IJRAME Journal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by IJRAME Journal

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

This research explores the development of airfoils optimized for low-observable aerodynamic appli... more This research explores the development of airfoils optimized for low-observable aerodynamic applications, balancing stealth characteristics with aerodynamic performance. A comprehensive analysis of over 100 NACA airfoils identified NACA 2412 and NACA 0012 as the optimal choice due to its favorable radar cross-section (RCS) and high lift-to-drag ratio (L/D), essential for subsonic efficiency. Initial aerodynamic evaluations using XFLR5 supported the NACA 0012 2412's performance, aligning with previous findings (Li et al., 2016; Ander-son, 2011). Detailed CFD simulations with ANSYS Fluent, applying Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and the k-epsilon turbulence model, established a robust baseline for the airfoil's flow characteristics (Shyy et al., 2013; Versteeg and Malalasekera, 2007). To further refine the design, adjoint-based shape optimization was conducted using SU2, an open-source tool known for its advanced adjoint solvers and computational efficiency. Comparative analysis between the baseline ANSYS Fluent results and SU2-optimized simulations demonstrated significant performance improvements, including reduced drag and maintained lift and stability. This comparative study underscores SU2's effectiveness in enhancing stealth airfoil design, reflecting its superior capability in high fidelity aerodynamic optimization (Alonso et al., 2016-2024). The integration of SU2 into the design process highlights its potential for advancing low-observable aircraft technology.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

Cryogenic treatment is a thermal treatment process in which parts are usually cooled to temperatu... more Cryogenic treatment is a thermal treatment process in which parts are usually cooled to temperatures below −70 °C (< 203 K) to induce metallurgical changes in materials. The treatment showed a significant performance improvement in most ferrous materials and their alloys by transforming retained austenite to martensite and precipitating secondary carbides. However, the effect of such low-temperature treatment on highly stable super-hard materials such as tungsten carbide (commonly referred to as “cemented carbide”) is uncertain. However, researchers have reported the precipitation of etaphase carbides, densification of cobalt binder, refinement of tungsten carbide grains, phase transformation of cobalt, and changes in residual stress in cryogenically treated tungsten carbide (WC-Co) materials, which resulted in increased hardness and wear resistance. Hence, this paper focuses on summarizing the cryogenic treatment parameters used in different studies, the rate of performance improvement in different applications, and the reported mechanical and metallurgical changes, which would serve as a pool of knowledge for further studies.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

Construction projects utilizing the agile technique may go seamlessly as long as each stage of th... more Construction projects utilizing the agile technique may go seamlessly as long as each stage of the project is effectively supervised. An essential principle of an agile approach is that project alterations may be made as work is being performed, with minimum impact on other project components. This study employs the influential project factors, with specific emphasis on the project timeline. To determine the cause of the project schedule delay, the RII approach is employed. Subsequently, a poll of experts in the area assesses the impact of the component with a higher score on the timeliness of the project. Now, proceed to give the answer. The project timeline was affected by several factors, including an imprecise estimation of the required time for completion due to inexperience or unexpected events, insufficient resources, a delay in the delivery of essential materials to the site, and the contractor's financial capacity being hindered by the owner's delayed payment. According to RII's investigations, the primary factor contributing to timetable delays in Iraqi projects is the logistical delay in procuring and

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

Improvement in wear resistance and hardness of cutting tool material is one of the most important... more Improvement in wear resistance and hardness of cutting tool material is one of the most important challenges in machining operation. This issue can be overcome by improving the wear resistance and hardness by cryogenic treatment of tungsten carbide. In this work it is tried to study the effect of different soaking periods in cryogenic treatment of tungsten carbide. The experiments were conducted at temperature of 88K at different soaking periods of 8hrs, 20hrs, 24hrs and 30hrs, on commercially used tungsten carbide. Further efforts were made to quantify and confirm the effect of different soaking period along with the mechanism responsible for change in the hardness and wear resistance by measuring Rockwell hardness and weight loss during wear test. The obtained result shows that there is a significant decrease in weight loss of 8hr soaked sample out of different soaking periods but, there was no change in bulk hardness. The weight loss during sliding wear test indicates the cryogenically treated tungsten carbide is more wear resistance due to increase in population density of carbides. Microstructure analysis of worn surface reflects the mechanism behind the improvement of mechanical properties.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

Smart manufacturing is a design of production system that combines the product information with t... more Smart manufacturing is a design of production system that combines the product information with the internet of things based on wireless connection to improve productivity. The essential factor in developing the flow of material in smart manufacturing is the facility layout design. For that, the present article developed a new method to improve productivity. Various IT software packages are available in the market specifically designed for the manufacturing sector to cater to diverse manufacturing needs and requirements. The primary investigation assessed the impact of implementing risk management techniques on performance indicators by utilizing a combination of surveys, expert opinions, interviews, and exploratory research, drawing upon previous studies in the field of manufacturing. Due to the condensed nature of the user's content, it is not feasible to restructure it into an academic manner. The initial findings were obtained by calculating the average risk assessment. The identification of the relative importance index RII effect facilitated the determination of the consequences. The results of the results indicate a high level of resistance to change and a moderate level of effectiveness in scheduling and Information and Communication Technology based job planning, with scores The factors are the communication procedure, IT security expertise workflow for engineers and the impact of electronic communication. The MCDA results yielded outcomes that were both more accurate and practical.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

Manufacturing success depends on a well-managed supply chain since it may dramatically lower oper... more Manufacturing success depends on a well-managed supply chain since it may dramatically lower operational costs and boost profitability for a company. Supply chain management include distribution, production, and logistics. Each stage of the process, starting from generating ideas to promoting the final product, clearly displays its effectiveness. This study analyzed and assessed the risk variables associated with supply chain management to identify the specific dangers that affect this industry. Five categories were established based on the hazards that were identified. One sub-factor examines the underlying causes of the hazards linked with these variables. The surveys and the model underwent the MCDM approach to determine the most critical component in each group. The evaluation of hazards associated with managing the supply chain in Iraq was conducted using questionnaires and expert interviews. The specialists deemed the risk prognosis and the results to be exceptional.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

Engineers frequently aim to enhance the road's surface and texture in response to stress-induced ... more Engineers frequently aim to enhance the road's surface and texture in response to stress-induced reflection and deformation by reinforcing the underlying concrete structure of the pavement. Studies have shown that the utilization of crushed concrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) can enhance the performance and cost-efficiency of concrete. This study investigated the advancement of a durable concrete road surface capable of withstanding heavy vehicular loads. The experimental laboratory program consisted of four groups: standard concrete, concrete with crushed concrete, steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC), and a mixture of crushed concrete and SFRC. The simulation testing process involves two steps: first, separating a validation sample from a previous study, and second, widening the inquiry to analyze the impacts of different concrete pavement thicknesses and dimensions. Studies have demonstrated that the addition of crushed concrete at a rate of 10-20% and steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) at a rate of 40% may significantly enhance the performance of concrete with a compressive strength (FC) of 30 MPa. The results indicated that crushed concrete exhibited significantly higher shear strength compared to SFRC and ordinary concrete. In addition to the enhancement in shear strength, the overall performance of the concrete material was also improved. Ultimately, the incorporation of crushed concrete and Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) is accountable for the enhanced mechanical properties of concrete in all concrete pavements.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

This paper presents a detailed design and analysis of a turbine blade made from titanium alloy us... more This paper presents a detailed design and analysis of a turbine blade made from titanium alloy using ANSYS, a robust finite element analysis (FEA) tool. Turbine blades operate under extreme mechanical and thermal conditions, necessitating materials with exceptional properties. Titanium alloys are favoured for their high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and good thermal properties. This study investigates the structural integrity, stress distribution, deformation, and thermal behaviour of titanium alloy turbine blades under operational conditions. The results provide valuable insights for optimizing turbine blade design for improved performance and durability.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATION, 2024

In recent years, the use of lightweight materials with improved mechanical and tribological quali... more In recent years, the use of lightweight materials with improved mechanical and tribological qualities has significantly advanced. This study aims to develop an aluminum 2024 matrix alloy reinforced with 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weight percent of Al 2 O 3 using the stir casting technique. The alloy was melted at approximately 700°C, mixed with preheated Al 2 O 3 particles, and cast into a sand mold with various end chills, including graphite, mild steel, copper, brass, and cast iron, to facilitat e directional solidification. Mechanical testing revealed that the copper-chilled MMC achieved the highest hardness and strength at reinforcement levels of 9% and 12% by weight, respectively, with increases of 9.88% in strength and 16.66% in hardness compared to the base alloy. Micro structural examination showed uniform dispersion of nano alumina particles, contributing to improved wear resistance. The copper-chilled MMC exhibited high friction and modest wear at lower stresses but significant wear under higher loads. The incorporation of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles and the chilling effect enhanced the mechanical and tribological properties, resulting in a finer microstructure and better bonding between the reinforcement and matrix.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

The Copper Alloy-Zeng is an alloy of copper and zinc in proportions that can be varied to achieve... more The Copper Alloy-Zeng is an alloy of copper and zinc in proportions that can be varied to achieve various mechanical and electrical properties. In a mechanical system, the gears are an important component used to increase or decrease torque, change the direction of motion and transmit power from a motion system. The easy alternative for carrying out calculations and comparing them with real conditions is simulation analysis. The stress analysis uses the finite element method with Solidworks 2021 software to save time and costs. The aim of this research is to analyze Von Misses stress using the finite element method with Solidworks 2021 software on helical gears made from copper alloy type Copper Alloy C84400 to obtain the Von Misses value where the Von Misses value can predict material failure. The result of this research was the Von Misses Stress values in this study are based on different forces, namely 10 N, 20 N, 30 N, 40 N, and 50 N, which have Von Misses Stress values of 0.085 MPa, 0.171 MPa, 0.256 MPa, 0.341 MPa and 0.427 MPa. Because the Von Misses Stress value that occurs is below the yield strength value of 105 MPa, this helical gear only experiences elastic deformation. The results of the analysis of the helical gear at forces of 10 N, 20 N, 30 N, 40 N, and 50 N showed safety factor values of 1230, 615, 410, 308, and 246, indicating that the strength of the material > the stress that occurs. Therefore it can be said that this helical gear is not safe to use.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

As we know that fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle required long runways for takeoff and landing ... more As we know that fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle required long runways for takeoff and landing and also flight time then other. As it is difficult to have longer runway in city area, the need of vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) arises. VTOL aircraft is the type of flight systems which have the ability to take off and land vertically, then transition to horizontal flight, and also allowing an aircraft to cover long distances at high speed and also have advantage to takeoff and land in vertical manner without the need of runway. There are various applications of VTOL such as it can be used as ondemand air mobility, for cargo and package delivery, in healthcare applications, and in emergency services. The new and emerging trends of VTOL are that it can be use as air ambulance. Air Ambulance service is a board term that combines two meaning i.e. air transport with basic emergency medical services which is able to transport injured patients or sick patients to the healthcare facilities and from healthcare facilities. So, in other terms, we can say that it is basically like airlifting patients in case of emergencies. Here, we are focused to develop advance VTOL air ambulance which can be use in any condition and which are capable to carry out its work more precisely and efficiently.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PULICATIONS, 2024

This study thoroughly investigates the vibration responses of fibre-reinforced laminated composit... more This study thoroughly investigates the vibration responses of fibre-reinforced laminated composite plates, focusing on identifying mode shapes and calculating natural frequencies. Theoretical calculations, based on the material properties, geometric dimensions, and boundary conditions, were performed to determine the natural frequencies at which the plate vibrates naturally under dynamic loads. A comprehensive modal analysis using ANSYS software involved creating a detailed 3D model of the composite plate with ply orientations set at 0 degrees and 90 degrees to study the effects of fibre orientation on the plate's vibration characteristics. Mode shapes, representing specific deformation patterns at each natural frequency, were identified, providing critical insights into the movement of different parts of the plate during vibration. The comparison of theoretical natural frequencies with those derived from ANSYS simulations showed a strong correlation, validating the accuracy of both the theoretical models and the ANSYS simulations. The results highlighted the natural frequencies for specific modes (Mode 11, Mode 21, and Mode 22), showing close agreement between theoretical and analytical values. This study demonstrates that theoretical models can accurately predict the natural frequencies and mode shapes of fibrereinforced laminated composite plates. The close match between theoretical and analytical results underscores the reliability of ANSYS software for conducting modal analysis in composite materials. Identifying mode shapes and natural frequencies is crucial for designing and optimizing composite structures to withstand operational loads and dynamic forces without experiencing excessive vibrations or failures.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

In the thermal analysis of engine cylinders, fins are strategically placed on the cylinder surfac... more In the thermal analysis of engine cylinders, fins are strategically placed on the cylinder surface to enhance heat transfer through convection. Understanding the dissipation of heat from the engine cylinder via fins, as well as the stresses induced by temperature and pressure, is crucial for effective design and performance optimization. Previous literature surveys have indicated that Finite Element Method (FEM) analyses have been employed to study stresses and strains in engine components under individual conditions of pressure or temperature. However, in practical scenarios, engine chambers experience simultaneous temperature and pressure conditions. Therefore, it becomes imperative to investigate the deformations and stresses in the engine due to these combined effects to gain a comprehensive understanding and enable effective engine design, especially when integrating finned surfaces. This project considers several materials commonly used for engine blocks and extended surfaces, including aluminum 6061 alloy, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, and gray cast iron. The components are designed using CATIA V5 software, and analysis is conducted using ANSYS Workbench. The maximum operational conditions applied include an engine temperature of 600°C and a pressure of 2.068 MPa. Through FEM analysis, it has been determined that aluminum 6061 alloy demonstrates favorable results in both structural integrity and thermal heat dissipation when compared to the other materials studied. This finding underscores the material's suitability for withstanding the combined effects of high temperature and pressure within the engine chamber while effectively managing heat transfer through the finned surfaces. By leveraging these analytical tools and insights, engineers can make informed decisions regarding material selection and design optimization, ultimately contributing to the efficiency, reliability, and performance of engine systems in various operational conditions.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

Prosthetic limbs serve as indispensable tools in restoring mobility and enhancing the quality of ... more Prosthetic limbs serve as indispensable tools in restoring mobility and enhancing the quality of life for individuals with limb loss. This project focuses on the modeling and analysis of prosthetic legs, aiming to optimize their design for improved functionality and comfort. The study begins with an exploration of the significance of prostheses in enhancing the mobility and independence of amputees. Utilizing Solid Works for modeling and ANSYS for analysis, the project investigates the performance of prosthetic legs constructed from four distinct materials: Aluminum Alloy, Titanium Alloy, Carbon Fibre, and Structural Steel. These materials are selected based on their mechanical properties and suitability for prosthetic applications. The design and analysis stages involve simulating various activities that mimic the typical movements and stresses encountered during daily l ife, including walking and engaging in other essential tasks. By subjecting the prosthetic leg models to rigorous testing, the project evaluates their durability, strength, and overall performance under realistic conditions. The outcomes of this research provide valuable insights into the comparative advantages and limitations of different materials in prosthetic leg design. Additional ly, it offers recommendations for optimizing prosthetic limb design to better meet the diverse needs and preferences of users. Ultimately, this work contributes to advancing the field of prosthetic engineering, paving the way for the development of mor e efficient and user-friendly prosthetic solutions.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

Additive Manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, is transforming the medical field by enabling the cr... more Additive Manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, is transforming the medical field by enabling the creation of highly customized and complex medical devices and implants. This review examines AM's applications in prosthetics, orthotics, surgical instruments, and bioprinting. AM enhances patient-specific treatments by providing better-fitting prosthetics, tailored surgical instruments, and customized implants, leading to improved clinical outcomes. Additionally, bioprinting offers promising advancements in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Despite its benefits, AM faces challenges such as material limitations, regulatory hurdles, and technical constraints. Future directions include advances in bioprinting, integration with digital health technologies, and expansion of material options. As researchers and clinicians collaborate to overcome these challenges, AM is poised to play an increasingly crucial role in healthcare, enhancing patient care and advancing medical science.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

Suspension kinematics and design's primary function is to maximize the overall performance of a v... more Suspension kinematics and design's primary function is to maximize the overall performance of a vehicle as it cruises down the road. Suspension system also helps to absorb bumps in the road and provide a safe and comfortable ride. In the research paper we have analyzed the unsprung suspension design and calculated the dynamics and Kinematic forces on our Baja vehicle. An all-terrain vehicle (ATV) or a BAJA vehicle is defined as a motorized off-highway racing car designed to travel on four low-pressure or non-pneumatic tires, having a seat designed to be straddled by the operator and handlebars for steering control. Our college tech team Deltechbaja manufactures a Baja car every year for various competitions and events throughout the year. The initiation of building the car starts with the analysis and calculations of the suspension dynamics and unsprung parts of the vehicle through software's like lotus, Ansys and solid works.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

The quest for enhanced precision and compact design in robotics has led to significant innovation... more The quest for enhanced precision and compact design in robotics has led to significant innovations in gear drive technology. This article explores the development of a harmonic gear drive tailored for robotic joints, focusing on the intricate design, simulation, and application processes. Through comprehensive analysis, the study reveals new meshing parameters and flexspline dimensions, delivers advanced 3D finite element models for stress assessment, and provides insight into the torsional stiffness behavior of harmonic reducers. The research culminates in rigorous testing protocols, validating the design against stringent performance metrics and highlighting its suitability for precision-critical robotic functions.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

This paper presents the development of a thermal model for a novel flat, double-sided linear gene... more This paper presents the development of a thermal model for a novel flat, double-sided linear generator designed for use in free-piston engines. The study conducted in this paper examines the influence of temperature on the performance of the permeant magnet linear generator, an integral and pivotal component within the system. This research places particular emphasis on the Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) permanent magnet, which serves as a source of magnetic field for the linear generator. In this study, an internal combustion engine that tends to produce heat is connected to a generator. Considering the temperatures rise from both the combustion process and the thermal contributions of current-carrying conductors and frictional forces. Utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method, a thermal model of the (NdFeB) magnet within the linear generator is constructed and analyzed. Furthermore, the temperature field is examined to ensure that the linear generator operates under stable conditions without the risk of demagnetization.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

DESIGN OF AIRBAG ASSEMBLY FOR TWO WHEELER is an idea put forward with the safety concern for two ... more DESIGN OF AIRBAG ASSEMBLY FOR TWO WHEELER is an idea put forward with the safety concern for two wheeler rider. This concern has brought this project into existence. As per the statistic in 2022,462 deaths per day were recorded as death fatalities on road (7). This makes a rational mind to think what can be done for it. Then came the idea of airbag. Earlier airbag where used in four wheelers. But now exhaustive research is being made for two wheelers as well. This research paper is one of the ways to eradicate accidents by designing an airbag system. Airbag is designed in such a manner that it can be used by any two wheeler rider. This design is considered because it is simple and easy to understand and use. It includes design of various parts, design of the assembly and calculations of various parts. It includes it's working, installation and construction as well.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

Dispersion of nano clay has been one of the latest areas of research in the field of nanocomposit... more Dispersion of nano clay has been one of the latest areas of research in the field of nanocomposites. The purpose of this study was to evolve an optimum mixing technique that leads to uniform dispersion of nano clay in vinyl ester resin. Specifically, five combinations of incremental mixing intensity were applied to five groups of composites that were made of Nano clay/vinyl ester/Glass composites. In all groups of 4 wt. % of montmorillonite clay (MMT) was dispersed into vinyl ester. Changes in mechanical property associated with each mixing combination were tested through ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Finally, an optimum mixing combination was proposed. This study will be a meaningful addition to the current nanocomposites research literature because few studies were comprehensive ones where various mixing combinations were compared and ultimately an optimum mixing technique was recommended. The dispersion was studied through SEM

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

This research explores the development of airfoils optimized for low-observable aerodynamic appli... more This research explores the development of airfoils optimized for low-observable aerodynamic applications, balancing stealth characteristics with aerodynamic performance. A comprehensive analysis of over 100 NACA airfoils identified NACA 2412 and NACA 0012 as the optimal choice due to its favorable radar cross-section (RCS) and high lift-to-drag ratio (L/D), essential for subsonic efficiency. Initial aerodynamic evaluations using XFLR5 supported the NACA 0012 2412's performance, aligning with previous findings (Li et al., 2016; Ander-son, 2011). Detailed CFD simulations with ANSYS Fluent, applying Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and the k-epsilon turbulence model, established a robust baseline for the airfoil's flow characteristics (Shyy et al., 2013; Versteeg and Malalasekera, 2007). To further refine the design, adjoint-based shape optimization was conducted using SU2, an open-source tool known for its advanced adjoint solvers and computational efficiency. Comparative analysis between the baseline ANSYS Fluent results and SU2-optimized simulations demonstrated significant performance improvements, including reduced drag and maintained lift and stability. This comparative study underscores SU2's effectiveness in enhancing stealth airfoil design, reflecting its superior capability in high fidelity aerodynamic optimization (Alonso et al., 2016-2024). The integration of SU2 into the design process highlights its potential for advancing low-observable aircraft technology.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

Cryogenic treatment is a thermal treatment process in which parts are usually cooled to temperatu... more Cryogenic treatment is a thermal treatment process in which parts are usually cooled to temperatures below −70 °C (< 203 K) to induce metallurgical changes in materials. The treatment showed a significant performance improvement in most ferrous materials and their alloys by transforming retained austenite to martensite and precipitating secondary carbides. However, the effect of such low-temperature treatment on highly stable super-hard materials such as tungsten carbide (commonly referred to as “cemented carbide”) is uncertain. However, researchers have reported the precipitation of etaphase carbides, densification of cobalt binder, refinement of tungsten carbide grains, phase transformation of cobalt, and changes in residual stress in cryogenically treated tungsten carbide (WC-Co) materials, which resulted in increased hardness and wear resistance. Hence, this paper focuses on summarizing the cryogenic treatment parameters used in different studies, the rate of performance improvement in different applications, and the reported mechanical and metallurgical changes, which would serve as a pool of knowledge for further studies.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

Construction projects utilizing the agile technique may go seamlessly as long as each stage of th... more Construction projects utilizing the agile technique may go seamlessly as long as each stage of the project is effectively supervised. An essential principle of an agile approach is that project alterations may be made as work is being performed, with minimum impact on other project components. This study employs the influential project factors, with specific emphasis on the project timeline. To determine the cause of the project schedule delay, the RII approach is employed. Subsequently, a poll of experts in the area assesses the impact of the component with a higher score on the timeliness of the project. Now, proceed to give the answer. The project timeline was affected by several factors, including an imprecise estimation of the required time for completion due to inexperience or unexpected events, insufficient resources, a delay in the delivery of essential materials to the site, and the contractor's financial capacity being hindered by the owner's delayed payment. According to RII's investigations, the primary factor contributing to timetable delays in Iraqi projects is the logistical delay in procuring and

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

Improvement in wear resistance and hardness of cutting tool material is one of the most important... more Improvement in wear resistance and hardness of cutting tool material is one of the most important challenges in machining operation. This issue can be overcome by improving the wear resistance and hardness by cryogenic treatment of tungsten carbide. In this work it is tried to study the effect of different soaking periods in cryogenic treatment of tungsten carbide. The experiments were conducted at temperature of 88K at different soaking periods of 8hrs, 20hrs, 24hrs and 30hrs, on commercially used tungsten carbide. Further efforts were made to quantify and confirm the effect of different soaking period along with the mechanism responsible for change in the hardness and wear resistance by measuring Rockwell hardness and weight loss during wear test. The obtained result shows that there is a significant decrease in weight loss of 8hr soaked sample out of different soaking periods but, there was no change in bulk hardness. The weight loss during sliding wear test indicates the cryogenically treated tungsten carbide is more wear resistance due to increase in population density of carbides. Microstructure analysis of worn surface reflects the mechanism behind the improvement of mechanical properties.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

Smart manufacturing is a design of production system that combines the product information with t... more Smart manufacturing is a design of production system that combines the product information with the internet of things based on wireless connection to improve productivity. The essential factor in developing the flow of material in smart manufacturing is the facility layout design. For that, the present article developed a new method to improve productivity. Various IT software packages are available in the market specifically designed for the manufacturing sector to cater to diverse manufacturing needs and requirements. The primary investigation assessed the impact of implementing risk management techniques on performance indicators by utilizing a combination of surveys, expert opinions, interviews, and exploratory research, drawing upon previous studies in the field of manufacturing. Due to the condensed nature of the user's content, it is not feasible to restructure it into an academic manner. The initial findings were obtained by calculating the average risk assessment. The identification of the relative importance index RII effect facilitated the determination of the consequences. The results of the results indicate a high level of resistance to change and a moderate level of effectiveness in scheduling and Information and Communication Technology based job planning, with scores The factors are the communication procedure, IT security expertise workflow for engineers and the impact of electronic communication. The MCDA results yielded outcomes that were both more accurate and practical.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

Manufacturing success depends on a well-managed supply chain since it may dramatically lower oper... more Manufacturing success depends on a well-managed supply chain since it may dramatically lower operational costs and boost profitability for a company. Supply chain management include distribution, production, and logistics. Each stage of the process, starting from generating ideas to promoting the final product, clearly displays its effectiveness. This study analyzed and assessed the risk variables associated with supply chain management to identify the specific dangers that affect this industry. Five categories were established based on the hazards that were identified. One sub-factor examines the underlying causes of the hazards linked with these variables. The surveys and the model underwent the MCDM approach to determine the most critical component in each group. The evaluation of hazards associated with managing the supply chain in Iraq was conducted using questionnaires and expert interviews. The specialists deemed the risk prognosis and the results to be exceptional.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

Engineers frequently aim to enhance the road's surface and texture in response to stress-induced ... more Engineers frequently aim to enhance the road's surface and texture in response to stress-induced reflection and deformation by reinforcing the underlying concrete structure of the pavement. Studies have shown that the utilization of crushed concrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) can enhance the performance and cost-efficiency of concrete. This study investigated the advancement of a durable concrete road surface capable of withstanding heavy vehicular loads. The experimental laboratory program consisted of four groups: standard concrete, concrete with crushed concrete, steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC), and a mixture of crushed concrete and SFRC. The simulation testing process involves two steps: first, separating a validation sample from a previous study, and second, widening the inquiry to analyze the impacts of different concrete pavement thicknesses and dimensions. Studies have demonstrated that the addition of crushed concrete at a rate of 10-20% and steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) at a rate of 40% may significantly enhance the performance of concrete with a compressive strength (FC) of 30 MPa. The results indicated that crushed concrete exhibited significantly higher shear strength compared to SFRC and ordinary concrete. In addition to the enhancement in shear strength, the overall performance of the concrete material was also improved. Ultimately, the incorporation of crushed concrete and Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) is accountable for the enhanced mechanical properties of concrete in all concrete pavements.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

This paper presents a detailed design and analysis of a turbine blade made from titanium alloy us... more This paper presents a detailed design and analysis of a turbine blade made from titanium alloy using ANSYS, a robust finite element analysis (FEA) tool. Turbine blades operate under extreme mechanical and thermal conditions, necessitating materials with exceptional properties. Titanium alloys are favoured for their high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and good thermal properties. This study investigates the structural integrity, stress distribution, deformation, and thermal behaviour of titanium alloy turbine blades under operational conditions. The results provide valuable insights for optimizing turbine blade design for improved performance and durability.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATION, 2024

In recent years, the use of lightweight materials with improved mechanical and tribological quali... more In recent years, the use of lightweight materials with improved mechanical and tribological qualities has significantly advanced. This study aims to develop an aluminum 2024 matrix alloy reinforced with 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weight percent of Al 2 O 3 using the stir casting technique. The alloy was melted at approximately 700°C, mixed with preheated Al 2 O 3 particles, and cast into a sand mold with various end chills, including graphite, mild steel, copper, brass, and cast iron, to facilitat e directional solidification. Mechanical testing revealed that the copper-chilled MMC achieved the highest hardness and strength at reinforcement levels of 9% and 12% by weight, respectively, with increases of 9.88% in strength and 16.66% in hardness compared to the base alloy. Micro structural examination showed uniform dispersion of nano alumina particles, contributing to improved wear resistance. The copper-chilled MMC exhibited high friction and modest wear at lower stresses but significant wear under higher loads. The incorporation of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles and the chilling effect enhanced the mechanical and tribological properties, resulting in a finer microstructure and better bonding between the reinforcement and matrix.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

The Copper Alloy-Zeng is an alloy of copper and zinc in proportions that can be varied to achieve... more The Copper Alloy-Zeng is an alloy of copper and zinc in proportions that can be varied to achieve various mechanical and electrical properties. In a mechanical system, the gears are an important component used to increase or decrease torque, change the direction of motion and transmit power from a motion system. The easy alternative for carrying out calculations and comparing them with real conditions is simulation analysis. The stress analysis uses the finite element method with Solidworks 2021 software to save time and costs. The aim of this research is to analyze Von Misses stress using the finite element method with Solidworks 2021 software on helical gears made from copper alloy type Copper Alloy C84400 to obtain the Von Misses value where the Von Misses value can predict material failure. The result of this research was the Von Misses Stress values in this study are based on different forces, namely 10 N, 20 N, 30 N, 40 N, and 50 N, which have Von Misses Stress values of 0.085 MPa, 0.171 MPa, 0.256 MPa, 0.341 MPa and 0.427 MPa. Because the Von Misses Stress value that occurs is below the yield strength value of 105 MPa, this helical gear only experiences elastic deformation. The results of the analysis of the helical gear at forces of 10 N, 20 N, 30 N, 40 N, and 50 N showed safety factor values of 1230, 615, 410, 308, and 246, indicating that the strength of the material > the stress that occurs. Therefore it can be said that this helical gear is not safe to use.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

As we know that fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle required long runways for takeoff and landing ... more As we know that fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle required long runways for takeoff and landing and also flight time then other. As it is difficult to have longer runway in city area, the need of vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) arises. VTOL aircraft is the type of flight systems which have the ability to take off and land vertically, then transition to horizontal flight, and also allowing an aircraft to cover long distances at high speed and also have advantage to takeoff and land in vertical manner without the need of runway. There are various applications of VTOL such as it can be used as ondemand air mobility, for cargo and package delivery, in healthcare applications, and in emergency services. The new and emerging trends of VTOL are that it can be use as air ambulance. Air Ambulance service is a board term that combines two meaning i.e. air transport with basic emergency medical services which is able to transport injured patients or sick patients to the healthcare facilities and from healthcare facilities. So, in other terms, we can say that it is basically like airlifting patients in case of emergencies. Here, we are focused to develop advance VTOL air ambulance which can be use in any condition and which are capable to carry out its work more precisely and efficiently.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PULICATIONS, 2024

This study thoroughly investigates the vibration responses of fibre-reinforced laminated composit... more This study thoroughly investigates the vibration responses of fibre-reinforced laminated composite plates, focusing on identifying mode shapes and calculating natural frequencies. Theoretical calculations, based on the material properties, geometric dimensions, and boundary conditions, were performed to determine the natural frequencies at which the plate vibrates naturally under dynamic loads. A comprehensive modal analysis using ANSYS software involved creating a detailed 3D model of the composite plate with ply orientations set at 0 degrees and 90 degrees to study the effects of fibre orientation on the plate's vibration characteristics. Mode shapes, representing specific deformation patterns at each natural frequency, were identified, providing critical insights into the movement of different parts of the plate during vibration. The comparison of theoretical natural frequencies with those derived from ANSYS simulations showed a strong correlation, validating the accuracy of both the theoretical models and the ANSYS simulations. The results highlighted the natural frequencies for specific modes (Mode 11, Mode 21, and Mode 22), showing close agreement between theoretical and analytical values. This study demonstrates that theoretical models can accurately predict the natural frequencies and mode shapes of fibrereinforced laminated composite plates. The close match between theoretical and analytical results underscores the reliability of ANSYS software for conducting modal analysis in composite materials. Identifying mode shapes and natural frequencies is crucial for designing and optimizing composite structures to withstand operational loads and dynamic forces without experiencing excessive vibrations or failures.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

In the thermal analysis of engine cylinders, fins are strategically placed on the cylinder surfac... more In the thermal analysis of engine cylinders, fins are strategically placed on the cylinder surface to enhance heat transfer through convection. Understanding the dissipation of heat from the engine cylinder via fins, as well as the stresses induced by temperature and pressure, is crucial for effective design and performance optimization. Previous literature surveys have indicated that Finite Element Method (FEM) analyses have been employed to study stresses and strains in engine components under individual conditions of pressure or temperature. However, in practical scenarios, engine chambers experience simultaneous temperature and pressure conditions. Therefore, it becomes imperative to investigate the deformations and stresses in the engine due to these combined effects to gain a comprehensive understanding and enable effective engine design, especially when integrating finned surfaces. This project considers several materials commonly used for engine blocks and extended surfaces, including aluminum 6061 alloy, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, and gray cast iron. The components are designed using CATIA V5 software, and analysis is conducted using ANSYS Workbench. The maximum operational conditions applied include an engine temperature of 600°C and a pressure of 2.068 MPa. Through FEM analysis, it has been determined that aluminum 6061 alloy demonstrates favorable results in both structural integrity and thermal heat dissipation when compared to the other materials studied. This finding underscores the material's suitability for withstanding the combined effects of high temperature and pressure within the engine chamber while effectively managing heat transfer through the finned surfaces. By leveraging these analytical tools and insights, engineers can make informed decisions regarding material selection and design optimization, ultimately contributing to the efficiency, reliability, and performance of engine systems in various operational conditions.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

Prosthetic limbs serve as indispensable tools in restoring mobility and enhancing the quality of ... more Prosthetic limbs serve as indispensable tools in restoring mobility and enhancing the quality of life for individuals with limb loss. This project focuses on the modeling and analysis of prosthetic legs, aiming to optimize their design for improved functionality and comfort. The study begins with an exploration of the significance of prostheses in enhancing the mobility and independence of amputees. Utilizing Solid Works for modeling and ANSYS for analysis, the project investigates the performance of prosthetic legs constructed from four distinct materials: Aluminum Alloy, Titanium Alloy, Carbon Fibre, and Structural Steel. These materials are selected based on their mechanical properties and suitability for prosthetic applications. The design and analysis stages involve simulating various activities that mimic the typical movements and stresses encountered during daily l ife, including walking and engaging in other essential tasks. By subjecting the prosthetic leg models to rigorous testing, the project evaluates their durability, strength, and overall performance under realistic conditions. The outcomes of this research provide valuable insights into the comparative advantages and limitations of different materials in prosthetic leg design. Additional ly, it offers recommendations for optimizing prosthetic limb design to better meet the diverse needs and preferences of users. Ultimately, this work contributes to advancing the field of prosthetic engineering, paving the way for the development of mor e efficient and user-friendly prosthetic solutions.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

Additive Manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, is transforming the medical field by enabling the cr... more Additive Manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, is transforming the medical field by enabling the creation of highly customized and complex medical devices and implants. This review examines AM's applications in prosthetics, orthotics, surgical instruments, and bioprinting. AM enhances patient-specific treatments by providing better-fitting prosthetics, tailored surgical instruments, and customized implants, leading to improved clinical outcomes. Additionally, bioprinting offers promising advancements in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Despite its benefits, AM faces challenges such as material limitations, regulatory hurdles, and technical constraints. Future directions include advances in bioprinting, integration with digital health technologies, and expansion of material options. As researchers and clinicians collaborate to overcome these challenges, AM is poised to play an increasingly crucial role in healthcare, enhancing patient care and advancing medical science.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

Suspension kinematics and design's primary function is to maximize the overall performance of a v... more Suspension kinematics and design's primary function is to maximize the overall performance of a vehicle as it cruises down the road. Suspension system also helps to absorb bumps in the road and provide a safe and comfortable ride. In the research paper we have analyzed the unsprung suspension design and calculated the dynamics and Kinematic forces on our Baja vehicle. An all-terrain vehicle (ATV) or a BAJA vehicle is defined as a motorized off-highway racing car designed to travel on four low-pressure or non-pneumatic tires, having a seat designed to be straddled by the operator and handlebars for steering control. Our college tech team Deltechbaja manufactures a Baja car every year for various competitions and events throughout the year. The initiation of building the car starts with the analysis and calculations of the suspension dynamics and unsprung parts of the vehicle through software's like lotus, Ansys and solid works.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

The quest for enhanced precision and compact design in robotics has led to significant innovation... more The quest for enhanced precision and compact design in robotics has led to significant innovations in gear drive technology. This article explores the development of a harmonic gear drive tailored for robotic joints, focusing on the intricate design, simulation, and application processes. Through comprehensive analysis, the study reveals new meshing parameters and flexspline dimensions, delivers advanced 3D finite element models for stress assessment, and provides insight into the torsional stiffness behavior of harmonic reducers. The research culminates in rigorous testing protocols, validating the design against stringent performance metrics and highlighting its suitability for precision-critical robotic functions.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

This paper presents the development of a thermal model for a novel flat, double-sided linear gene... more This paper presents the development of a thermal model for a novel flat, double-sided linear generator designed for use in free-piston engines. The study conducted in this paper examines the influence of temperature on the performance of the permeant magnet linear generator, an integral and pivotal component within the system. This research places particular emphasis on the Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) permanent magnet, which serves as a source of magnetic field for the linear generator. In this study, an internal combustion engine that tends to produce heat is connected to a generator. Considering the temperatures rise from both the combustion process and the thermal contributions of current-carrying conductors and frictional forces. Utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method, a thermal model of the (NdFeB) magnet within the linear generator is constructed and analyzed. Furthermore, the temperature field is examined to ensure that the linear generator operates under stable conditions without the risk of demagnetization.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

DESIGN OF AIRBAG ASSEMBLY FOR TWO WHEELER is an idea put forward with the safety concern for two ... more DESIGN OF AIRBAG ASSEMBLY FOR TWO WHEELER is an idea put forward with the safety concern for two wheeler rider. This concern has brought this project into existence. As per the statistic in 2022,462 deaths per day were recorded as death fatalities on road (7). This makes a rational mind to think what can be done for it. Then came the idea of airbag. Earlier airbag where used in four wheelers. But now exhaustive research is being made for two wheelers as well. This research paper is one of the ways to eradicate accidents by designing an airbag system. Airbag is designed in such a manner that it can be used by any two wheeler rider. This design is considered because it is simple and easy to understand and use. It includes design of various parts, design of the assembly and calculations of various parts. It includes it's working, installation and construction as well.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

IJRAME PUBLICATIONS, 2024

Dispersion of nano clay has been one of the latest areas of research in the field of nanocomposit... more Dispersion of nano clay has been one of the latest areas of research in the field of nanocomposites. The purpose of this study was to evolve an optimum mixing technique that leads to uniform dispersion of nano clay in vinyl ester resin. Specifically, five combinations of incremental mixing intensity were applied to five groups of composites that were made of Nano clay/vinyl ester/Glass composites. In all groups of 4 wt. % of montmorillonite clay (MMT) was dispersed into vinyl ester. Changes in mechanical property associated with each mixing combination were tested through ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Finally, an optimum mixing combination was proposed. This study will be a meaningful addition to the current nanocomposites research literature because few studies were comprehensive ones where various mixing combinations were compared and ultimately an optimum mixing technique was recommended. The dispersion was studied through SEM

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact