Hamid Hassan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Hamid Hassan

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of Leadership Style in Big Five Personality Dimensions

Universal journal of management, Apr 1, 2016

This study addresses the inconsistency of contemporary literature on defining the link between le... more This study addresses the inconsistency of contemporary literature on defining the link between leadership styles and personality traits. The plethora of literature on personality traits has culminated into symbolic big five personality dimensions but there is still a dearth of research on developing representative leadership styles despite the perennial fascination with the subject. Absence of an unequivocal model for developing representative styles in conjunction with the use of several non-mutually exclusive existing leadership styles has created a discrepancy in developing a coherent link between leadership and personality. This study sums up 39 different styles of leadership into five distinct representative styles on the basis of similar theoretical underpinnings and common characteristics to explore how each of these five representative leadership style relates to personality dimensions proposed by big five model.

Research paper thumbnail of Connecting the Post-Training Task and Contextual Performance with the Essentials of Training Program and Characteristics of Trainees

International journal of business and management, Mar 15, 2016

A successful training program leads to improved performance; however, lack of evaluation on what ... more A successful training program leads to improved performance; however, lack of evaluation on what makes a training program effective yet puzzles managers. It is imperative to know which elements of a training program and individual characteristics of a trainee impact the employees' performance in order to realize prolific returns from this expensive investment. This study reviews three training elements namely the duration, methodology and area and two individual characteristics: education level and experience of a trainee to assess their impact on task and contextual dimensions of performance. Results support a positive impact of duration and on the job training methodology for resultant performance of employees with better level of education. Experience of trainees have a significant effect on contextual performance while no effect on task performance of employees.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Representative Leadership Styles on the Composition of Organization Commitment with the Facilitating Role of Organizational Maturity

International Business Research, Mar 6, 2016

This study proposes a framework to explore the effect of leadership styles in defining the compos... more This study proposes a framework to explore the effect of leadership styles in defining the composition of Organizational Commitment (OC) along effective, normative and continuance dimension. To bring in a more logical choice of leadership styles, limited numbers of representative leadership styles are derived from the long list of styles presented in the contemporary literature. Higher level of organizational maturity is proposed to facilitate the role of leadership style in shaping the composition of OC in three different dimensions. Organizational Maturity is measured by Capability Maturity Model (CMM), stage of Organization Life Cycle and specificity of Organizational Culture. Results support that a more persuasive and participative leadership style enhance the affective and normative commitment while continuance dimension of commitment is maintained under authoritative and unilateral style of leadership.

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Islamic Banking Customers of Pakistan

Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS ), 2021

This study aims to analyze the impact of corporate social responsibility on trust level of custom... more This study aims to analyze the impact of corporate social responsibility on trust level of customers in the Islamic banking industry of Pakistan. The impact of trust is further studied on customers’ repurchase intentions and their word of mouth intentions. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the customers of five different banks offering Islamic banking services in Pakistan. In order to explain the relationship between variables the model was tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS. Empirical results from this study show that CSR is positively related to customer trust, repurchase intentions and word of mouth intentions in the Islamic banking industry. The findings prove that hypothesized model fit reasonably well based on comparison fit indices. The study adds valuable insights to CSR related research in South Asia and particularly focuses on the factors that influence perceptions and behaviors of Islamic banking customers.

Research paper thumbnail of Entrepreneurships Role in Enhancing the Productivity and Sustainability of Pakistan

Global Regional Review, 2019

This paper explores the emerging trend of entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship globally a... more This paper explores the emerging trend of entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship globally as well as in Pakistan. It discusses, how entrepreneurship playsa central role in economic progression for developed countries like the United States and how it has the potential to play a pivotal role in the case of a developing country like Pakistan. According to various studies, Pakistan with the 175 million population is the 6th most populated county globally, having 60 percent of its population under the age of 25 years. A well trained, educated and entrepreneurial oriented population can be an asset for a developing economy. Literature has reviewed, discussed and pointed out main issues, difficulties, and opportunities about entrepreneurship in Pakistan; presents a working model of entrepreneurship that can foster entrepreneurship. Therefore, a conceptual framework is developed which further can be tested empirically. This study presents entrepreneurship as a way forward for the nat...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Representative Leadership Styles on the Composition of Organization Commitment with the Facilitating Role of Organizational Maturity

International Business Research, 2016

This study proposes a framework to explore the effect of leadership styles in defining the compos... more This study proposes a framework to explore the effect of leadership styles in defining the composition of Organizational Commitment (OC) along effective, normative and continuance dimension. To bring in a more logical choice of leadership styles, limited numbers of representative leadership styles are derived from the long list of styles presented in the contemporary literature. Higher level of organizational maturity is proposed to facilitate the role of leadership style in shaping the composition of OC in three different dimensions. Organizational Maturity is measured by Capability Maturity Model (CMM), stage of Organization Life Cycle and specificity of Organizational Culture. Results support that a more persuasive and participative leadership style enhance the affective and normative commitment while continuance dimension of commitment is maintained under authoritative and unilateral style of leadership.

Research paper thumbnail of Career Path Decisions and Sustainable Options

Sustainability

Career planning has become more important than standalone job decisions in the current environmen... more Career planning has become more important than standalone job decisions in the current environment, where individuals have a wider range of choices of occupations and jobs than ever before. This paper reviews the theoretical developments in career guidance theory and recommends a holistic approach towards ‘Career Path Guidance’, incorporating psychological, sociological and developmental perspectives. An approach that considers several future steps in a career cannot be without challenges. The contextual and environmental situations along with individual characteristics are subject to change along a career path. Additionally, different stages in a career path are another variable that needs consideration to achieve a sustainable future. It has, therefore, been proposed that the career course be mapped by considering external factors, internal improvements and path-related dynamism. A multidimensional understanding of career guidance and the amount, complexity and sensitivity of the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Making Leaders’ and Followers’ Relationship Sustainable: The Impact of Leaders’ Behavioral Integrity on Employees’ Voice in the Banking Sector of Pakistan

Sustainability, 2021

The behavioural integrity of leaders is not only an individual trait that can earn them respect i... more The behavioural integrity of leaders is not only an individual trait that can earn them respect in their personal capacity, but it also may positively affect their followers and ultimately improve the organization’s effectiveness in a variety of ways. The relationship between behavioural integrity and employees using their voice has been studied by researchers through multiple aspects. This study brings a new perspective in this discussion by investigating the effect of leaders’ behavioural integrity on employees’ voice both directly and through the mediating roles of psychological safety and trust in the leader. The cross-sectional data of 384 employees collected from the banking sector in Pakistan is used to shed light on this new perspective in the relationship between the behavioural integrity of a leader and employees’ comportment in using their voice. The results of the empirical analyses support the direct effect of the behavioural integrity of leaders on employees’ voice. A ...

Research paper thumbnail of Long-Term Employment Contracts in Japanese Companies and the Corporate Profitability in the Post Economic Bubble Era

Social Science Research Network, 2009

ABSTRACT The long-term employment contracts that helped to explain the once superior performance ... more ABSTRACT The long-term employment contracts that helped to explain the once superior performance Japanese companies have come under pressure after the burst of the economic bubble in Japan after 1990. A large number of long-tenured, highly paid employees can become a financial burden for a company. Though companies have been reluctant to change this traditional structure, an adverse economic environment made it difficult for the system to fulfill its functional prerequisites. This analysis of 156 electronics companies in Japan confirms that the presence of long-term employment system during an economic slowdown can have a negative effect on corporate profitability.

Research paper thumbnail of Autocratic, Democratic, Transformational and Charismatic Leadership Styles and Contingency of Different Performance Outcomes in SMEs

Journal of Business & Tourism

We analyze four different leadership styles from multiple dimensions to find out the suitability ... more We analyze four different leadership styles from multiple dimensions to find out the suitability of these styles for the leaders working in Pakistani small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Theoretically, it is an additional perspective in the debate on effectiveness of different leadership styles in different environments for different purposes. It starts with analyzing contemporary theories of leadership and their derivative styles. Next, it discusses the major aspects of organizational environment coming from the broader culture of a country. Subsequently, it tries to provide a more balanced view in the debate on cause and effect of leadership styles and their effectiveness in specific organizational culture. In the empirical analyses the study analyzes the productivity, acceptance and sustainable success of different leadership styles in the organizations working in Pakistan. The data is collected both from business leaders and their relevant followers. The findings of study explai...

Research paper thumbnail of Transitions in Japanese Employment model: Causes and consequences of changes in the Japanese employment model in the post economic-bubble era

Research paper thumbnail of Changing Value of Lifetime Employment for the Company

Research paper thumbnail of Moral Awareness: A Source of Improved Sustainable Performance

Sustainability

Despite the increasing realization of the significance of work ethics and moral awareness (MA) in... more Despite the increasing realization of the significance of work ethics and moral awareness (MA) in businesses after mega scandals, such as those of Enron and Tyco, few studies have investigated the relationship between MA and employees’ performance and the intermediate mechanisms that explain this relationship. This study proposes that as employees’ work ethics are calibrated through ethical training, their MA increases, in turn affecting employees’ job performance. This experimental study is aimed at investigating the impact of MA, increased through ethical training, on employees’ job performance. Based on institutional theory, the multidimensional work ethic profile (MWEP) and strategic human resource management literature, it is hypothesized that MA of employees’ is positively correlated with employees’ performance and that this relationship is moderated by the age, gender and education level of the employees. In particular, the moral awareness component of ethical decision-making...

Research paper thumbnail of Long-Term Employment Contracts in Japanese Companies and the Corporate Profitability in the Post Economic Bubble Era

The long-term employment contracts that helped to explain the once superior performance Japanese ... more The long-term employment contracts that helped to explain the once superior performance Japanese companies have come under pressure after the burst of the economic bubble in Japan after 1990. A large number of long-tenured, highly paid employees can become a financial burden for a company. Though companies have been reluctant to change this traditional structure, an adverse economic environment made it difficult for the system to fulfill its functional prerequisites. This analysis of 156 electronics companies in Japan confirms that the presence of long-term employment system during an economic slowdown can have a negative effect on corporate profitability.

Research paper thumbnail of U-1 The performance impacts of option plans in Japan

Research paper thumbnail of Supervisor bottom-line mentality, workaholism, and workplace cheating behavior: the moderating effect of employee entitlement

Ethics & Behavior

Studies on bottom-line mentality (BLM) suggest that an exclusive focus on bottom-line outcomes ha... more Studies on bottom-line mentality (BLM) suggest that an exclusive focus on bottom-line outcomes has detrimental consequences; however, it is not clear when this leads to negative outcomes. This stud...

Research paper thumbnail of Perception of Justice and Trust in Software Industry of Pakistan

Journal of Management and Research

The present study concentrates on how organizational justice influences trust and performance of ... more The present study concentrates on how organizational justice influences trust and performance of employees in an organization. Trust level of employees is affected by how employees perceive justice in organizations and hence, it also affects the performance of the organization. It may be inferred that trust is a vital component in mediating the connection of organizational justice and organizational performance. The industry used for the present research is the software industry of Pakistan. A structured questionnaire was sent to 350 employees, randomly selected, working in various software firms in Punjab, Pakistan. Structural Equation Modeling-AMOS was applied for analyzing the data. The findings from the research revealed that trust played a strong mediating relationship between fairness and performance of the organization. The results provide useful insights for organizations, particularly the software firms of Pakistan since this study considers factors other than economic gain that may be more important to the employees in improving the performance of the organization.

Research paper thumbnail of A strategic mismatch: organizational politics and creative propensity

Review of International Business and Strategy

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the relationship between negatively perceived organization... more Purpose This paper aims to investigate the relationship between negatively perceived organizational politics (NPOP) on creative propensity (CP), while also studying their interplay with organizational commitment (OC) and job satisfaction (JS). Design/methodology/approach A survey technique was used in three different IT-related companies in an emerging market. Customers also included foreign companies for two of the three. In terms of age, these companies were roughly a decade old or more. Respondents were employees who were involved in IT-related jobs. Instrument was used five-point Likert scale. Data analysis involved partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings JS appears to have a positive relationship with OC. Both factors have been shown to have a positive relationship with CP. NPOP appears to have a negative relationship with not only CP but also JS and OC. Originality/value This research aids in bridging a gap in research and contributes to literatu...

Research paper thumbnail of The leadership styles dilemma in the business world

International Journal of Organizational Leadership

Research paper thumbnail of Trust and economic performance

Review of International Business and Strategy, 2016

Purpose Level of trust among the members is considered to be an important component that contribu... more Purpose Level of trust among the members is considered to be an important component that contributes towards the economic growth in an economy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of trust level along with income per capita, human capital (education level), investment, labor force and political institutions on the economic performance. Design/methodology/approach In this research, panel data as well as cross-country analysis were applied on a sample of 64 countries from 1980 to 2014. Countries were further divided into developed and developing countries to observe the resultant effect of trust on economic performance. To explain the monotonic relationship between trust and economic performance, a non-linear term of trust is added to the regression model to see the impact of change in trust level on economic performance. Findings Empirical results show that there is a positive relation between social trust and economic performance. The result further describes that inv...

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of Leadership Style in Big Five Personality Dimensions

Universal journal of management, Apr 1, 2016

This study addresses the inconsistency of contemporary literature on defining the link between le... more This study addresses the inconsistency of contemporary literature on defining the link between leadership styles and personality traits. The plethora of literature on personality traits has culminated into symbolic big five personality dimensions but there is still a dearth of research on developing representative leadership styles despite the perennial fascination with the subject. Absence of an unequivocal model for developing representative styles in conjunction with the use of several non-mutually exclusive existing leadership styles has created a discrepancy in developing a coherent link between leadership and personality. This study sums up 39 different styles of leadership into five distinct representative styles on the basis of similar theoretical underpinnings and common characteristics to explore how each of these five representative leadership style relates to personality dimensions proposed by big five model.

Research paper thumbnail of Connecting the Post-Training Task and Contextual Performance with the Essentials of Training Program and Characteristics of Trainees

International journal of business and management, Mar 15, 2016

A successful training program leads to improved performance; however, lack of evaluation on what ... more A successful training program leads to improved performance; however, lack of evaluation on what makes a training program effective yet puzzles managers. It is imperative to know which elements of a training program and individual characteristics of a trainee impact the employees' performance in order to realize prolific returns from this expensive investment. This study reviews three training elements namely the duration, methodology and area and two individual characteristics: education level and experience of a trainee to assess their impact on task and contextual dimensions of performance. Results support a positive impact of duration and on the job training methodology for resultant performance of employees with better level of education. Experience of trainees have a significant effect on contextual performance while no effect on task performance of employees.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Representative Leadership Styles on the Composition of Organization Commitment with the Facilitating Role of Organizational Maturity

International Business Research, Mar 6, 2016

This study proposes a framework to explore the effect of leadership styles in defining the compos... more This study proposes a framework to explore the effect of leadership styles in defining the composition of Organizational Commitment (OC) along effective, normative and continuance dimension. To bring in a more logical choice of leadership styles, limited numbers of representative leadership styles are derived from the long list of styles presented in the contemporary literature. Higher level of organizational maturity is proposed to facilitate the role of leadership style in shaping the composition of OC in three different dimensions. Organizational Maturity is measured by Capability Maturity Model (CMM), stage of Organization Life Cycle and specificity of Organizational Culture. Results support that a more persuasive and participative leadership style enhance the affective and normative commitment while continuance dimension of commitment is maintained under authoritative and unilateral style of leadership.

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Islamic Banking Customers of Pakistan

Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS ), 2021

This study aims to analyze the impact of corporate social responsibility on trust level of custom... more This study aims to analyze the impact of corporate social responsibility on trust level of customers in the Islamic banking industry of Pakistan. The impact of trust is further studied on customers’ repurchase intentions and their word of mouth intentions. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the customers of five different banks offering Islamic banking services in Pakistan. In order to explain the relationship between variables the model was tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS. Empirical results from this study show that CSR is positively related to customer trust, repurchase intentions and word of mouth intentions in the Islamic banking industry. The findings prove that hypothesized model fit reasonably well based on comparison fit indices. The study adds valuable insights to CSR related research in South Asia and particularly focuses on the factors that influence perceptions and behaviors of Islamic banking customers.

Research paper thumbnail of Entrepreneurships Role in Enhancing the Productivity and Sustainability of Pakistan

Global Regional Review, 2019

This paper explores the emerging trend of entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship globally a... more This paper explores the emerging trend of entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship globally as well as in Pakistan. It discusses, how entrepreneurship playsa central role in economic progression for developed countries like the United States and how it has the potential to play a pivotal role in the case of a developing country like Pakistan. According to various studies, Pakistan with the 175 million population is the 6th most populated county globally, having 60 percent of its population under the age of 25 years. A well trained, educated and entrepreneurial oriented population can be an asset for a developing economy. Literature has reviewed, discussed and pointed out main issues, difficulties, and opportunities about entrepreneurship in Pakistan; presents a working model of entrepreneurship that can foster entrepreneurship. Therefore, a conceptual framework is developed which further can be tested empirically. This study presents entrepreneurship as a way forward for the nat...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Representative Leadership Styles on the Composition of Organization Commitment with the Facilitating Role of Organizational Maturity

International Business Research, 2016

This study proposes a framework to explore the effect of leadership styles in defining the compos... more This study proposes a framework to explore the effect of leadership styles in defining the composition of Organizational Commitment (OC) along effective, normative and continuance dimension. To bring in a more logical choice of leadership styles, limited numbers of representative leadership styles are derived from the long list of styles presented in the contemporary literature. Higher level of organizational maturity is proposed to facilitate the role of leadership style in shaping the composition of OC in three different dimensions. Organizational Maturity is measured by Capability Maturity Model (CMM), stage of Organization Life Cycle and specificity of Organizational Culture. Results support that a more persuasive and participative leadership style enhance the affective and normative commitment while continuance dimension of commitment is maintained under authoritative and unilateral style of leadership.

Research paper thumbnail of Career Path Decisions and Sustainable Options

Sustainability

Career planning has become more important than standalone job decisions in the current environmen... more Career planning has become more important than standalone job decisions in the current environment, where individuals have a wider range of choices of occupations and jobs than ever before. This paper reviews the theoretical developments in career guidance theory and recommends a holistic approach towards ‘Career Path Guidance’, incorporating psychological, sociological and developmental perspectives. An approach that considers several future steps in a career cannot be without challenges. The contextual and environmental situations along with individual characteristics are subject to change along a career path. Additionally, different stages in a career path are another variable that needs consideration to achieve a sustainable future. It has, therefore, been proposed that the career course be mapped by considering external factors, internal improvements and path-related dynamism. A multidimensional understanding of career guidance and the amount, complexity and sensitivity of the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Making Leaders’ and Followers’ Relationship Sustainable: The Impact of Leaders’ Behavioral Integrity on Employees’ Voice in the Banking Sector of Pakistan

Sustainability, 2021

The behavioural integrity of leaders is not only an individual trait that can earn them respect i... more The behavioural integrity of leaders is not only an individual trait that can earn them respect in their personal capacity, but it also may positively affect their followers and ultimately improve the organization’s effectiveness in a variety of ways. The relationship between behavioural integrity and employees using their voice has been studied by researchers through multiple aspects. This study brings a new perspective in this discussion by investigating the effect of leaders’ behavioural integrity on employees’ voice both directly and through the mediating roles of psychological safety and trust in the leader. The cross-sectional data of 384 employees collected from the banking sector in Pakistan is used to shed light on this new perspective in the relationship between the behavioural integrity of a leader and employees’ comportment in using their voice. The results of the empirical analyses support the direct effect of the behavioural integrity of leaders on employees’ voice. A ...

Research paper thumbnail of Long-Term Employment Contracts in Japanese Companies and the Corporate Profitability in the Post Economic Bubble Era

Social Science Research Network, 2009

ABSTRACT The long-term employment contracts that helped to explain the once superior performance ... more ABSTRACT The long-term employment contracts that helped to explain the once superior performance Japanese companies have come under pressure after the burst of the economic bubble in Japan after 1990. A large number of long-tenured, highly paid employees can become a financial burden for a company. Though companies have been reluctant to change this traditional structure, an adverse economic environment made it difficult for the system to fulfill its functional prerequisites. This analysis of 156 electronics companies in Japan confirms that the presence of long-term employment system during an economic slowdown can have a negative effect on corporate profitability.

Research paper thumbnail of Autocratic, Democratic, Transformational and Charismatic Leadership Styles and Contingency of Different Performance Outcomes in SMEs

Journal of Business & Tourism

We analyze four different leadership styles from multiple dimensions to find out the suitability ... more We analyze four different leadership styles from multiple dimensions to find out the suitability of these styles for the leaders working in Pakistani small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Theoretically, it is an additional perspective in the debate on effectiveness of different leadership styles in different environments for different purposes. It starts with analyzing contemporary theories of leadership and their derivative styles. Next, it discusses the major aspects of organizational environment coming from the broader culture of a country. Subsequently, it tries to provide a more balanced view in the debate on cause and effect of leadership styles and their effectiveness in specific organizational culture. In the empirical analyses the study analyzes the productivity, acceptance and sustainable success of different leadership styles in the organizations working in Pakistan. The data is collected both from business leaders and their relevant followers. The findings of study explai...

Research paper thumbnail of Transitions in Japanese Employment model: Causes and consequences of changes in the Japanese employment model in the post economic-bubble era

Research paper thumbnail of Changing Value of Lifetime Employment for the Company

Research paper thumbnail of Moral Awareness: A Source of Improved Sustainable Performance

Sustainability

Despite the increasing realization of the significance of work ethics and moral awareness (MA) in... more Despite the increasing realization of the significance of work ethics and moral awareness (MA) in businesses after mega scandals, such as those of Enron and Tyco, few studies have investigated the relationship between MA and employees’ performance and the intermediate mechanisms that explain this relationship. This study proposes that as employees’ work ethics are calibrated through ethical training, their MA increases, in turn affecting employees’ job performance. This experimental study is aimed at investigating the impact of MA, increased through ethical training, on employees’ job performance. Based on institutional theory, the multidimensional work ethic profile (MWEP) and strategic human resource management literature, it is hypothesized that MA of employees’ is positively correlated with employees’ performance and that this relationship is moderated by the age, gender and education level of the employees. In particular, the moral awareness component of ethical decision-making...

Research paper thumbnail of Long-Term Employment Contracts in Japanese Companies and the Corporate Profitability in the Post Economic Bubble Era

The long-term employment contracts that helped to explain the once superior performance Japanese ... more The long-term employment contracts that helped to explain the once superior performance Japanese companies have come under pressure after the burst of the economic bubble in Japan after 1990. A large number of long-tenured, highly paid employees can become a financial burden for a company. Though companies have been reluctant to change this traditional structure, an adverse economic environment made it difficult for the system to fulfill its functional prerequisites. This analysis of 156 electronics companies in Japan confirms that the presence of long-term employment system during an economic slowdown can have a negative effect on corporate profitability.

Research paper thumbnail of U-1 The performance impacts of option plans in Japan

Research paper thumbnail of Supervisor bottom-line mentality, workaholism, and workplace cheating behavior: the moderating effect of employee entitlement

Ethics & Behavior

Studies on bottom-line mentality (BLM) suggest that an exclusive focus on bottom-line outcomes ha... more Studies on bottom-line mentality (BLM) suggest that an exclusive focus on bottom-line outcomes has detrimental consequences; however, it is not clear when this leads to negative outcomes. This stud...

Research paper thumbnail of Perception of Justice and Trust in Software Industry of Pakistan

Journal of Management and Research

The present study concentrates on how organizational justice influences trust and performance of ... more The present study concentrates on how organizational justice influences trust and performance of employees in an organization. Trust level of employees is affected by how employees perceive justice in organizations and hence, it also affects the performance of the organization. It may be inferred that trust is a vital component in mediating the connection of organizational justice and organizational performance. The industry used for the present research is the software industry of Pakistan. A structured questionnaire was sent to 350 employees, randomly selected, working in various software firms in Punjab, Pakistan. Structural Equation Modeling-AMOS was applied for analyzing the data. The findings from the research revealed that trust played a strong mediating relationship between fairness and performance of the organization. The results provide useful insights for organizations, particularly the software firms of Pakistan since this study considers factors other than economic gain that may be more important to the employees in improving the performance of the organization.

Research paper thumbnail of A strategic mismatch: organizational politics and creative propensity

Review of International Business and Strategy

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the relationship between negatively perceived organization... more Purpose This paper aims to investigate the relationship between negatively perceived organizational politics (NPOP) on creative propensity (CP), while also studying their interplay with organizational commitment (OC) and job satisfaction (JS). Design/methodology/approach A survey technique was used in three different IT-related companies in an emerging market. Customers also included foreign companies for two of the three. In terms of age, these companies were roughly a decade old or more. Respondents were employees who were involved in IT-related jobs. Instrument was used five-point Likert scale. Data analysis involved partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings JS appears to have a positive relationship with OC. Both factors have been shown to have a positive relationship with CP. NPOP appears to have a negative relationship with not only CP but also JS and OC. Originality/value This research aids in bridging a gap in research and contributes to literatu...

Research paper thumbnail of The leadership styles dilemma in the business world

International Journal of Organizational Leadership

Research paper thumbnail of Trust and economic performance

Review of International Business and Strategy, 2016

Purpose Level of trust among the members is considered to be an important component that contribu... more Purpose Level of trust among the members is considered to be an important component that contributes towards the economic growth in an economy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of trust level along with income per capita, human capital (education level), investment, labor force and political institutions on the economic performance. Design/methodology/approach In this research, panel data as well as cross-country analysis were applied on a sample of 64 countries from 1980 to 2014. Countries were further divided into developed and developing countries to observe the resultant effect of trust on economic performance. To explain the monotonic relationship between trust and economic performance, a non-linear term of trust is added to the regression model to see the impact of change in trust level on economic performance. Findings Empirical results show that there is a positive relation between social trust and economic performance. The result further describes that inv...