Ilpo Kojola - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Ilpo Kojola
by Luděk Bufka, Olof Liberg, Henrik Andrén, Jon Swenson, P.-y. Quenette, Vaidas Balys, Aleksandar Stojanov, Klemen Jerina, Hubert Potočnik, Robin Rigg, Jakub Kubala, Sasa Kunovac, Fridolin Zimmermann, Janis Ozoliņš, Aleksandër Trajçe, Yorgos Mertzanis, Ilpo Kojola, Katja Holmala, Paolo Ciucci, Peter Bedo, Miroslav Kutal, László Szemethy, and Aleksandar Dutsov
Science (New York, N.Y.), Jan 19, 2014
The conservation of large carnivores is a formidable challenge for biodiversity conservation. Usi... more The conservation of large carnivores is a formidable challenge for biodiversity conservation. Using a data set on the past and current status of brown bears (Ursus arctos), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and wolverines (Gulo gulo) in European countries, we show that roughly one-third of mainland Europe hosts at least one large carnivore species, with stable or increasing abundance in most cases in 21st-century records. The reasons for this overall conservation success include protective legislation, supportive public opinion, and a variety of practices making coexistence between large carnivores and people possible. The European situation reveals that large carnivores and people can share the same landscape.
Journal of Mammalogy, 2006
Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2009
Conservation Genetics, 2009
Acta Zoologica Lituanica, 2003
PLoS ONE, 2014
Due to their high mobility, large terrestrial predators are potentially capable of maintaining hi... more Due to their high mobility, large terrestrial predators are potentially capable of maintaining high connectivity, and therefore low genetic differentiation among populations. However, previous molecular studies have provided contradictory findings in relation to this. To elucidate patterns of genetic structure in large carnivores, we studied the genetic variability of the Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx throughout north-eastern Europe using microsatellite, mitochondrial DNA control region and Y chromosome-linked markers. Using SAMOVA we found analogous patterns of genetic structure based on both mtDNA and microsatellites, which coincided with a relatively little evidence for male-biased dispersal. No polymorphism for the cytochrome b and ATP6 mtDNA genes and Y chromosome-linked markers were found. Lynx inhabiting a large area encompassing Finland, the Baltic countries and western Russia formed a single genetic unit, while some marginal populations were clearly divergent from others. The existence of a migration corridor was suggested to correspond with distribution of continuous forest cover. The lowest variability (in both markers) was found in lynx from Norway and Białowieża Primeval Forest (BPF), which coincided with a recent demographic bottleneck (Norway) or high habitat fragmentation (BPF). The Carpathian population, being monomorphic for the control region, showed relatively high microsatellite diversity, suggesting the effect of a past bottleneck (e.g. during Last Glacial Maximum) on its present genetic composition. Genetic structuring for the mtDNA control region was best explained by latitude and snow cover depth. Microsatellite structuring correlated with the lynx's main prey, especially the proportion of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in its diet. Eurasian lynx are capable of maintaining panmictic populations across eastern Europe unless they are severely limited by habitat continuity or a reduction in numbers. Different correlations of mtDNA and microsatellite population divergence patterns with climatic and ecological factors may suggest separate selective pressures acting on males and females in this solitary carnivore.
by Martin Váňa, Miha Krofel, Petter Wabakken, Aleksandër Trajçe, Robin Rigg, Yorgos Mertzanis, Ferdinand Bego, Ilpo Kojola, Ovidiu M . Ionescu, Katja Holmala, Paolo Ciucci, Vaidas Balys, Peter Bedo, László Szemethy, and Miroslav Kutal
Science (New York, N.Y.), Jan 19, 2014
The conservation of large carnivores is a formidable challenge for biodiversity conservation. Usi... more The conservation of large carnivores is a formidable challenge for biodiversity conservation. Using a data set on the past and current status of brown bears (Ursus arctos), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and wolverines (Gulo gulo) in European countries, we show that roughly one-third of mainland Europe hosts at least one large carnivore species, with stable or increasing abundance in most cases in 21st-century records. The reasons for this overall conservation success include protective legislation, supportive public opinion, and a variety of practices making coexistence between large carnivores and people possible. The European situation reveals that large carnivores and people can share the same landscape.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 1996
Because natural selection acts simultaneously on several correlated traits, can be under both dir... more Because natural selection acts simultaneously on several correlated traits, can be under both direct and correlative selection simultaneously. Correlative selection may either weaken or magnify the association between a trait and fitness. Direct effect of a single trait on fitness can be assessed by removing the effects of correlative selection with multivariate techniques. We studied the phenotypic selection on demographic life-history traits in three pre-industrial human populations, which experienced different mortality environments. We used path-analysis to estimate direct and correlative selection on different traits in females and males. Our results indicate substantial differences among the sexes in the force of phenotypic selection on key life-history traits. For females, the most important component of reproductive success was the age at first reproduction. Most important component of fitness for males was the quality of mate. In addition, our analysis revealed considerable among-population variation in the selection on life-history traits. These differences are in accord with the historical notes of among-population variation in the lifestyle and harshness of the environment, suggesting that among-population variation in life-history traits may have been a response to the environmental variation.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2003
Journal of Wildlife Management, 2007
Molecular ecology, 2007
We estimated the phylogenetic relationships of brown bear maternal haplotypes from countries of n... more We estimated the phylogenetic relationships of brown bear maternal haplotypes from countries of northeastern Europe (Estonia, Finland and European Russia), using sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region of 231 bears. Twenty-five mtDNA haplotypes were identified. The brown bear population in northeastern Europe can be divided into three haplogroups: one with bears from all three countries, one with bears from Finland and Russia, and the third composed almost exclusively of bears from European Russia. Four haplotypes from Finland and European Russia matched exactly with haplotypes from Slovakia, suggesting the significance of the current territory of Slovakia in ancient demographic processes of brown bears. Based on the results of this study and those from the recent literature, we hypothesize that the West Carpathian Mountains have served either as one of the northernmost refuge areas or as an important movement corridor for brown bears of the Eastern lineage towards nor...
Evolution and Human Behavior, 1998
by Luděk Bufka, Olof Liberg, Henrik Andrén, Jon Swenson, P.-y. Quenette, Vaidas Balys, Aleksandar Stojanov, Klemen Jerina, Hubert Potočnik, Robin Rigg, Jakub Kubala, Sasa Kunovac, Fridolin Zimmermann, Janis Ozoliņš, Aleksandër Trajçe, Yorgos Mertzanis, Ilpo Kojola, Katja Holmala, Paolo Ciucci, Peter Bedo, Miroslav Kutal, László Szemethy, and Aleksandar Dutsov
Science (New York, N.Y.), Jan 19, 2014
The conservation of large carnivores is a formidable challenge for biodiversity conservation. Usi... more The conservation of large carnivores is a formidable challenge for biodiversity conservation. Using a data set on the past and current status of brown bears (Ursus arctos), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and wolverines (Gulo gulo) in European countries, we show that roughly one-third of mainland Europe hosts at least one large carnivore species, with stable or increasing abundance in most cases in 21st-century records. The reasons for this overall conservation success include protective legislation, supportive public opinion, and a variety of practices making coexistence between large carnivores and people possible. The European situation reveals that large carnivores and people can share the same landscape.
Journal of Mammalogy, 2006
Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2009
Conservation Genetics, 2009
Acta Zoologica Lituanica, 2003
PLoS ONE, 2014
Due to their high mobility, large terrestrial predators are potentially capable of maintaining hi... more Due to their high mobility, large terrestrial predators are potentially capable of maintaining high connectivity, and therefore low genetic differentiation among populations. However, previous molecular studies have provided contradictory findings in relation to this. To elucidate patterns of genetic structure in large carnivores, we studied the genetic variability of the Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx throughout north-eastern Europe using microsatellite, mitochondrial DNA control region and Y chromosome-linked markers. Using SAMOVA we found analogous patterns of genetic structure based on both mtDNA and microsatellites, which coincided with a relatively little evidence for male-biased dispersal. No polymorphism for the cytochrome b and ATP6 mtDNA genes and Y chromosome-linked markers were found. Lynx inhabiting a large area encompassing Finland, the Baltic countries and western Russia formed a single genetic unit, while some marginal populations were clearly divergent from others. The existence of a migration corridor was suggested to correspond with distribution of continuous forest cover. The lowest variability (in both markers) was found in lynx from Norway and Białowieża Primeval Forest (BPF), which coincided with a recent demographic bottleneck (Norway) or high habitat fragmentation (BPF). The Carpathian population, being monomorphic for the control region, showed relatively high microsatellite diversity, suggesting the effect of a past bottleneck (e.g. during Last Glacial Maximum) on its present genetic composition. Genetic structuring for the mtDNA control region was best explained by latitude and snow cover depth. Microsatellite structuring correlated with the lynx's main prey, especially the proportion of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in its diet. Eurasian lynx are capable of maintaining panmictic populations across eastern Europe unless they are severely limited by habitat continuity or a reduction in numbers. Different correlations of mtDNA and microsatellite population divergence patterns with climatic and ecological factors may suggest separate selective pressures acting on males and females in this solitary carnivore.
by Martin Váňa, Miha Krofel, Petter Wabakken, Aleksandër Trajçe, Robin Rigg, Yorgos Mertzanis, Ferdinand Bego, Ilpo Kojola, Ovidiu M . Ionescu, Katja Holmala, Paolo Ciucci, Vaidas Balys, Peter Bedo, László Szemethy, and Miroslav Kutal
Science (New York, N.Y.), Jan 19, 2014
The conservation of large carnivores is a formidable challenge for biodiversity conservation. Usi... more The conservation of large carnivores is a formidable challenge for biodiversity conservation. Using a data set on the past and current status of brown bears (Ursus arctos), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and wolverines (Gulo gulo) in European countries, we show that roughly one-third of mainland Europe hosts at least one large carnivore species, with stable or increasing abundance in most cases in 21st-century records. The reasons for this overall conservation success include protective legislation, supportive public opinion, and a variety of practices making coexistence between large carnivores and people possible. The European situation reveals that large carnivores and people can share the same landscape.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 1996
Because natural selection acts simultaneously on several correlated traits, can be under both dir... more Because natural selection acts simultaneously on several correlated traits, can be under both direct and correlative selection simultaneously. Correlative selection may either weaken or magnify the association between a trait and fitness. Direct effect of a single trait on fitness can be assessed by removing the effects of correlative selection with multivariate techniques. We studied the phenotypic selection on demographic life-history traits in three pre-industrial human populations, which experienced different mortality environments. We used path-analysis to estimate direct and correlative selection on different traits in females and males. Our results indicate substantial differences among the sexes in the force of phenotypic selection on key life-history traits. For females, the most important component of reproductive success was the age at first reproduction. Most important component of fitness for males was the quality of mate. In addition, our analysis revealed considerable among-population variation in the selection on life-history traits. These differences are in accord with the historical notes of among-population variation in the lifestyle and harshness of the environment, suggesting that among-population variation in life-history traits may have been a response to the environmental variation.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2003
Journal of Wildlife Management, 2007
Molecular ecology, 2007
We estimated the phylogenetic relationships of brown bear maternal haplotypes from countries of n... more We estimated the phylogenetic relationships of brown bear maternal haplotypes from countries of northeastern Europe (Estonia, Finland and European Russia), using sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region of 231 bears. Twenty-five mtDNA haplotypes were identified. The brown bear population in northeastern Europe can be divided into three haplogroups: one with bears from all three countries, one with bears from Finland and Russia, and the third composed almost exclusively of bears from European Russia. Four haplotypes from Finland and European Russia matched exactly with haplotypes from Slovakia, suggesting the significance of the current territory of Slovakia in ancient demographic processes of brown bears. Based on the results of this study and those from the recent literature, we hypothesize that the West Carpathian Mountains have served either as one of the northernmost refuge areas or as an important movement corridor for brown bears of the Eastern lineage towards nor...
Evolution and Human Behavior, 1998