His most notable deed was in connection with repelling the Russian attack on Kars on September 29, 1855. Kmety published a dry military memorandum about the event, which provoked a debate in the British press at the time, since Kmety accused the English commander of the defense with trivializing Kmety’s role, and of making several strategic mistakes. The paper focuses on Kmety’s less known role in defusing the Druze‑Maronite conflict in Lebanon in 1860, where he was involved in the political games of the great powers. It also attempts to find an answer to the question why Kmety did not join the Hungarian forces in Italy.
Hadtörténelmi Közlemények, 134 (2021):2. 383–415.
DRUMMERS, TRUMPETERS AND THE APPLICATION OF MILITARY ORCHESTRAS AT THE BATTLEFIELD OF THE WAR FOR... more DRUMMERS, TRUMPETERS AND THE APPLICATION OF MILITARY ORCHESTRAS AT THE BATTLEFIELD OF THE WAR FOR FREEDOM IN 1848–1849
The research article introduces the application of the musicians and military orchestras serving in the Home Defence Forces of the Hungarian War for Independence of 1848–1849 at the battlefield. The Hungarian military, due to the shortness of the time, did not elaborate a new system of military tunes, but adapted the system of the Austrian Imperial Army. Indeed, the activities of the drummers and trumpeters were part of the routine so much that sources scarcely mention them. However, the contemporaries found military musicians worth mentioning when they were applied in some extraordinary situation, for example, when some confusion evolved at the battlefield. Beyond the traditional system of mediating orders or battlefield communication, drum and trumpet signs were also often used to deceive the enemy: in the case of deceiving moves, the musicians were often marching up and down the battlefield, showing a much larger number of soldiers to the enemy, but the application of false retreat or attack signs was also a very widespread method. Applying these techniques in the appropriate moment, serious tactical successes could be achieved, so the activity of the military musicians can be interpreted as a weapon in itself. In rarer cases, the activity of the musicians could even change the result of the battle, as the breakthrough of Braniskom of 5 February 1849 shows a very good example. The military orchestras encouraged the soldiers by playing the quasi-official march of the war for independence, the Rákóczi March. The drummers and trumpeters also played an important role in applying military law: they were part of the so-called process of ‘parliamenting’ to which we may also find several examples from the history of the war for freedom.
In: Sultan II. Adbulhamid ve Osmanlı Moderneleşmesi. Cilt I. Haırlayanlar: Prof. Dr. A. Melek Özyetgin, Prof. Dr. Vahdettin Engin, Prof. Dr. Davut Hut, Dr. Ayşe Ersay Yüksel, Elif Tuğçe Kurt, Gökhan Açıklel. Sultan II. Adbulhamit Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, İstanbul, 2022. 141–148., 2022
General Artúr Görgei’s (1818–1916) role in the Hungarian War of Independence, and the baseless ac... more General Artúr Görgei’s (1818–1916) role in the Hungarian War of Independence, and the baseless accusations of betrayal he had to endure until the end of his life, and even longer, are all well known to professional audiences and laypeople alike. This study aims to examine and interpret the changes in Görgei’s perception in lawmaking from 1861, the first national assembly after Hungary’s defeat in the War of Independence, to 1990, the end of communism in Hungary. In the era of dualism Görgei’s name meant more than itself in the opposition’s political discourse: it was a synonym of betrayal, a trope that everyone understood, along with the betrayal at Világos, and everyone could decode its message. The opposition categorically refused the Austro-Hungarian Compromise and equated the politics of the Tisza government with the accusations of betrayal and false myths around the late commander. With the passing of time after the Compromise, as most figures of the War of Independence died, t...
Pro Minoritate, 2021
Konstantinápolyban a 19. század derekán kezdett kialakulni egy nagyobb számú magyar közösség, ame... more Konstantinápolyban a 19. század derekán kezdett kialakulni egy nagyobb számú magyar közösség, amelynek növekedéséhez erőteljesen járultak hozzá az 1848–1849-es menekültek, majd a későbbi évtizedekben különböző gazdasági-társadalmi okokból érkező bevándorlók. A korabeli szóhasználattal a magyar kolónia vagy gyarmat nemzeti-kulturális-társadalmi összefogásának, érdekképviseletének legfontosabb szervezete a – nevében többször változó – Konstantinápolyi Magyar Egylet lett, melynek – megszakításokkal, hullámvölgyekkel terhelt – több mint 110 éves működése kiválóan leképezi a magyar történelem fordulatos korszakait, összefonódik a magyar külpolitika aktuális érdekeivel és a török–magyar kapcsolatok súlyával. Tanulmányunkban ennek a szervezetnek a történetét és működését igyekszünk bemutatni.
Hungarian Heroes of Kars. Studies to the Exhibion. Ed.: Radnóti, Klára. , 2021
György Kmety in the Kars war zone; Testing the myth – who was the Ismail Pasha on Roger Fenton’s ... more György Kmety in the Kars war zone;
Testing the myth – who was the Ismail Pasha on Roger Fenton’s photographs?
Pro Minoritate, 2021
Hungarians in the Gates of the East. The History of the Society of Hungarians in Constantinople (... more Hungarians in the Gates of the East. The History of the Society of Hungarians in Constantinople (1850–1961)
In the middle of the 19th century, a larger Hungarian community began to take shape in Constantinople, the growth of which was based on the refugees of the 1848–1849 revolution and then by the immigrants who came in later decades for various socio-economic reasons. Though changing its name several times, the Society of Hungarians in Constantinople became the most important organization for national, cultural and social cooperation and representation of the interests of the Hungarian, to use terminology of the time, „colony” or „settlement”. Burdened by suspensions and other rough periods, its hundred and ten years of operation perfectly reflects the turns of Hungarian history and is intertwined with the momentary interests of Hungarian foreign policy and the significance of Turkish–Hungarian relations. The study presents the history and operation of this organization, which has hardly been researched so far, through Hungarian and Turkish sources, newspaper articles, and recollections of people who had visited the „Hungarian Club”.
In: Kars’ın Macar Kahramanları. Sergi Kataloğu. Ed.: Radnóti, Klára. Budapeşte, 2021
Aetas, 2018
From traitor to national hero: The perception of Artúr Görgei at the national assemblies, 1861–19... more From traitor to national hero: The perception of Artúr Görgei at the national assemblies, 1861–1990
General Artúr Görgei’s (1818–1916) role in the Hungarian War of Independence, and the baseless accusations of betrayal he had to endure until the end of his life, and even longer, are all well known to professional audiences and laypeople alike. This study aims to examine and interpret the changes in Görgei’s perception in lawmaking from 1861, the first national assembly after Hungary’s defeat in the War of Independence, to 1990, the end of communism in Hungary. In the era of dualism Görgei’s name meant more than itself in the opposition’s political discourse: it was a synonym of betrayal, a trope that everyone understood, along with the betrayal at Világos, and everyone could decode its message. The opposition categorically refused the Austro-Hungarian Compromise and equated the politics of the Tisza government with the accusations of betrayal and false myths around the late commander. With the passing of time after the Compromise, as most figures of the War of Independence died, the accusations of betrayal got rarer, and a calm, impartial approach became prevalent.
Görgei’s place in national memory changed drastically between the two World Wars, the accusations of betrayal died off. His merits as a commander and exemplary behavior were already respected in the era of dualism, and between the World Wars, his role and merits as a soldier became indisputable in the national assembly.
After World War II his name wasn’t mentioned a single time until the Regime Change, which might seem like a missed opportunity in the creation of the totalitarian system since the traitor myth was renewed and raised into official ideology status by the communists. In about 75 years the perception of Artúr Görgei’s historical role changed from traitor to national hero in the national assembly.
Türkiye’de Kitap Koleksiyonerleri ve Sahaflar II. Derleyen ve yayına hazırlayan: Rıfat N. Bali. Istanbul,, 2020
Prof. Dr. Melek Çolak Armağanı, 2020
Lipót Mosony, Imre Karácson’un beklenmedik ölümünün ardından Macar kültür siyasetçileri tarafınd... more Lipót Mosony, Imre Karácson’un beklenmedik ölümünün ardından Macar kültür siyasetçileri tarafından Osmanlı başkentine gönderilmişti. Karácson’un yaptığı araştırmalar, 19. yüzyıldan Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonuna kadar sürmüş olan dönemin İstanbul’daki Macar arşiv çalışmalarının doruk noktasını oluşturmakla birlikte, birçok yayının hayata geçirilmesinde de önemli rol oynamıştır. Düzenli arşiv çalışmalarının en etkin destekleyicisi ve organizatörü, aynı zamanda Avusturya-Macaristan’ın Balkan politikasında da etkili olan Balkan uzmanı tarihçi Lajos Thallóczy idi. Thallóczy kendi seçtiği bilim adamlarından sadece bilimsel araştırmalarında değil, Macar kültür politikasının hedeflerine ulaşabilmesi adına, önde gelen Türk siyasetçileriyle iyi ilişkiler kurmaları hususunda da aktif olmalarını istiyordu. Balkan Savaşları nedeniyle Karácson’un ölümünün ardından yeni birisinin atanması bir süreliğe askıya alınmış olsa da, Thallóczy’nin inisiyatifiyle yine bir bilim adamı olan Lipót Dangelmayer (Mosony), tam da Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın patlak verdiği zaman İstanbul’a gönderilmişti. Makalemiz, Mosony’nin özellikle Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun yaşadığı Cihan Harbi koşulları içerisinde bu güne kadar tümüyle bilinmeyen bilimsel ve kültür siyaseti alanındaki çalışmalarını ortaya koymayı hedeflenmektedir.
![Research paper thumbnail of AZ 1850. ÉVI ALEPPÓI ZAVARGÁSOK ÉS A MAGYAR EMIGRÁNSOK SZEREPE [The 1850 Events in Aleppo and the Role of the Hungarian Emigrants]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61583336/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](In: Orientalista Nap 2004, (Szerk. Birtalan Ágnes – Yamaji Masanori.) , 2004
Hadtörténelmi Közlemények, 2023
DRUMMERS IN THE 1848–1849 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE: ORGANISATION, TRAINING, EQUIPMENT Drummers, along... more DRUMMERS IN THE 1848–1849 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE: ORGANISATION, TRAINING, EQUIPMENT
Drummers, along with buglers, were the basis of military communication and command in the warfare of the time. This study describes the tasks of drummers, their training, their numbers and the provision of equipment on the Hungarian side during the War of Independence of 1848–1849.
A peculiarity of the Hungarian War of Independence was that when the Hungarian National Guard and the Honvéd Army were being organised, the Hungarian military leadership continued to use the military sound signals of the Imperial-Royal Army and the principles of employing drummers, so there was no need to accustom already trained soldiers to new signals, and on the other hand, the training of recruits was more efficient and faster with the help of soldiers who had once served in the Imperial Army. However, this sometimes caused confusion between the fighting units.
It is clear from the sources that throughout the entire War of Independence the Hungarian troops were constantly struggling with a shortage of drummers, which they tried to solve primarily with the help of volunteers within the corps, as was customary in the Imperial Army.
The purchase of musical instruments was also a constant problem, which was mostly solved locally due to the lack or operational difficulties of central supply.
Despite all the difficulties, the National Guard and the Honvéd Army were basically successful in ensuring adequate – minimum – numbers, equipment and training of drummers. Their use on the battlefield has been described in an earlier study.
In: „Emlékezzetek róla, ha újra csatára keltek!” Tanulmányok Hermann Róbert 60. születésnapja tiszteletére I. Szerk.: Medgyesy Zsófia és Pászti László. Budapest, 2023. 161–170.
. In: Az Oszmán Birodalom diadala és bukása : Magyar kutatók tanulmányai az oszmán-török történelemről. Szerk.: Frank Tibor. Budapest, 2022. 279-304., 2022
in: Magyar katonák a világ tájain. Szerk.: Ambrus László – Rakita Eszter. Eger, Eszterházy Károly Katolikus Egyetem Líceum Kiadó, 2022. pp. 105-120.
György Csorba: György Kmety in the Service of the Ottoman Empire. Crossroads and Decisions One... more György Csorba: György Kmety in the Service of the Ottoman Empire. Crossroads and Decisions
One of the most talented generals of the Hungarian War of Independence of 1848–1849, György Kmety, fled to the Ottoman Empire where, similarly to Józef Bem, converted to Islam and joined the Turkish army. The paper discusses Kmety’s service in the Ottoman army, emphasizing three major events. First, the period of Kmety’s time in Aleppo, when he helped suppress the riots of 1850. Then, in 1851, Kmety was discharged from military service and left for London, only to return when the Crimean War broke out. He then entered into the service of the Ottoman Empire with other Hungarian and Polish officers on the Anatolian front. His most notable deed was in connection with repelling the Russian attack on Kars on September 29, 1855. Kmety published a dry military memorandum about the event, which provoked a debate in the British press at the time, since Kmety accused the English commander of the defense with trivializing Kmety’s role, and of making several strategic mistakes. The paper focuses on Kmety’s less known role in defusing the Druze‑Maronite conflict in Lebanon in 1860, where he was involved in the political games of the great powers. It also attempts to find an answer to the question why Kmety did not join the Hungarian forces in Italy.
Hadtörténelmi Közlemények, 134 (2021):2. 383–415.
DRUMMERS, TRUMPETERS AND THE APPLICATION OF MILITARY ORCHESTRAS AT THE BATTLEFIELD OF THE WAR FOR... more DRUMMERS, TRUMPETERS AND THE APPLICATION OF MILITARY ORCHESTRAS AT THE BATTLEFIELD OF THE WAR FOR FREEDOM IN 1848–1849
The research article introduces the application of the musicians and military orchestras serving in the Home Defence Forces of the Hungarian War for Independence of 1848–1849 at the battlefield. The Hungarian military, due to the shortness of the time, did not elaborate a new system of military tunes, but adapted the system of the Austrian Imperial Army. Indeed, the activities of the drummers and trumpeters were part of the routine so much that sources scarcely mention them. However, the contemporaries found military musicians worth mentioning when they were applied in some extraordinary situation, for example, when some confusion evolved at the battlefield. Beyond the traditional system of mediating orders or battlefield communication, drum and trumpet signs were also often used to deceive the enemy: in the case of deceiving moves, the musicians were often marching up and down the battlefield, showing a much larger number of soldiers to the enemy, but the application of false retreat or attack signs was also a very widespread method. Applying these techniques in the appropriate moment, serious tactical successes could be achieved, so the activity of the military musicians can be interpreted as a weapon in itself. In rarer cases, the activity of the musicians could even change the result of the battle, as the breakthrough of Braniskom of 5 February 1849 shows a very good example. The military orchestras encouraged the soldiers by playing the quasi-official march of the war for independence, the Rákóczi March. The drummers and trumpeters also played an important role in applying military law: they were part of the so-called process of ‘parliamenting’ to which we may also find several examples from the history of the war for freedom.
In: Sultan II. Adbulhamid ve Osmanlı Moderneleşmesi. Cilt I. Haırlayanlar: Prof. Dr. A. Melek Özyetgin, Prof. Dr. Vahdettin Engin, Prof. Dr. Davut Hut, Dr. Ayşe Ersay Yüksel, Elif Tuğçe Kurt, Gökhan Açıklel. Sultan II. Adbulhamit Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, İstanbul, 2022. 141–148., 2022
General Artúr Görgei’s (1818–1916) role in the Hungarian War of Independence, and the baseless ac... more General Artúr Görgei’s (1818–1916) role in the Hungarian War of Independence, and the baseless accusations of betrayal he had to endure until the end of his life, and even longer, are all well known to professional audiences and laypeople alike. This study aims to examine and interpret the changes in Görgei’s perception in lawmaking from 1861, the first national assembly after Hungary’s defeat in the War of Independence, to 1990, the end of communism in Hungary. In the era of dualism Görgei’s name meant more than itself in the opposition’s political discourse: it was a synonym of betrayal, a trope that everyone understood, along with the betrayal at Világos, and everyone could decode its message. The opposition categorically refused the Austro-Hungarian Compromise and equated the politics of the Tisza government with the accusations of betrayal and false myths around the late commander. With the passing of time after the Compromise, as most figures of the War of Independence died, t...
Pro Minoritate, 2021
Konstantinápolyban a 19. század derekán kezdett kialakulni egy nagyobb számú magyar közösség, ame... more Konstantinápolyban a 19. század derekán kezdett kialakulni egy nagyobb számú magyar közösség, amelynek növekedéséhez erőteljesen járultak hozzá az 1848–1849-es menekültek, majd a későbbi évtizedekben különböző gazdasági-társadalmi okokból érkező bevándorlók. A korabeli szóhasználattal a magyar kolónia vagy gyarmat nemzeti-kulturális-társadalmi összefogásának, érdekképviseletének legfontosabb szervezete a – nevében többször változó – Konstantinápolyi Magyar Egylet lett, melynek – megszakításokkal, hullámvölgyekkel terhelt – több mint 110 éves működése kiválóan leképezi a magyar történelem fordulatos korszakait, összefonódik a magyar külpolitika aktuális érdekeivel és a török–magyar kapcsolatok súlyával. Tanulmányunkban ennek a szervezetnek a történetét és működését igyekszünk bemutatni.
Hungarian Heroes of Kars. Studies to the Exhibion. Ed.: Radnóti, Klára. , 2021
György Kmety in the Kars war zone; Testing the myth – who was the Ismail Pasha on Roger Fenton’s ... more György Kmety in the Kars war zone;
Testing the myth – who was the Ismail Pasha on Roger Fenton’s photographs?
Pro Minoritate, 2021
Hungarians in the Gates of the East. The History of the Society of Hungarians in Constantinople (... more Hungarians in the Gates of the East. The History of the Society of Hungarians in Constantinople (1850–1961)
In the middle of the 19th century, a larger Hungarian community began to take shape in Constantinople, the growth of which was based on the refugees of the 1848–1849 revolution and then by the immigrants who came in later decades for various socio-economic reasons. Though changing its name several times, the Society of Hungarians in Constantinople became the most important organization for national, cultural and social cooperation and representation of the interests of the Hungarian, to use terminology of the time, „colony” or „settlement”. Burdened by suspensions and other rough periods, its hundred and ten years of operation perfectly reflects the turns of Hungarian history and is intertwined with the momentary interests of Hungarian foreign policy and the significance of Turkish–Hungarian relations. The study presents the history and operation of this organization, which has hardly been researched so far, through Hungarian and Turkish sources, newspaper articles, and recollections of people who had visited the „Hungarian Club”.
In: Kars’ın Macar Kahramanları. Sergi Kataloğu. Ed.: Radnóti, Klára. Budapeşte, 2021
Aetas, 2018
From traitor to national hero: The perception of Artúr Görgei at the national assemblies, 1861–19... more From traitor to national hero: The perception of Artúr Görgei at the national assemblies, 1861–1990
General Artúr Görgei’s (1818–1916) role in the Hungarian War of Independence, and the baseless accusations of betrayal he had to endure until the end of his life, and even longer, are all well known to professional audiences and laypeople alike. This study aims to examine and interpret the changes in Görgei’s perception in lawmaking from 1861, the first national assembly after Hungary’s defeat in the War of Independence, to 1990, the end of communism in Hungary. In the era of dualism Görgei’s name meant more than itself in the opposition’s political discourse: it was a synonym of betrayal, a trope that everyone understood, along with the betrayal at Világos, and everyone could decode its message. The opposition categorically refused the Austro-Hungarian Compromise and equated the politics of the Tisza government with the accusations of betrayal and false myths around the late commander. With the passing of time after the Compromise, as most figures of the War of Independence died, the accusations of betrayal got rarer, and a calm, impartial approach became prevalent.
Görgei’s place in national memory changed drastically between the two World Wars, the accusations of betrayal died off. His merits as a commander and exemplary behavior were already respected in the era of dualism, and between the World Wars, his role and merits as a soldier became indisputable in the national assembly.
After World War II his name wasn’t mentioned a single time until the Regime Change, which might seem like a missed opportunity in the creation of the totalitarian system since the traitor myth was renewed and raised into official ideology status by the communists. In about 75 years the perception of Artúr Görgei’s historical role changed from traitor to national hero in the national assembly.
Türkiye’de Kitap Koleksiyonerleri ve Sahaflar II. Derleyen ve yayına hazırlayan: Rıfat N. Bali. Istanbul,, 2020
Prof. Dr. Melek Çolak Armağanı, 2020
Lipót Mosony, Imre Karácson’un beklenmedik ölümünün ardından Macar kültür siyasetçileri tarafınd... more Lipót Mosony, Imre Karácson’un beklenmedik ölümünün ardından Macar kültür siyasetçileri tarafından Osmanlı başkentine gönderilmişti. Karácson’un yaptığı araştırmalar, 19. yüzyıldan Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonuna kadar sürmüş olan dönemin İstanbul’daki Macar arşiv çalışmalarının doruk noktasını oluşturmakla birlikte, birçok yayının hayata geçirilmesinde de önemli rol oynamıştır. Düzenli arşiv çalışmalarının en etkin destekleyicisi ve organizatörü, aynı zamanda Avusturya-Macaristan’ın Balkan politikasında da etkili olan Balkan uzmanı tarihçi Lajos Thallóczy idi. Thallóczy kendi seçtiği bilim adamlarından sadece bilimsel araştırmalarında değil, Macar kültür politikasının hedeflerine ulaşabilmesi adına, önde gelen Türk siyasetçileriyle iyi ilişkiler kurmaları hususunda da aktif olmalarını istiyordu. Balkan Savaşları nedeniyle Karácson’un ölümünün ardından yeni birisinin atanması bir süreliğe askıya alınmış olsa da, Thallóczy’nin inisiyatifiyle yine bir bilim adamı olan Lipót Dangelmayer (Mosony), tam da Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın patlak verdiği zaman İstanbul’a gönderilmişti. Makalemiz, Mosony’nin özellikle Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun yaşadığı Cihan Harbi koşulları içerisinde bu güne kadar tümüyle bilinmeyen bilimsel ve kültür siyaseti alanındaki çalışmalarını ortaya koymayı hedeflenmektedir.
In: Orientalista Nap 2004, (Szerk. Birtalan Ágnes – Yamaji Masanori.) , 2004
Hadtörténelmi Közlemények, 2013
Szemle 922 szerint " francia sorgyalogosokat " , míg a magyar fordítás szerint " francia könnyűgy... more Szemle 922 szerint " francia sorgyalogosokat " , míg a magyar fordítás szerint " francia könnyűgyalogosokat " áb-rázol; végül a XVI. tábla a felirat szerint az " 5. tábori tüzérezredet " ábrázolja, míg a fordítás szerint osztrák tüzéreket tüzelőállásban egy 12 fontos ágyúval. A fentiektől függetlenül a recenzens csak ajánlani tudja ezt a gazdagon illusztrált, olvasmányos, kiváló minőségű könyvet mindazoknak, akik Komárom történetének eme sorsfordító éveiről akar-nak minden korábbinál részletesebb ismereteket szerezni. Kemény Krisztián CANDAN BADEM the ottomAn crimeAn WAr (1853–1856) the ottoman empire and its heritage series (The Netherlands: Brill, Leiden, 2010. 432 o.) Badem monográfiája több szempontból is egyedülálló kötet. Ez az első török szerző által írt mű, amelyik komparatív módon – túllépve az egyoldalú török megközelítésen – írja meg a krími háború történetét, ugyanakkor a témáról szóló szakirodalommal ellentétben, az Oszmán Birodalom szere-pére koncentrál. Unikális azért is, mert az eddigi kutatásokban lényegében teljesen figyelmen kívül hagyták az oszmán levéltári forrásokat, melyekből a szerző sokat merít; de – meg is jegyzi – török létére még ő sem tudott bejutni minden hazai levéltárba; ugyanakkor orosz és angol levéltári forrá-sokat is felhasznál művében. Végül, túllépve a hagyományos hadtörténeten, a háború gazdasági és társadalmi hatásaival is részletesen foglalkozik. Az első fejezetben a szerző a szakirodalmat elemezve különösen kritikus hangnemet üt meg az eddig megjelent török munkákkal szemben, amelyek sokszor csak nyugati művekből vesznek át részeket – azokat is sok hibával. Külön áttekintést ad Badem az orosz és a rendkívül gazdag angol nyelvű irodalomról is, kiemelve azokat, amelyek részletesebben tárgyalják az Oszmán Birodalom szerepét. A második fejezetben a háború kirobbanásának okairól olvashatunk. Elsőként az Oszmán Bi-rodalom helyzetét elemzi, bemutatva katonai erejét is, összevetve az orosz hadsereggel. Röviden, nagyhatalmanként összegzi az egyes országok politikai érdekeit és befolyását az oszmán döntés-hozásban. A háború kirobbanásának folyamatánál a közismert események bemutatásán túl a szerző számos török forrással árnyalja az oszmán kormánykörök megosztottságát, bizonytalanságát és döntéseik hátterét. A leghosszabb, a kötet majdnem felét kitevő harmadik fejezetben tárgyalja Badem a háború ka-tonai és diplomáciai eseményeit. A Porta 1853. október 4-én deklarálta a háborút Oroszországgal. Az orosz szakirodalomban gyakran előforduló állítás, hogy az oszmánok által az orosz dunai hadak parancsnokának átadott, a román fejedelemségekből kivonulásukat követelő ultimátum határidejé-nek lejárta előtt támadták meg a cári állásokat. A szerző szerint azonban Ömer pasa október 8-án átadott ultimátumát az oroszok 10-én visszautasították, így nem sértették meg a hadijogot, amikor az oszmán tüzérség október 21-én orosz hajókra nyitott tüzet a Dunán. A nyugati szakirodalomban méltatlanul mellőzött dunai front eseményeinek bemutatásával folytatódik a mű, ahol az oszmánok 1853-ban szép sikereket értek el. A szinopi tengeri ütközet leírásának tág teret ad a szerző, mivel ez egyrészt lényegében kiik-tatta a háborúból az oszmán flottát, másrészt döntő szerepe volt a szövetségesek hadba lépésének. Az oszmán tengeri haderő felkészültségben és tűzerőben eleve alul maradt a fekete-tengeri orosz flottával szemben, ráadásul tovább gyengítette őket a vezetők rivalizálása, nem beszélve arról, hogy sok tengerésztiszt valójában semmiféle képzettséggel sem rendelkezett. Szinopnál az oszmánoknak
21-st Century Studies in Humanities, 2020
The story of the Köpe family begins in the Tanzimat era, a period of Westernizing reforms in the ... more The story of the Köpe family begins in the Tanzimat era, a period of Westernizing reforms in the Empire, when the path of András Köpe and Léocadie Tallibart intersected in Constantinople. Born and raised in a village near the city of Brassó, in Hungarian Transylvania, András Köpe fled to the Ottoman capital due to pressure from the Austrian Empire. Léocadie Tallibart, whose family was from Brittany, was in the city accompanying her two brothers; Louis, a watchmaker and jeweller, and Pierre, an architect. The couple married in 1842 and later took over the watch and jewellery shop, which was once situated in the district of Karaköy. In 1882, their second child, Charles, married Rose-Marie Marcopoli, who was coming from a Levantine family of Genoese origin in Trabzon. They had six children with Charles: Charlotte, Ida, Taïb, Ferdinand, Antoine and Eugène.
As multicultural members of a multi-ethnic empire with Hungarian and French origins, the lives of the Köpe family and the documents they left behind testify to a moment in time when subjecthood and citizenship were not categorized within stable definitions of nationhood, but also to another era, when nationalism and racism was on the rise.