Hesham Sharaf - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Hesham Sharaf

Rumen flukes are widely distributed digenetic trematodes belong to the superfamily Paramphistomoi... more Rumen flukes are widely distributed digenetic trematodes belong to the superfamily Paramphistomoidea which hit domestic and wild ruminants and cause a parasitic disease known as paramphistomiasis or paramphistomosis. The economic importance of paramphistomes is globally underestimated because of their proliferation and abundance among ruminants. Substitutional approaches to improving species identification are required. The paramphistomes scrutinised during this present study were adult flukes. Our five samples include four samples of paramphistomes from cattle and only one from sheep were identified according to the ITS-2 sequencing as followers of the genera Paramphistomum, Calicophoron, and Gastrothylax. The DNA of each worm was isolated, and the ITS-2 rDNA was amplified, purified, and sequenced. Then, the sequences were uploaded to GenBank, which allocated them the following accession numbers: OK216189, OK216190, OK216191, OK216192, and OK216193. MEGA X has been used to execute ...

African Journal of Microbiology Research, Feb 11, 2015

Albendazole and Nitazode were tested as molluscicidal agents against Biomphalaria alexandrina sna... more Albendazole and Nitazode were tested as molluscicidal agents against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. The effect of Albendazole and Nitazode on snails infected with Schistosoma mansoni miracidia and hermaphrodite glands of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails were also carried out. In addition, the parasitological parameters, the dynamics of serum-specific immunoglobulins and splenic cytokines associated with changes in granuloma diameter were assessed. The results indicate that exposure of B. alexandrina to Albendazole and Nitazode, resulted in a considerable reduction in the infectivity of S. mansoni miracidia to the snails and a severe damage in the hermaphrodite gland cells of treated snails. In addition, immunization did not affect worm reduction, but a slight decrease in granuloma diameter, increase in immunoglobulins and cytokines was observed. Reduction in worm burden was associated with a reduction in ova count. Changes in oogram pattern were mainly due to Albendazole and Nitazode. In conclusion, treatment with Albendazole and Nitazode with immunization resulted in significant reduction of parasitological parameters and rise of specific immunoglobulins.

Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2009

The basic chromosome complement of the Egyptian male locust, Anacridium aegyptium; collected from... more The basic chromosome complement of the Egyptian male locust, Anacridium aegyptium; collected from Giza Governorate, Egypt, is 2N = 22 + XO. All autosomes and sex chromosome are telocentric. The autosomes can be divided into three size-groups; three long (L 1-L 3), five medium (M 4-M 8) and three short chromosomes (S 9-S 11). The X-member is the longest member of all chromosomes. An extra telocentric B-chromosome was detected in two males of the collected locusts, nearly equal in size with S 10-member and thus the chromosome complement of these males is 2N = 22 + XO + B. The origin of this extra member is discussed through its behaviour through meiosis that studied. The B-chromosome was frequently observed neighbouring the X-chromosome through most of the meiotic stages and this behaviour reinforces the present suggested hypothesis that B-chromosome was originated from X-chromosome.

Saudi journal of biological sciences, 2009

The present study was designed to investigate histochemically the detection of carbohydrate and p... more The present study was designed to investigate histochemically the detection of carbohydrate and protein in the normally feeding snails and after 15 and 30 days of starvation. Generally, abundant carbohydrate and protein materials were detected in the component cells of the digestive gland of normally feeding snails. The results of this investigation revealed a pronounced decline of carbohydrates in the digestive gland cells of Monacha cartusiana snails after starvation. Severe decline in carbohydrate content was observed especially after 30 days of starvation. Moreover, protein inclusions have exhibited a week stainability in the digestive gland cells of these snails as a consequence of starvation.

Journal of environmental health science & engineering, 2015

Heavy metals and hydrocarbons are of the most common marine pollutants around the world. The pres... more Heavy metals and hydrocarbons are of the most common marine pollutants around the world. The present study aimed to assess the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in tissues of the snail cyclope neritea, water and sediments from two sites of the study area (Temsah lake and Suez canal) represent polluted and unpolluted sites respectively. The results showed that, the levels of the heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Co, Mg and Zn) in the polluted area have reached harmful limits recorded globally. Lead in water, sediment and tissue of the snail reached to 0.95 ppm, 4.54 ppm and 7.93 ppm respectively. Cadmium reached 0.31 ppm, 1.15 ppm and 3.08 ppm in the corresponding samples. Cobalt was not detected in water, but it reached 1.42 ppm and 10.36 ppm in the sediment and snails tissue respectively. Magnesium in water, sediment and tissue of the snail reached 3.73 ppm, 9.44 ppm and12.6 ppm respectively. Zinc reached 0.11 ppm, 3.89 ppm and 12.60ppm in the corresponding samples. Mean...

Egyptian journal of aquatic biology and fisheries, 2009

plectana macintoshii Travassos,1931 from the intestine of Bufo regularis was described and illust... more plectana macintoshii Travassos,1931 from the intestine of Bufo regularis was described and illustrated. A. macintoshii adult worms are small dieocious nematodes. Males are distinguishable from females by their smaller size, long slender curved posterior end and accessory copulatory structures with two equal spicules. Cuticle with longitudinal and circular annulations and somatic papillae. Mouth is small opening surrounded by three lips. Each lip bears two conspicuous papillae. The alimentary canal is composed of mouth that leads to oesophageal corpus, oesophageal bulb, intestine and rectum. The reproductive system of A. macintoshii is tubular. Females have two genital tubes that are distinguished into two ovaries, oviducts, uteri which join to form a single vagina which opens to the exterior through the vulva that lies near the anterior end of the body. The male genital tube consists of a blind-ending testis, seminal vesicle, vas deferens and the ejaculatory duct which opens into th...

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2018

In present study, three known species insect parasitic nematodes were recovered from Periplaneta ... more In present study, three known species insect parasitic nematodes were recovered from Periplaneta americana collected from uptown Zagazig City. These nematodes were 1- Hammerschmidtiella dieingi, 2- Leidynema meerutensis, and 3- Thelastoma bulhoesi collected from the hindgut of the host P. americana. These parasites were studied by using light microscope, SEM and TEM.

In the current study, the hydatid cyst-induced tissue lesions in liver and lung of camels and she... more In the current study, the hydatid cyst-induced tissue lesions in liver and lung of camels and sheep infected with Egyptian strain of E. granulosus was evaluated and the fine structures of the protoscolices by scanning electron microscope (SEM) was described. The results indicated that both fertile and sterile hydatid cysts could lead to various degree of tissue lesions visualized mainly as necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue degeneration other histopathological changes occurred in lung and liver of infected animals due to infection with hydatid cyst. Tissue lesion associated with hydatidosis was described. SEM showed envaginated, invaginated protoscolex and the broad capsule of hydatid cyst. There were two types of hooks, large (upper row) and small (lower row) in hydatid cyst protoscolices; with microtriches on different regions.

In the present study 35 male and female Scincusscincuslizard were collected from different locali... more In the present study 35 male and female Scincusscincuslizard were collected from different localities around Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia and investigated for Sarcocystis infection. Light microscopic examination of muscle cryosections and fecal samples indicate the infection of skeletal muscles only with sarcocysts of the genus Sarcocystis. No indication for the shedding of any coccidian oocysts and/or sporocysts were proved. This natural infection were concentrated in the tail muscles followed by the hind limb. The infection rate of such infection was about 11%(4/35). Light microscopic examination of semithin sections showed microscopically visible sarcocysts limited by thin cyst wall. Clear septa extending from the ground substance into the cyst interior dividing it into several compartments were observed. Cyst zoites were differentiated into cyst merozoites and metrocystes.Transmission electron microscopic examination showed the architecture and ornaments of the primary cyst wall an...

Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research

A parasitological survey on 1474 fresh water crayfish Procambarus clarkii was carried out during ... more A parasitological survey on 1474 fresh water crayfish Procambarus clarkii was carried out during the period from January 2013 till May 2014 from different canals at Sharkia, Dakahlia and Kafr El-Sheikh Provinces in Egypt. Out of the examined crayfish , 8 were found to be infected with ectoparasitic protozoan Epistylis cambari on the gill filaments with percentage of infection 0.54%. Infection rates were varied between investigated areas, the percentages of infection were 0.21%, 0.57% and 2.7% at Sharkia, Dakahlia and Kafr El-Sheikh provinces respectively. Regarding to the seasonal prevalence of Epistylis cambari in examined crayfishes the peak of infection at Sharkia Province was recorded in summer (3.5%) , while at Dakahlia and Kafr El-Sheikh Provinces was detected in spring (1.13%) and (5.12%) respectively. The present study revealed that 11 out of 1474 (0.88%) were infected by one or more parasitic nematode larvae Strongyloides stercoralis that were observed in hemoceol of crayfish .The percentages of infection were 0.31%, 2.3% and 1.3% at Sharkia, Dakahlia and Kafr El-Sheikh Provinces respectively. Concerning to the seasonal prevalence of nematode larvae in examined crayfish, the peak of infection at Sharkia Province was detected in spring (4.5 %) ,while at Dakahlia Province was in summer (3.2%) and at Kafr El-Sheikh Province was in spring (1.5%). No infection was detected in winter and autumn.

Parasitologists United Journal

Schistosomiasis is caused by blood flukes including all Schistosoma species. It affects about 207... more Schistosomiasis is caused by blood flukes including all Schistosoma species. It affects about 207 million persons in 76 countries across the world, and is more prevalent in developing countries where about 800 million people are at the risk of schistosomiasis [1]. Following oviposition, schistosomes eggs that failed to exit with either urine or stools are carried back into the liver to be lodged in the pre-sinusoidal capillaries. The eggs are in intimate contact with the capillary endothelium before and during the generation of the granulomatous response [2]. Schistosoma miracidium inside the ovum secretes glycoprotein antigens that pass through microscopic pores within the egg shell, so are called SEA. These antigens elicit a vigorous immune response that encapsulates the ova in pre-granuloma collagen fibers and immune cells, predominantly eosinophils and macrophages. The granuloma formation presents a barrier to sequester egg toxicity and antigenicity. Fibrosis of granulation tissues leads to disturbance of hepatic parenchymal architecture including its vasculature [3]. Despite portal vascular impairment, it was found that the total hepatic blood flow remained within normal limits with normal parenchymal cell perfusion, accompanied by absent gross changes in hepatic function tests. This was attributed to hepatic neovascular formation in the

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical Entomology & Parasitology

Journal of Medical Entomology and Parasitology is one of the series issued quarterly by the Egypt... more Journal of Medical Entomology and Parasitology is one of the series issued quarterly by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. It is an important specialist journal covering the latest advances in that subject. It publishes original research and review papers on all aspects of basic and applied medical entomology, parasitology and host-parasite relationships, including the latest discoveries in parasite biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, ecology and epidemiology in the content of the biological, medical entomology and veterinary sciences. In addition to that, the journal promotes research on the impact of living organisms on their environment with emphasis on subjects such a resource, depletion, pollution, biodiversity, ecosystem…..etc. www.eajbs.eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.

Parasitologists United Journal

Background: The emergence of chemotherapy resistant schistosomes necessitates finding new prophyl... more Background: The emergence of chemotherapy resistant schistosomes necessitates finding new prophylaxis strategies based on immunization by using a modified vaccine candidate. Objective: To assess the potential of an anti-schistosomal vaccine modified by nanotechnology. Material and Methods: Soluble adult worm antigen preparation (SWAP) either crude or/and loaded on chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were used. The anti-schistosomal impact was assessed in terms of stools egg count, worm burden and ultrastructural study of juvenile and adult schistosomes. Results: Chitosan nanoparticles potentiated SWAP efficacy to exceed the impact of crude SWAP. The combination of SWAP loaded on CSNPs and crude SWAP showed the best immunization effects regarding adult worm number and fecundity, as well as morphological and tegumental distortion of juvenile than adult stages. Conclusion: Modified SWAP on CSNPs gave better results in anti-schistosome immunization than crude SWAP. Immunization by combining different antigens gave the best results.

Rumen flukes are widely distributed digenetic trematodes belong to the superfamily Paramphistomoi... more Rumen flukes are widely distributed digenetic trematodes belong to the superfamily Paramphistomoidea which hit domestic and wild ruminants and cause a parasitic disease known as paramphistomiasis or paramphistomosis. The economic importance of paramphistomes is globally underestimated because of their proliferation and abundance among ruminants. Substitutional approaches to improving species identification are required. The paramphistomes scrutinised during this present study were adult flukes. Our five samples include four samples of paramphistomes from cattle and only one from sheep were identified according to the ITS-2 sequencing as followers of the genera Paramphistomum, Calicophoron, and Gastrothylax. The DNA of each worm was isolated, and the ITS-2 rDNA was amplified, purified, and sequenced. Then, the sequences were uploaded to GenBank, which allocated them the following accession numbers: OK216189, OK216190, OK216191, OK216192, and OK216193. MEGA X has been used to execute ...

African Journal of Microbiology Research, Feb 11, 2015

Albendazole and Nitazode were tested as molluscicidal agents against Biomphalaria alexandrina sna... more Albendazole and Nitazode were tested as molluscicidal agents against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. The effect of Albendazole and Nitazode on snails infected with Schistosoma mansoni miracidia and hermaphrodite glands of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails were also carried out. In addition, the parasitological parameters, the dynamics of serum-specific immunoglobulins and splenic cytokines associated with changes in granuloma diameter were assessed. The results indicate that exposure of B. alexandrina to Albendazole and Nitazode, resulted in a considerable reduction in the infectivity of S. mansoni miracidia to the snails and a severe damage in the hermaphrodite gland cells of treated snails. In addition, immunization did not affect worm reduction, but a slight decrease in granuloma diameter, increase in immunoglobulins and cytokines was observed. Reduction in worm burden was associated with a reduction in ova count. Changes in oogram pattern were mainly due to Albendazole and Nitazode. In conclusion, treatment with Albendazole and Nitazode with immunization resulted in significant reduction of parasitological parameters and rise of specific immunoglobulins.

Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2009

The basic chromosome complement of the Egyptian male locust, Anacridium aegyptium; collected from... more The basic chromosome complement of the Egyptian male locust, Anacridium aegyptium; collected from Giza Governorate, Egypt, is 2N = 22 + XO. All autosomes and sex chromosome are telocentric. The autosomes can be divided into three size-groups; three long (L 1-L 3), five medium (M 4-M 8) and three short chromosomes (S 9-S 11). The X-member is the longest member of all chromosomes. An extra telocentric B-chromosome was detected in two males of the collected locusts, nearly equal in size with S 10-member and thus the chromosome complement of these males is 2N = 22 + XO + B. The origin of this extra member is discussed through its behaviour through meiosis that studied. The B-chromosome was frequently observed neighbouring the X-chromosome through most of the meiotic stages and this behaviour reinforces the present suggested hypothesis that B-chromosome was originated from X-chromosome.

Saudi journal of biological sciences, 2009

The present study was designed to investigate histochemically the detection of carbohydrate and p... more The present study was designed to investigate histochemically the detection of carbohydrate and protein in the normally feeding snails and after 15 and 30 days of starvation. Generally, abundant carbohydrate and protein materials were detected in the component cells of the digestive gland of normally feeding snails. The results of this investigation revealed a pronounced decline of carbohydrates in the digestive gland cells of Monacha cartusiana snails after starvation. Severe decline in carbohydrate content was observed especially after 30 days of starvation. Moreover, protein inclusions have exhibited a week stainability in the digestive gland cells of these snails as a consequence of starvation.

Journal of environmental health science & engineering, 2015

Heavy metals and hydrocarbons are of the most common marine pollutants around the world. The pres... more Heavy metals and hydrocarbons are of the most common marine pollutants around the world. The present study aimed to assess the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in tissues of the snail cyclope neritea, water and sediments from two sites of the study area (Temsah lake and Suez canal) represent polluted and unpolluted sites respectively. The results showed that, the levels of the heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Co, Mg and Zn) in the polluted area have reached harmful limits recorded globally. Lead in water, sediment and tissue of the snail reached to 0.95 ppm, 4.54 ppm and 7.93 ppm respectively. Cadmium reached 0.31 ppm, 1.15 ppm and 3.08 ppm in the corresponding samples. Cobalt was not detected in water, but it reached 1.42 ppm and 10.36 ppm in the sediment and snails tissue respectively. Magnesium in water, sediment and tissue of the snail reached 3.73 ppm, 9.44 ppm and12.6 ppm respectively. Zinc reached 0.11 ppm, 3.89 ppm and 12.60ppm in the corresponding samples. Mean...

Egyptian journal of aquatic biology and fisheries, 2009

plectana macintoshii Travassos,1931 from the intestine of Bufo regularis was described and illust... more plectana macintoshii Travassos,1931 from the intestine of Bufo regularis was described and illustrated. A. macintoshii adult worms are small dieocious nematodes. Males are distinguishable from females by their smaller size, long slender curved posterior end and accessory copulatory structures with two equal spicules. Cuticle with longitudinal and circular annulations and somatic papillae. Mouth is small opening surrounded by three lips. Each lip bears two conspicuous papillae. The alimentary canal is composed of mouth that leads to oesophageal corpus, oesophageal bulb, intestine and rectum. The reproductive system of A. macintoshii is tubular. Females have two genital tubes that are distinguished into two ovaries, oviducts, uteri which join to form a single vagina which opens to the exterior through the vulva that lies near the anterior end of the body. The male genital tube consists of a blind-ending testis, seminal vesicle, vas deferens and the ejaculatory duct which opens into th...

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2018

In present study, three known species insect parasitic nematodes were recovered from Periplaneta ... more In present study, three known species insect parasitic nematodes were recovered from Periplaneta americana collected from uptown Zagazig City. These nematodes were 1- Hammerschmidtiella dieingi, 2- Leidynema meerutensis, and 3- Thelastoma bulhoesi collected from the hindgut of the host P. americana. These parasites were studied by using light microscope, SEM and TEM.

In the current study, the hydatid cyst-induced tissue lesions in liver and lung of camels and she... more In the current study, the hydatid cyst-induced tissue lesions in liver and lung of camels and sheep infected with Egyptian strain of E. granulosus was evaluated and the fine structures of the protoscolices by scanning electron microscope (SEM) was described. The results indicated that both fertile and sterile hydatid cysts could lead to various degree of tissue lesions visualized mainly as necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue degeneration other histopathological changes occurred in lung and liver of infected animals due to infection with hydatid cyst. Tissue lesion associated with hydatidosis was described. SEM showed envaginated, invaginated protoscolex and the broad capsule of hydatid cyst. There were two types of hooks, large (upper row) and small (lower row) in hydatid cyst protoscolices; with microtriches on different regions.

In the present study 35 male and female Scincusscincuslizard were collected from different locali... more In the present study 35 male and female Scincusscincuslizard were collected from different localities around Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia and investigated for Sarcocystis infection. Light microscopic examination of muscle cryosections and fecal samples indicate the infection of skeletal muscles only with sarcocysts of the genus Sarcocystis. No indication for the shedding of any coccidian oocysts and/or sporocysts were proved. This natural infection were concentrated in the tail muscles followed by the hind limb. The infection rate of such infection was about 11%(4/35). Light microscopic examination of semithin sections showed microscopically visible sarcocysts limited by thin cyst wall. Clear septa extending from the ground substance into the cyst interior dividing it into several compartments were observed. Cyst zoites were differentiated into cyst merozoites and metrocystes.Transmission electron microscopic examination showed the architecture and ornaments of the primary cyst wall an...

Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research

A parasitological survey on 1474 fresh water crayfish Procambarus clarkii was carried out during ... more A parasitological survey on 1474 fresh water crayfish Procambarus clarkii was carried out during the period from January 2013 till May 2014 from different canals at Sharkia, Dakahlia and Kafr El-Sheikh Provinces in Egypt. Out of the examined crayfish , 8 were found to be infected with ectoparasitic protozoan Epistylis cambari on the gill filaments with percentage of infection 0.54%. Infection rates were varied between investigated areas, the percentages of infection were 0.21%, 0.57% and 2.7% at Sharkia, Dakahlia and Kafr El-Sheikh provinces respectively. Regarding to the seasonal prevalence of Epistylis cambari in examined crayfishes the peak of infection at Sharkia Province was recorded in summer (3.5%) , while at Dakahlia and Kafr El-Sheikh Provinces was detected in spring (1.13%) and (5.12%) respectively. The present study revealed that 11 out of 1474 (0.88%) were infected by one or more parasitic nematode larvae Strongyloides stercoralis that were observed in hemoceol of crayfish .The percentages of infection were 0.31%, 2.3% and 1.3% at Sharkia, Dakahlia and Kafr El-Sheikh Provinces respectively. Concerning to the seasonal prevalence of nematode larvae in examined crayfish, the peak of infection at Sharkia Province was detected in spring (4.5 %) ,while at Dakahlia Province was in summer (3.2%) and at Kafr El-Sheikh Province was in spring (1.5%). No infection was detected in winter and autumn.

Parasitologists United Journal

Schistosomiasis is caused by blood flukes including all Schistosoma species. It affects about 207... more Schistosomiasis is caused by blood flukes including all Schistosoma species. It affects about 207 million persons in 76 countries across the world, and is more prevalent in developing countries where about 800 million people are at the risk of schistosomiasis [1]. Following oviposition, schistosomes eggs that failed to exit with either urine or stools are carried back into the liver to be lodged in the pre-sinusoidal capillaries. The eggs are in intimate contact with the capillary endothelium before and during the generation of the granulomatous response [2]. Schistosoma miracidium inside the ovum secretes glycoprotein antigens that pass through microscopic pores within the egg shell, so are called SEA. These antigens elicit a vigorous immune response that encapsulates the ova in pre-granuloma collagen fibers and immune cells, predominantly eosinophils and macrophages. The granuloma formation presents a barrier to sequester egg toxicity and antigenicity. Fibrosis of granulation tissues leads to disturbance of hepatic parenchymal architecture including its vasculature [3]. Despite portal vascular impairment, it was found that the total hepatic blood flow remained within normal limits with normal parenchymal cell perfusion, accompanied by absent gross changes in hepatic function tests. This was attributed to hepatic neovascular formation in the

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical Entomology & Parasitology

Journal of Medical Entomology and Parasitology is one of the series issued quarterly by the Egypt... more Journal of Medical Entomology and Parasitology is one of the series issued quarterly by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. It is an important specialist journal covering the latest advances in that subject. It publishes original research and review papers on all aspects of basic and applied medical entomology, parasitology and host-parasite relationships, including the latest discoveries in parasite biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, ecology and epidemiology in the content of the biological, medical entomology and veterinary sciences. In addition to that, the journal promotes research on the impact of living organisms on their environment with emphasis on subjects such a resource, depletion, pollution, biodiversity, ecosystem…..etc. www.eajbs.eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.

Parasitologists United Journal

Background: The emergence of chemotherapy resistant schistosomes necessitates finding new prophyl... more Background: The emergence of chemotherapy resistant schistosomes necessitates finding new prophylaxis strategies based on immunization by using a modified vaccine candidate. Objective: To assess the potential of an anti-schistosomal vaccine modified by nanotechnology. Material and Methods: Soluble adult worm antigen preparation (SWAP) either crude or/and loaded on chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were used. The anti-schistosomal impact was assessed in terms of stools egg count, worm burden and ultrastructural study of juvenile and adult schistosomes. Results: Chitosan nanoparticles potentiated SWAP efficacy to exceed the impact of crude SWAP. The combination of SWAP loaded on CSNPs and crude SWAP showed the best immunization effects regarding adult worm number and fecundity, as well as morphological and tegumental distortion of juvenile than adult stages. Conclusion: Modified SWAP on CSNPs gave better results in anti-schistosome immunization than crude SWAP. Immunization by combining different antigens gave the best results.