Hermann Zeitlhofer - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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Papers by Hermann Zeitlhofer
During the 20th century ‚retirement‘ became a constitutive pattern of ‚old age‘ in western indust... more During the 20th century ‚retirement‘ became a constitutive pattern of ‚old age‘ in western industrialized societies. Although sometimes classified as a recent phenomenon, the decline of labour force participation rates of elderly people is a long-term trend starting at the end of the nineteenth century. How did it come that ‚age‘ and ‚work‘ are seen as an antagonism? There is a lack of convincing answers in how to explain this long-term trend. Based on statistics from the Censuses since 1890 and on statistical data on the age structure of the work force of individual industrial companies and economic sectors the article reconstructs the long-term trend of declining labour force participation rates of the elderly for Austria. The study analyses the impact of average job tenure as well as common shifts over the life course between self-employment and wage employment. The results indicate that the proportion of the workforce over 50 years of age was quite minimal in many industrial sec...
Social Science History, 2007
The article investigates the relations among internal, Continental, and transatlantic migration i... more The article investigates the relations among internal, Continental, and transatlantic migration in late imperial Austria by combining information from passenger records of ships to the United States and internal district-level migration data from the Austrian census. Combined with other statistical sources, a snapshot of migration to the United States is provided in the context of long-standing patterns of internal and Continental migration and the changing socioeconomic structures of the empire. The relationships between internal and transatlantic movements and the determinants of migration to the United States are analyzed by means of regression analysis. In late imperial Austria internal mobility was negatively related to transatlantic migration. This suggests the existence of different migration systems with different patterns of internal, Continental, and transatlantic migration. In 1911 migrants from the village of Maszkienice, Galicia, were dispersed throughout central Europe and the United States: 20 percent in the United States, 20 percent in the fields of Germany, 28 percent in the Austrian Ostrava (Ostrau) coal mines, and the remainder scattered in small groups in different cities throughout Austrian Poland (Morawska 1996: 189). The possible paths for migration included a number of choices, such as going overseas, going to another part of one's native land, or even going to another European country (Baines 1985: 22-23). While the data demonstrate a range of
... Gudrun Hopf half bei der redaktionellen Überarbei-tung eines Textes, Miroslava Melkesovä und ... more ... Gudrun Hopf half bei der redaktionellen Überarbei-tung eines Textes, Miroslava Melkesovä und Zdenek Melkes fertigten die hier veröffentlichten Karten an und Ursula Huber betreute das Buch von Seiten des Verlages. ... Vgl. Blau, Glasmacher; Fröhlich, Glashütten. 25 Vgl. ...
The aim of this research project is to analyse the relationship between migration to North Americ... more The aim of this research project is to analyse the relationship between migration to North America and other types of mobility, such as internal migration and short-distance migration across state boundaries, in the period 1850-1914. Migration from the Austrian Empire to North America will be examined within the context of long-standing patterns of migration, population development in the 19 th century and the changing socioeconomic structure of the Habsburg Monarchy. The focus of our investigation into migration patterns will be provided by the provinces of Upper and Lower Austria (in today's Austria), and Bohemia and Moravia (now in the Czech Republic). We have restricted the geographical scope of the project for a number of reasons. Firstly, this area formed the Monarchy's geographical and economic core. Secondly, these regions were in quantitative terms at the centre of migrational activity. Thirdly, it is neither feasible nor worthwhile to include other provinces of the...
Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, 2011
Labour and Old Age in Austria around 1900. Patterns, Conditions, and Restrictions of Labour Force... more Labour and Old Age in Austria around 1900. Patterns, Conditions, and Restrictions of Labour Force Participation of the Elderly before the Welfare State. During the 20 th century ‚retirement' became a constitutive pattern of ‚old age' in western industrialized societies. Although sometimes classified as a recent phenomenon, the decline of labour force participation rates of elderly people is a long-term trend starting at the end of the nineteenth century. How did it come that ‚age' and ‚work' are seen as an antagonism? There is a lack of convincing answers in how to explain this long-term trend. Based on statistics from the Censuses since 1890 and on statistical data on the age structure of the work force of individual industrial companies and economic sectors the article reconstructs the long-term trend of declining labour force participation rates of the elderly for Austria. The study analyses the impact of average job tenure as well as common shifts over the life course between self-employment and wage employment. The results indicate that the proportion of the workforce over 50 years of age was quite minimal in many industrial sectors. Especially in larger companies, an individual worker's average term of employment was far lower than after 1945. Wage-earning em ployees clearly dominated in the younger age groups, but self-employment came to the fore with increasing age, so that by approximately age 40, a majority of men were self-employed.
Strukturen und Netzwerke, 2018
During the 20th century 'retirement' became a constitutive pattern of 'old age' i... more During the 20th century 'retirement' became a constitutive pattern of 'old age' in western industrialized societies. Although sometimes classified as a recent phenomenon, the decline of labour force participation rates of elderly people is a long-term trend starting at the end of the nineteenth century. How did it come that 'age' and 'work' are seen as an antagonism? There is a lack of convincing answers in how to explain this long-term trend. Based on statistics from the Censuses since 1890 and on statistical data on the age structure of the work force of individual industrial companies and economic sectors the article reconstructs the long-term trend of declining labour force participation rates of the elderly for Austria. The study analyses the impact of average job tenure as well as common shifts over the life course between self-employment and wage employment. The results indicate that the proportion of the workforce over 50 years of age was quit...
Jihočeský sborník historický, 1998
Historická demografie, 1999
Historická demografie, 1998
The authors publish the results of a research dealing with the migration of rural population on... more The authors publish the results of a research dealing with the migration of
rural population on some estates in south Bohemia, based on an analysis of lists
of serfs taken in 1585-1607 and church registers in 1641-1682. A connection
between the scope of migration and the opportunity to find work or the
circumstances influencing the choice of spouse was proved for all towns and
villages under observation. The lordships did not regulate the types of
migration. They only registered them. As a rule, rural population moved at
shorter distances than urban population (usually the distance was under
20 kilometres), but more often. There was a higher stability of population in
towns. This was particularly true of women. There were also higher differences
among social groups. No differences were found between the migration of serfs
before and after the 1620 battle of White Mountain.
Enzyklopädie Migration in Europa
Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook, 2000
The paper investigates the determinants of migration from rural districts in the Austrian part of... more The paper investigates the determinants of migration from rural districts in the Austrian part of the Habsburg Monarchy to the USA in 1910 by combining information from passenger records of ships to the USA and economic and demographic data on district level from the Austrian census and information on wages from an Austrian survey in 1893. The analysis focuses on the effects of the level of wages and demographic pressure. We find support for a non-linear effect of wages on emigration and fail to find evidence for a negative effect of demographic pressure along Malthusian lines on wages.
(Middle Ages-Twentieth Century), 2010
From the 17th Century to the Present, 2011
Between Lipany and White Mountain, 2014
Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook, 2008
Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook, 2000
Continuity and Change, 2007
... It was supposed, for instance, that the impartible system tended towards a marked social pola... more ... It was supposed, for instance, that the impartible system tended towards a marked social polarization, since ... South Bohemia was not entirely unique in this respect. ... regions with impartibility of land similar transmission systems were common throughout the early modern period. ...
During the 20th century ‚retirement‘ became a constitutive pattern of ‚old age‘ in western indust... more During the 20th century ‚retirement‘ became a constitutive pattern of ‚old age‘ in western industrialized societies. Although sometimes classified as a recent phenomenon, the decline of labour force participation rates of elderly people is a long-term trend starting at the end of the nineteenth century. How did it come that ‚age‘ and ‚work‘ are seen as an antagonism? There is a lack of convincing answers in how to explain this long-term trend. Based on statistics from the Censuses since 1890 and on statistical data on the age structure of the work force of individual industrial companies and economic sectors the article reconstructs the long-term trend of declining labour force participation rates of the elderly for Austria. The study analyses the impact of average job tenure as well as common shifts over the life course between self-employment and wage employment. The results indicate that the proportion of the workforce over 50 years of age was quite minimal in many industrial sec...
Social Science History, 2007
The article investigates the relations among internal, Continental, and transatlantic migration i... more The article investigates the relations among internal, Continental, and transatlantic migration in late imperial Austria by combining information from passenger records of ships to the United States and internal district-level migration data from the Austrian census. Combined with other statistical sources, a snapshot of migration to the United States is provided in the context of long-standing patterns of internal and Continental migration and the changing socioeconomic structures of the empire. The relationships between internal and transatlantic movements and the determinants of migration to the United States are analyzed by means of regression analysis. In late imperial Austria internal mobility was negatively related to transatlantic migration. This suggests the existence of different migration systems with different patterns of internal, Continental, and transatlantic migration. In 1911 migrants from the village of Maszkienice, Galicia, were dispersed throughout central Europe and the United States: 20 percent in the United States, 20 percent in the fields of Germany, 28 percent in the Austrian Ostrava (Ostrau) coal mines, and the remainder scattered in small groups in different cities throughout Austrian Poland (Morawska 1996: 189). The possible paths for migration included a number of choices, such as going overseas, going to another part of one's native land, or even going to another European country (Baines 1985: 22-23). While the data demonstrate a range of
... Gudrun Hopf half bei der redaktionellen Überarbei-tung eines Textes, Miroslava Melkesovä und ... more ... Gudrun Hopf half bei der redaktionellen Überarbei-tung eines Textes, Miroslava Melkesovä und Zdenek Melkes fertigten die hier veröffentlichten Karten an und Ursula Huber betreute das Buch von Seiten des Verlages. ... Vgl. Blau, Glasmacher; Fröhlich, Glashütten. 25 Vgl. ...
The aim of this research project is to analyse the relationship between migration to North Americ... more The aim of this research project is to analyse the relationship between migration to North America and other types of mobility, such as internal migration and short-distance migration across state boundaries, in the period 1850-1914. Migration from the Austrian Empire to North America will be examined within the context of long-standing patterns of migration, population development in the 19 th century and the changing socioeconomic structure of the Habsburg Monarchy. The focus of our investigation into migration patterns will be provided by the provinces of Upper and Lower Austria (in today's Austria), and Bohemia and Moravia (now in the Czech Republic). We have restricted the geographical scope of the project for a number of reasons. Firstly, this area formed the Monarchy's geographical and economic core. Secondly, these regions were in quantitative terms at the centre of migrational activity. Thirdly, it is neither feasible nor worthwhile to include other provinces of the...
Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, 2011
Labour and Old Age in Austria around 1900. Patterns, Conditions, and Restrictions of Labour Force... more Labour and Old Age in Austria around 1900. Patterns, Conditions, and Restrictions of Labour Force Participation of the Elderly before the Welfare State. During the 20 th century ‚retirement' became a constitutive pattern of ‚old age' in western industrialized societies. Although sometimes classified as a recent phenomenon, the decline of labour force participation rates of elderly people is a long-term trend starting at the end of the nineteenth century. How did it come that ‚age' and ‚work' are seen as an antagonism? There is a lack of convincing answers in how to explain this long-term trend. Based on statistics from the Censuses since 1890 and on statistical data on the age structure of the work force of individual industrial companies and economic sectors the article reconstructs the long-term trend of declining labour force participation rates of the elderly for Austria. The study analyses the impact of average job tenure as well as common shifts over the life course between self-employment and wage employment. The results indicate that the proportion of the workforce over 50 years of age was quite minimal in many industrial sectors. Especially in larger companies, an individual worker's average term of employment was far lower than after 1945. Wage-earning em ployees clearly dominated in the younger age groups, but self-employment came to the fore with increasing age, so that by approximately age 40, a majority of men were self-employed.
Strukturen und Netzwerke, 2018
During the 20th century 'retirement' became a constitutive pattern of 'old age' i... more During the 20th century 'retirement' became a constitutive pattern of 'old age' in western industrialized societies. Although sometimes classified as a recent phenomenon, the decline of labour force participation rates of elderly people is a long-term trend starting at the end of the nineteenth century. How did it come that 'age' and 'work' are seen as an antagonism? There is a lack of convincing answers in how to explain this long-term trend. Based on statistics from the Censuses since 1890 and on statistical data on the age structure of the work force of individual industrial companies and economic sectors the article reconstructs the long-term trend of declining labour force participation rates of the elderly for Austria. The study analyses the impact of average job tenure as well as common shifts over the life course between self-employment and wage employment. The results indicate that the proportion of the workforce over 50 years of age was quit...
Jihočeský sborník historický, 1998
Historická demografie, 1999
Historická demografie, 1998
The authors publish the results of a research dealing with the migration of rural population on... more The authors publish the results of a research dealing with the migration of
rural population on some estates in south Bohemia, based on an analysis of lists
of serfs taken in 1585-1607 and church registers in 1641-1682. A connection
between the scope of migration and the opportunity to find work or the
circumstances influencing the choice of spouse was proved for all towns and
villages under observation. The lordships did not regulate the types of
migration. They only registered them. As a rule, rural population moved at
shorter distances than urban population (usually the distance was under
20 kilometres), but more often. There was a higher stability of population in
towns. This was particularly true of women. There were also higher differences
among social groups. No differences were found between the migration of serfs
before and after the 1620 battle of White Mountain.
Enzyklopädie Migration in Europa
Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook, 2000
The paper investigates the determinants of migration from rural districts in the Austrian part of... more The paper investigates the determinants of migration from rural districts in the Austrian part of the Habsburg Monarchy to the USA in 1910 by combining information from passenger records of ships to the USA and economic and demographic data on district level from the Austrian census and information on wages from an Austrian survey in 1893. The analysis focuses on the effects of the level of wages and demographic pressure. We find support for a non-linear effect of wages on emigration and fail to find evidence for a negative effect of demographic pressure along Malthusian lines on wages.
(Middle Ages-Twentieth Century), 2010
From the 17th Century to the Present, 2011
Between Lipany and White Mountain, 2014
Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook, 2008
Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook, 2000
Continuity and Change, 2007
... It was supposed, for instance, that the impartible system tended towards a marked social pola... more ... It was supposed, for instance, that the impartible system tended towards a marked social polarization, since ... South Bohemia was not entirely unique in this respect. ... regions with impartibility of land similar transmission systems were common throughout the early modern period. ...