Hossam Zahran - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Hossam Zahran
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology (Print), Jun 1, 2016
Effects of triflumuron (Baycidal 25%) on newly fifth larval instars of Sopdoptera littoralis were... more Effects of triflumuron (Baycidal 25%) on newly fifth larval instars of Sopdoptera littoralis were studied by a topical bioassay for the doses of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 5 and 10 µl/larva. The growth inhibition percentages were calculated during the experiment until 72 hours from the treatment, and were ranged between 8.7 to 58.53 %. Larval mortality percentages ranged between 40 and 82.5 %, while it was 2.5% in the control. The results showed reduction in the pupae weight values of S.littoralis, these values were between 239.25 to 178.28 mg while it weighed 250.8 mg in the control. Inhibition of adult formation percentages were calculated from larval stage until the adult formation, were ranged between 57.5, 92.5%, while it was 5% in the control. The histological studies illustrated heavily destruction of the reproductive tract of male when triflumuron were applied. Sex ratio of male (SR) was affected and ranged between 47.3 to 100%. Also, on the other hand, the lethal dose of triflumuron (LD 50 =0.006 µl/Larva) on chitin formation caused inhibition in the larval growth of the cotton leafworm. The chitin formation ratio value displayed 44.96 mg/gm for the control, while it was 15.38 mg/gm with LD 50 =0.006 µl/Larva.
Alexandria journal of agricultural research, 2009
Journal of Entomology, Dec 15, 2017
Journal of the Advances in Agricultural Researches, Dec 1, 2014
The susceptibility of Culex pipiens larvae to some insecticides commonly used in mosquito control... more The susceptibility of Culex pipiens larvae to some insecticides commonly used in mosquito control programs ]cypermethrin (Sparkill ®), deltamethrin (Embrator ®), temephos (Temepest ®) and spinosad (Tracer ®)[ was investigated, also variations in esterases and glutathione S-transferases (GST) activities among three field populations (Abou homoss, Nadi El Said, Montaza) were measured and compared with a laboratory susceptible strain (S). The highest level of resistance against the tested insecticides was found in Abouhomoss strain (27.3, 22.2 and 24.8-fold) and the lowest level of resistance was recorded in Montaza strain (12.75, 15.17 and 8.17-fold) towards cypermethrin, deltamethrin and temephos, respectively. On the other hand, all strains recorded no resistance against spinosad (Tracer®). All field strains revealed significantly higher levels of GST and esterases activities compared with the laboratory susceptible strain. The results of the present study suggest that esterases and glutathione S-transferases enzymes have major role in Culex pipiens resistance to the evaluated insecticides.
Aims: The main objective of the present study was to investigate the larvicidal effect of some bi... more Aims: The main objective of the present study was to investigate the larvicidal effect of some biological control agents like Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (B.t.i.) and some natural control agents as Diflubenzuron, Azadirachtin and Emamectin benzoate on Culex pipiens mosquito. The toxicity of binary mixtures of these control agents was also assessed. Methodology: The larval susceptibility test of C. pipiens was estimated when the third instar were treated with Azadirachtin, B. bassiana, B.t.i., Diflubenzuron, Emamectin benzoate and Deltamethrin (reference compound). Series of concentrations for each compound in addition to control were replicated four times. Mortality counts were carried out after 24, 48 and 72hr of treatment. To determine the joint toxic action of the tested compounds, the calculated LC12.5, LC25 and LC50 (after 72hr) were used alone (to calculate the expected mortalities) and in bi-mixtures. For each treatment, four replicates of 3...
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal: An International Quarterly Journal of Science Agricultural Environments, Mar 30, 2010
The present study aimed to assess and to evaluate some of the sustainable and safe measures again... more The present study aimed to assess and to evaluate some of the sustainable and safe measures against Culex pipiens mosquito larva that can be implemented in areas at risk of contacting elephantiasis. The joint toxic action of these control measures was also studied. Data showed that Deltamethrin (LC 50 =0.021ppm) was more toxic than Bacillus thurengiensis var. israelensis, diflubenzuron, emamectin benzoate and azadiractin by 2.0, 491.42, 59.0 and 143.8 fold, respectively, after 24hr. Also, after 48hr Deltamethrin (LC 50 = 0.004 ppm) was 4.0, 1102.5, 25 and 232.5 times more toxic than Vectobac G, diflubenzuron, emamectin benzoate and azadiractin, respectively, after 48hr. After 72hr the toxicity of Deltamethrin (LC 50 =0.003 ppm) was 3.0, 206.66, 23.33, 246.66 fold more toxic than B.t.i., diflubenzuron, emamectin benzoate and azadiractin, respectively. Toxicity of Beauveria bassiana was very low compared with all the tested control measures with LC 50 value 1.85ml/L after 72hr of exposure. Data of joint toxic action revealed that, all mixtures of Beauveria bassiana with diflubenzuron and all mixtures of diflubenzuron with azadiractin resulted in antagonistic effects. Approximately, all other binary mixtures resulted in potentiating effects. The highest potentiating effect was obtained when the mixture of LC 12.5 B.t.i. + LC 12.5 Deltamethrin was used. Finally, the use of some binary mixtures of the tested control measures can achieve better control, reduce control cost and induce lesser environmental pollution.
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal: An International Quarterly Journal of Science Agricultural Environments, Jun 1, 2013
The effect of methanolic plant extracts from Solanum nigrum, Acokanthera spectabilis and Heliotro... more The effect of methanolic plant extracts from Solanum nigrum, Acokanthera spectabilis and Heliotropium aegyptiacum were investigated on the larval mortality and development of Culex pipiens L. Also, the effects of the LC 50 of the three plant extracts on the larval haemogram were studied. Plant extracts exhibited variable bioactivities. The greatest activity was observed for S. nigrum which showed LC 50 values of 130.8 ppm after 48 hr of exposure, respectively. Percentage of larval mortality was 67.5% in the treatment with extracts of S. nigrum and 66.5% in case of A. spectabilis at 500ppm. Egg hatchability was not significantly reduced in all S. nigrum concentrations. All concentrations of the plant extracts from S. nigrum, A. spectabilis and H. aegyptiacum caused significant hindrance to the subsequent larval development and reduced both pupation and adult emergence. Drastic retardation of development was shown by S. nigrum extracts, where only 18.1% and 8.5% of the larval managed to reach pupal and adult stages, respectively, when reared in 100 ppm of the extract. However, A. spectabilis and H. aegyptiacum were more effective at higher concentrations. Moreover, the effects of the LC 50 of tested plant extracts caused a reduction in the number of haemocytes and also markedly decreased the haemocytes surface areas. Application of such plant extracts to mosquito breeding site may have great practical importance in relation to non-synthetic chemical control of this serious disease vectors.
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal: An International Quarterly Journal of Science Agricultural Environments, Dec 30, 2010
This study was carried out to evaluate the biological effects of two IGRs (Match ® and Baycidal ®... more This study was carried out to evaluate the biological effects of two IGRs (Match ® and Baycidal ®) on Culex pipiens mosquitoes when fed the adults on sugar solution mixed with 0.1, 0.5 and 1 ppm of each compound. Some delayed effects of these treatments were also determined. The results indicated that the use of each of the tested IGRs caused a reduction in the blood-feeding activity of mosquito female when compared with the controls. The reductions were 18.2, 22.7 and 31.8% by using Match and 25, 27.3 and 36.3% by using Baycidal ® , respectively, at the tested concentrations. The reduction in biting activity of mosquito females may lead to a decrease in the number of fully engorged females and accordingly affect their reproductive capacity of mosquitoes. The use of Match ® and Baycidal ® at the tested concentrations caused a marked prolongation in the time needed for blood meal digestion by C. pipiens females. The prolongation percentages were 44.4, 48,8 and 55.5% by using Match and 51.1, 55.5 and 62.2% by using Baycidal ® , respectively. Also, treatments caused a reduction in the reproductive capacity. The maximum decreasing in egg production was 30.3% at concentration of 1 ppm of Match ®. The result showed that the treatment by Baycidal ® at 0.1, 0.5 and 1ppm led to a remarkable reduction in the egg production by 61.9, 66.1 and 69.2%, respectively and also the hatchability was reduced in the treated females. Subsequent study was carried out to investigate the delayed effect of IGRs Match ® and Baycidal ® on the hatched larvae. The result showed that the larval development was gradually inhibited by 17.8, 49.8 and 92.7% by using Match ® at 0.1, 0.5 and 1 ppm, respectively. On the other hand the larval development was completely inhibited after the treatment of adults fed by 0.5 and 1 ppm Baycidal ®. The larvae developed till the 2 nd instar but completely failed in molting to the 3 rd instar. Subsequent study was conduced on the effect of Match ® and Baycidal ® on the longevity of the survived mosquito adults that, the records showed that no significant differences in the mean of adult longevity between treatments and control.
Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 2017
Journal of Entomology, 2015
Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 2011
Twelve monoterpenes were evaluated for larvicidal and adulticidal activities towards Culex pipien... more Twelve monoterpenes were evaluated for larvicidal and adulticidal activities towards Culex pipiens. Geraniol and cuminaldehyde were the most toxic monoterpenes to larvae, with LC 50 values of 38.6 and 38.9 mg/l after 24 h of treatment, respectively, whereas cuminaldehyde was the most potent compound after 48 h of treatment, followed by geraniol and thymol. In fumigant toxicity experiments, (R)-carvone and geraniol were the most toxic monoterpenes against the adults at all three tested concentrations and after both 24 and 48 h. When tested at sublethal concentrations (0.5 LC 50), (R)-carvone, (S)-limonene and cuminaldehyde decreased hatchability, pupation and adult emergence and induced high larval mortality. Our results suggest that geraniol, cuminaldehyde and (R)-carvone are promising toxicants against Culex pipiens and could be useful in the search for new natural insecticides.
Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 2011
Twelve monoterpenes were evaluated for larvicidal and adulticidal activities towards Culex pipien... more Twelve monoterpenes were evaluated for larvicidal and adulticidal activities towards Culex pipiens. Geraniol and cuminaldehyde were the most toxic monoterpenes to larvae, with LC 50 values of 38.6 and 38.9 mg/l after 24 h of treatment, respectively, whereas cuminaldehyde was the most potent compound after 48 h of treatment, followed by geraniol and thymol. In fumigant toxicity experiments, (R)-carvone and geraniol were the most toxic monoterpenes against the adults at all three tested concentrations and after both 24 and 48 h. When tested at sublethal concentrations (0.5 LC 50), (R)-carvone, (S)-limonene and cuminaldehyde decreased hatchability, pupation and adult emergence and induced high larval mortality. Our results suggest that geraniol, cuminaldehyde and (R)-carvone are promising toxicants against Culex pipiens and could be useful in the search for new natural insecticides.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology (Print), Jun 1, 2016
Effects of triflumuron (Baycidal 25%) on newly fifth larval instars of Sopdoptera littoralis were... more Effects of triflumuron (Baycidal 25%) on newly fifth larval instars of Sopdoptera littoralis were studied by a topical bioassay for the doses of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 5 and 10 µl/larva. The growth inhibition percentages were calculated during the experiment until 72 hours from the treatment, and were ranged between 8.7 to 58.53 %. Larval mortality percentages ranged between 40 and 82.5 %, while it was 2.5% in the control. The results showed reduction in the pupae weight values of S.littoralis, these values were between 239.25 to 178.28 mg while it weighed 250.8 mg in the control. Inhibition of adult formation percentages were calculated from larval stage until the adult formation, were ranged between 57.5, 92.5%, while it was 5% in the control. The histological studies illustrated heavily destruction of the reproductive tract of male when triflumuron were applied. Sex ratio of male (SR) was affected and ranged between 47.3 to 100%. Also, on the other hand, the lethal dose of triflumuron (LD 50 =0.006 µl/Larva) on chitin formation caused inhibition in the larval growth of the cotton leafworm. The chitin formation ratio value displayed 44.96 mg/gm for the control, while it was 15.38 mg/gm with LD 50 =0.006 µl/Larva.
Alexandria journal of agricultural research, 2009
Journal of Entomology, Dec 15, 2017
Journal of the Advances in Agricultural Researches, Dec 1, 2014
The susceptibility of Culex pipiens larvae to some insecticides commonly used in mosquito control... more The susceptibility of Culex pipiens larvae to some insecticides commonly used in mosquito control programs ]cypermethrin (Sparkill ®), deltamethrin (Embrator ®), temephos (Temepest ®) and spinosad (Tracer ®)[ was investigated, also variations in esterases and glutathione S-transferases (GST) activities among three field populations (Abou homoss, Nadi El Said, Montaza) were measured and compared with a laboratory susceptible strain (S). The highest level of resistance against the tested insecticides was found in Abouhomoss strain (27.3, 22.2 and 24.8-fold) and the lowest level of resistance was recorded in Montaza strain (12.75, 15.17 and 8.17-fold) towards cypermethrin, deltamethrin and temephos, respectively. On the other hand, all strains recorded no resistance against spinosad (Tracer®). All field strains revealed significantly higher levels of GST and esterases activities compared with the laboratory susceptible strain. The results of the present study suggest that esterases and glutathione S-transferases enzymes have major role in Culex pipiens resistance to the evaluated insecticides.
Aims: The main objective of the present study was to investigate the larvicidal effect of some bi... more Aims: The main objective of the present study was to investigate the larvicidal effect of some biological control agents like Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (B.t.i.) and some natural control agents as Diflubenzuron, Azadirachtin and Emamectin benzoate on Culex pipiens mosquito. The toxicity of binary mixtures of these control agents was also assessed. Methodology: The larval susceptibility test of C. pipiens was estimated when the third instar were treated with Azadirachtin, B. bassiana, B.t.i., Diflubenzuron, Emamectin benzoate and Deltamethrin (reference compound). Series of concentrations for each compound in addition to control were replicated four times. Mortality counts were carried out after 24, 48 and 72hr of treatment. To determine the joint toxic action of the tested compounds, the calculated LC12.5, LC25 and LC50 (after 72hr) were used alone (to calculate the expected mortalities) and in bi-mixtures. For each treatment, four replicates of 3...
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal: An International Quarterly Journal of Science Agricultural Environments, Mar 30, 2010
The present study aimed to assess and to evaluate some of the sustainable and safe measures again... more The present study aimed to assess and to evaluate some of the sustainable and safe measures against Culex pipiens mosquito larva that can be implemented in areas at risk of contacting elephantiasis. The joint toxic action of these control measures was also studied. Data showed that Deltamethrin (LC 50 =0.021ppm) was more toxic than Bacillus thurengiensis var. israelensis, diflubenzuron, emamectin benzoate and azadiractin by 2.0, 491.42, 59.0 and 143.8 fold, respectively, after 24hr. Also, after 48hr Deltamethrin (LC 50 = 0.004 ppm) was 4.0, 1102.5, 25 and 232.5 times more toxic than Vectobac G, diflubenzuron, emamectin benzoate and azadiractin, respectively, after 48hr. After 72hr the toxicity of Deltamethrin (LC 50 =0.003 ppm) was 3.0, 206.66, 23.33, 246.66 fold more toxic than B.t.i., diflubenzuron, emamectin benzoate and azadiractin, respectively. Toxicity of Beauveria bassiana was very low compared with all the tested control measures with LC 50 value 1.85ml/L after 72hr of exposure. Data of joint toxic action revealed that, all mixtures of Beauveria bassiana with diflubenzuron and all mixtures of diflubenzuron with azadiractin resulted in antagonistic effects. Approximately, all other binary mixtures resulted in potentiating effects. The highest potentiating effect was obtained when the mixture of LC 12.5 B.t.i. + LC 12.5 Deltamethrin was used. Finally, the use of some binary mixtures of the tested control measures can achieve better control, reduce control cost and induce lesser environmental pollution.
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal: An International Quarterly Journal of Science Agricultural Environments, Jun 1, 2013
The effect of methanolic plant extracts from Solanum nigrum, Acokanthera spectabilis and Heliotro... more The effect of methanolic plant extracts from Solanum nigrum, Acokanthera spectabilis and Heliotropium aegyptiacum were investigated on the larval mortality and development of Culex pipiens L. Also, the effects of the LC 50 of the three plant extracts on the larval haemogram were studied. Plant extracts exhibited variable bioactivities. The greatest activity was observed for S. nigrum which showed LC 50 values of 130.8 ppm after 48 hr of exposure, respectively. Percentage of larval mortality was 67.5% in the treatment with extracts of S. nigrum and 66.5% in case of A. spectabilis at 500ppm. Egg hatchability was not significantly reduced in all S. nigrum concentrations. All concentrations of the plant extracts from S. nigrum, A. spectabilis and H. aegyptiacum caused significant hindrance to the subsequent larval development and reduced both pupation and adult emergence. Drastic retardation of development was shown by S. nigrum extracts, where only 18.1% and 8.5% of the larval managed to reach pupal and adult stages, respectively, when reared in 100 ppm of the extract. However, A. spectabilis and H. aegyptiacum were more effective at higher concentrations. Moreover, the effects of the LC 50 of tested plant extracts caused a reduction in the number of haemocytes and also markedly decreased the haemocytes surface areas. Application of such plant extracts to mosquito breeding site may have great practical importance in relation to non-synthetic chemical control of this serious disease vectors.
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal: An International Quarterly Journal of Science Agricultural Environments, Dec 30, 2010
This study was carried out to evaluate the biological effects of two IGRs (Match ® and Baycidal ®... more This study was carried out to evaluate the biological effects of two IGRs (Match ® and Baycidal ®) on Culex pipiens mosquitoes when fed the adults on sugar solution mixed with 0.1, 0.5 and 1 ppm of each compound. Some delayed effects of these treatments were also determined. The results indicated that the use of each of the tested IGRs caused a reduction in the blood-feeding activity of mosquito female when compared with the controls. The reductions were 18.2, 22.7 and 31.8% by using Match and 25, 27.3 and 36.3% by using Baycidal ® , respectively, at the tested concentrations. The reduction in biting activity of mosquito females may lead to a decrease in the number of fully engorged females and accordingly affect their reproductive capacity of mosquitoes. The use of Match ® and Baycidal ® at the tested concentrations caused a marked prolongation in the time needed for blood meal digestion by C. pipiens females. The prolongation percentages were 44.4, 48,8 and 55.5% by using Match and 51.1, 55.5 and 62.2% by using Baycidal ® , respectively. Also, treatments caused a reduction in the reproductive capacity. The maximum decreasing in egg production was 30.3% at concentration of 1 ppm of Match ®. The result showed that the treatment by Baycidal ® at 0.1, 0.5 and 1ppm led to a remarkable reduction in the egg production by 61.9, 66.1 and 69.2%, respectively and also the hatchability was reduced in the treated females. Subsequent study was carried out to investigate the delayed effect of IGRs Match ® and Baycidal ® on the hatched larvae. The result showed that the larval development was gradually inhibited by 17.8, 49.8 and 92.7% by using Match ® at 0.1, 0.5 and 1 ppm, respectively. On the other hand the larval development was completely inhibited after the treatment of adults fed by 0.5 and 1 ppm Baycidal ®. The larvae developed till the 2 nd instar but completely failed in molting to the 3 rd instar. Subsequent study was conduced on the effect of Match ® and Baycidal ® on the longevity of the survived mosquito adults that, the records showed that no significant differences in the mean of adult longevity between treatments and control.
Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 2017
Journal of Entomology, 2015
Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 2011
Twelve monoterpenes were evaluated for larvicidal and adulticidal activities towards Culex pipien... more Twelve monoterpenes were evaluated for larvicidal and adulticidal activities towards Culex pipiens. Geraniol and cuminaldehyde were the most toxic monoterpenes to larvae, with LC 50 values of 38.6 and 38.9 mg/l after 24 h of treatment, respectively, whereas cuminaldehyde was the most potent compound after 48 h of treatment, followed by geraniol and thymol. In fumigant toxicity experiments, (R)-carvone and geraniol were the most toxic monoterpenes against the adults at all three tested concentrations and after both 24 and 48 h. When tested at sublethal concentrations (0.5 LC 50), (R)-carvone, (S)-limonene and cuminaldehyde decreased hatchability, pupation and adult emergence and induced high larval mortality. Our results suggest that geraniol, cuminaldehyde and (R)-carvone are promising toxicants against Culex pipiens and could be useful in the search for new natural insecticides.
Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 2011
Twelve monoterpenes were evaluated for larvicidal and adulticidal activities towards Culex pipien... more Twelve monoterpenes were evaluated for larvicidal and adulticidal activities towards Culex pipiens. Geraniol and cuminaldehyde were the most toxic monoterpenes to larvae, with LC 50 values of 38.6 and 38.9 mg/l after 24 h of treatment, respectively, whereas cuminaldehyde was the most potent compound after 48 h of treatment, followed by geraniol and thymol. In fumigant toxicity experiments, (R)-carvone and geraniol were the most toxic monoterpenes against the adults at all three tested concentrations and after both 24 and 48 h. When tested at sublethal concentrations (0.5 LC 50), (R)-carvone, (S)-limonene and cuminaldehyde decreased hatchability, pupation and adult emergence and induced high larval mortality. Our results suggest that geraniol, cuminaldehyde and (R)-carvone are promising toxicants against Culex pipiens and could be useful in the search for new natural insecticides.