Jacques Riff - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Jacques Riff
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Conceptual and methodological tools for analyzing situations of vulnerability on the road.
Forschungshefte Zweiradsicherheit, 2008
Die Literatur ueber Motorradtrainings und Unfallstudien offenbaren die Defizite der Fahranfaenger... more Die Literatur ueber Motorradtrainings und Unfallstudien offenbaren die Defizite der Fahranfaengerprogramme, zur Reduzierung der Unfallzahlen beizutragen. Die Anzahl der toedlich verunglueckten Motorradfahrer in Relation zur Gesamtheit aller im Strassenverkehr toedlich Verunglueckten steigt in Europa seit 1996 (Baldi et al., 2005; IRT Project, 2007). Das hier beschriebene Forschungsprojekt zeigt auf, dass erstens eine Verbesserung der Trainings die allgemeine Sicherheit der Motorradfahrer erhoehen kann, und zweitens systematische Studien ueber die Lerndynamik beim Fahrten im realen Umfeld notwendig sind, um Motorradtrainings weiter zu verbessern. Das hier vorgestellte Forschungsprogramm besteht aus einer Untersuchung der Handlungsablaeufe von zehn Motorradfahrern waehrend der Fahrschulausbildung, der Fahrpruefung und anschliessend unter realen Verkehrsbedingungen. Dabei bediente man sich des theoretischen und methodologischen Geruests der Ergonomieanalyse unter realen Bedingungen (Sa...
Novice motorcyclists are vulnerable people when it comes to road safety. Scientific efforts to un... more Novice motorcyclists are vulnerable people when it comes to road safety. Scientific efforts to understand the phenomena associated with this group of people are still limited. This study focuses on initial motorcycle training. It rests on two basic assumptions: that optimizing riding can reduce accident hazards, and that studying what is actually taught can lead to better training courses. The teaching content was systematically analyzed as part of a study made from actual teaching situations. Observations and remarks were gathered throughout the motorcycle rider training, and completed by observations done in three other driving schools. The results show the relative poverty of observed teaching situations: overrated teaching of “closed” skills to the detriment of more “open” riding skills, focus on skills that are rarely used on a motorcycle, and excessive repetition of exam situations. Ways to improve the initial training are suggested for discussion.
Ce travail porte sur l'activite de planification de seance et de cycle chez des enseignants d... more Ce travail porte sur l'activite de planification de seance et de cycle chez des enseignants d'EPS. Deux conceptions sont presentees dans le premier chapitre. Une conception normative, dominante dans la formation des enseignants, qui prone des preparations explicites, exhaustives, deductives et ecrites. La seconde, issue de l'approche descriptive de la "pensee des enseignants" decrit l'activite reelle de planification comme etant souple, adaptable a l'interaction, en partie implicite et faisant un usage limite de l'ecriture. Dans la lignee de ces travaux majoritairement nord-americains, trois etudes ont ete menees aupres d'enseignants d'EPS francais utilisant differentes methodes. La premiere compare des enseignants debutants et experimentes dans une situation de simulation de planification de seance. Les resultats montrent que les experimentes sont plus rapides, qu'ils ont des processus de resolution qualitativement differents et qu'...
This paper presents a study of the collective dimension of the use of conventional cruise control... more This paper presents a study of the collective dimension of the use of conventional cruise control (CCC), a widespread driving assistance system, whose function is to maintain a preset speed by the driver. Ten French drivers were followed driving their own car equipped with CCC in real context. Observation and verbalisation (biographic method, explicitation interview) data were collected. The results show (1) the constraint represented by passengers unused to regulated speed for the driver, (2) the way that CCC may be considered as a reproduction tool of social play inside the vehicle, (3) the difficulties of speed control in the traffic between equipped and non equipped cars, (4) the changes in distance headway and their effect on drivers cohabitation and (5) the existence of a strong collective dimension in the appropriation process of the CCC.
Disability and Rehabilitation, 2018
Purpose: This study sought to characterize the way patients with Parkinson's disease consciously ... more Purpose: This study sought to characterize the way patients with Parkinson's disease consciously perceive and respond to their surroundings while walking in everyday situations. Method: A qualitative research program designed around an ecological data collection protocol was employed. A convenience sample of 14 patients with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and a history of gait difficulties were recruited. Details regarding patients' subjective experience of walking in everyday environments were obtained using first person interviewing techniques with the support of video footage from their daily-life activity. Interview transcripts were analyzed using an interpretive phenomenological approach in order to derive key themes. Results: The sense of proximity and the way in which an individual perceived themselves with respect to their surroundings appeared central to the way patients organized their locomotor behavior. Further to this, the patient relationship to different features and obstacles appeared conditioned by prior experiences in those circumstances. Patients described managing gait difficulties by consciously regulating their walking trajectory and gaze with respect to their environment. Conclusion: Perceptual challenges, visual flow and the dynamic valence of features in the patient's surroundings may have important effects upon the gait stability of patients with Parkinson's disease and warrant further attention in planning rehabilitation interventions. Implications for rehabilitation • Walking abilities of patients with Parkinson's disease should be conceptualized in terms of perceptuomotor coupling to a given environment. • The functional significance of a patient's environment is dynamic and might be seen to vary in accordance with their physical capacities. • Valency, or the subjective relationship between a patient and their surrounds, appears to be an important component of the "fit" between a person and their environment. • Novel rehabilitation strategies for the management of parkinsonian gait disturbances might seek to integrate psychological, sensorimotor and environmental elements in order to have individually tailored, ecologically valid home assessment and community rehabilitation programs.
Le travail humain, 2017
Cet article propose une approche neuroergonomique et sa mise en œuvre visant la caracterisation d... more Cet article propose une approche neuroergonomique et sa mise en œuvre visant la caracterisation de la motricite en situation quotidienne, chez des personnes souffrant de troubles neurologiques. Sont plus particulierement etudiees, dans le cas specifique de la maladie de Parkinson, les activites de marche considerees ici comme des activites complexes et situees. Nous proposons, dans ce cadre, une methodologie d’evaluation ecologique integrant observations ethnographiques, recueil de l’experience subjective et enregistrements physiologiques et biomecaniques (electromyographie, accelerometrie,..) deployee dans le cas d’une femme de 54 ans, dont la maladie est diagnostiquee depuis 10 ans. Les donnees permettent 1) d’identifier des phases motrices significatives relatives a l’experience corporelle vecue dans la dynamique des prises medicamenteuses, 2) d’enrichir des categories de configurations de marche emergeant dans un couplage individu/environnement, 3) de caracteriser des situations de vulnerabilites specifiques. Nous discutons ces resultats et le potentiel de cette approche neuroergonomique au regard de la coherence et de la complementarite des differents niveaux de donnees, des applications cliniques, en lien avec les enjeux actuels de l’education therapeutique, de la formation des professionnels de sante et de la medecine personnalisee.
IRBM, 2016
Using a personalized medicine perspective, ECOTECH aims at developing new tools and methodologies... more Using a personalized medicine perspective, ECOTECH aims at developing new tools and methodologies to characterize and overcome at-risk situations for patients with Parkinson's disease in their daily life activity. With the cooperation of a multidisciplinary research group, patient situations have been studied in real life context in both hospital environment and home and community settings Gait, in particular, has been assessed by combining data from an onboard sensor system, ethnographic observations and self-confrontation interviews. We discuss the results of this study with respect to the so-called activity analysis framework which is considered both as a resource for the design of new technologies and as a technology of design in the healthcare domain. In particular, we consider the potential for innovations regarding here, with the integration of onboard sensors, 1) the design of training 2) the design of artefact and work formats 3) the design of new mechanisms for health knowledge generation and validation.
Activites, 2010
Varia L'intérêt des jeux et rires pour la compréhension et la transformation des activités de tra... more Varia L'intérêt des jeux et rires pour la compréhension et la transformation des activités de travail The value of games and laughter as a framework for work analysis and development
Ergonomics, Jan 11, 2016
This article sets out to identify the typical risky situations experienced by novice motorcyclist... more This article sets out to identify the typical risky situations experienced by novice motorcyclists in the real world just after licensing. The procedure consists of a follow-up of six novices during their first two months of riding with their own motorbike instrumented with cameras. The novices completed logbooks on a daily basis in order to identify the risky situations they encountered, and were given face-to-face interviews to identify the context and their shortcomings during the reported events. Data show a large number of road configurations considered as risky by the riders (248 occurrences), especially during the first two weeks. The results revealed that a lack of hazard perception skills contributed to the majority of these incidents. These situations were grouped together to form clusters of typical incident scenarios on the basis of their similarities. The most frequent scenario corresponds to a lane change in dense traffic (15% of all incidents). The discussion shows ho...
Activites, 2010
Varia Approche ergonomique de l'usage du régulateur de vitesse conventionnel : analyse critique d... more Varia Approche ergonomique de l'usage du régulateur de vitesse conventionnel : analyse critique de la littérature scientifique An ergonomic approach to conventional cruise control use: a critical analysis of the scientific literature
This article presents an ergonomic research program which concerns learning of riding a motorcycl... more This article presents an ergonomic research program which concerns learning of riding a motorcycle. A longitudinal and systematic study of motorcyclists' activity in driving school and after obtaining their licence is being carried out in real context, in light of road safety and training progress. Three sets of data are collected: a) numerical data related to motorcycle dynamics, b) continuous audio-video recordings of the motorcyclist behaviour, c) subjective data collected by self-confrontation interviews of the learners. Several design perspectives are proposed: 1) suggesting a hybrid curriculum which combines traditional training and simulator, 2) reproducing vulnerable situations experienced by novices in real context on the riding simulator, from relevant traffic scenarios, 3) designing training dedicated simulators unlike the current ambition to create all purposes simulator.
The risks related to powered two wheeler riding constitute a current major stake of public health... more The risks related to powered two wheeler riding constitute a current major stake of public health in Europe. The motorcyclists' mortality, compared to the whole of road fatalities, does not stop increasing in Europe since 1996 (CARE, 2007). These worrying data lead to two reports: (1) motorcyclists constitute particularly vulnerable road users who do not follow the general trends from road safety progress; (2) there is a specificity of powered two wheeler riding compared to other forms of driving. However, in the scientific research field, the efforts to a better understanding of the specific phenomena associated with riding are still limited (Amans et al., 2005; Baldi et al., 2005). Our article presents an ergonomics research program (2007-2010) which relates to motorcycle learning in France. The main goal is to propose a hybrid curriculum which combines traditional training and motorcycle riding simulator. The first perspectives of research identified by an exploratory ethnogr...
The literature on motorcycle training and accident studies on riding shows the current inefficien... more The literature on motorcycle training and accident studies on riding shows the current inefficiency of initial training programs to reduce accident rate : motorcyclists' mortality, compared to the whole road fatalities, is increasing in Europe since 1996 (Baldi et al., 2005; IRT Project, 2007). The present research program defends that 1) an improvement of training can optimize motorcycle road safety, and 2) systematic studies of motorcycle learning dynamics in real context are relevant to improve training. The research program presented here consists in a longitudinal and systematic study of ten riders' activity during initial training in motorcycle school, during licensing and after obtaining the license in traffic conditions. Theoretical and methodological frameworks of ergonomics analysis in real context are used (Saad, 1999): numerical data related to motorcycle dynamics, continuous audio-visual recordings of riders' behaviour and verbalisations data are collected d...
Proceedings of the 30th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, 2012
Motivation-This paper presents some theoretical and methodological tools that help to identify an... more Motivation-This paper presents some theoretical and methodological tools that help to identify and analyze "situations of vulnerability" for drivers. Research approach-This study refers to "Course-of-Action Centred Design" that highly considers the situational aspects of activity to improve situations. Findings-Examples have been drawn from a field study of the "situations of vulnerability" of novice motorcyclists in real world with a view to improving initial training in France. Research limitations-The main limitation of the proposed methodology is the limited number of subjects due to the complexity of the data collection. Take away message-The concept of "situation of vulnerability" provides an alternative to the concepts of "vulnerable road user" and "accident situation" which are conventionally used in transport research, and which have limitations for ergonomics research.
Revue française de pédagogie, 1993
La tâche de l'enseignant est complexe, difficile, singulière, insaisissable, L'atteinte des objec... more La tâche de l'enseignant est complexe, difficile, singulière, insaisissable, L'atteinte des objectifs éducatifs en partie imposés, suppose la maîtrise d'habiletés diverses et affinées.
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Conceptual and methodological tools for analyzing situations of vulnerability on the road.
Forschungshefte Zweiradsicherheit, 2008
Die Literatur ueber Motorradtrainings und Unfallstudien offenbaren die Defizite der Fahranfaenger... more Die Literatur ueber Motorradtrainings und Unfallstudien offenbaren die Defizite der Fahranfaengerprogramme, zur Reduzierung der Unfallzahlen beizutragen. Die Anzahl der toedlich verunglueckten Motorradfahrer in Relation zur Gesamtheit aller im Strassenverkehr toedlich Verunglueckten steigt in Europa seit 1996 (Baldi et al., 2005; IRT Project, 2007). Das hier beschriebene Forschungsprojekt zeigt auf, dass erstens eine Verbesserung der Trainings die allgemeine Sicherheit der Motorradfahrer erhoehen kann, und zweitens systematische Studien ueber die Lerndynamik beim Fahrten im realen Umfeld notwendig sind, um Motorradtrainings weiter zu verbessern. Das hier vorgestellte Forschungsprogramm besteht aus einer Untersuchung der Handlungsablaeufe von zehn Motorradfahrern waehrend der Fahrschulausbildung, der Fahrpruefung und anschliessend unter realen Verkehrsbedingungen. Dabei bediente man sich des theoretischen und methodologischen Geruests der Ergonomieanalyse unter realen Bedingungen (Sa...
Novice motorcyclists are vulnerable people when it comes to road safety. Scientific efforts to un... more Novice motorcyclists are vulnerable people when it comes to road safety. Scientific efforts to understand the phenomena associated with this group of people are still limited. This study focuses on initial motorcycle training. It rests on two basic assumptions: that optimizing riding can reduce accident hazards, and that studying what is actually taught can lead to better training courses. The teaching content was systematically analyzed as part of a study made from actual teaching situations. Observations and remarks were gathered throughout the motorcycle rider training, and completed by observations done in three other driving schools. The results show the relative poverty of observed teaching situations: overrated teaching of “closed” skills to the detriment of more “open” riding skills, focus on skills that are rarely used on a motorcycle, and excessive repetition of exam situations. Ways to improve the initial training are suggested for discussion.
Ce travail porte sur l'activite de planification de seance et de cycle chez des enseignants d... more Ce travail porte sur l'activite de planification de seance et de cycle chez des enseignants d'EPS. Deux conceptions sont presentees dans le premier chapitre. Une conception normative, dominante dans la formation des enseignants, qui prone des preparations explicites, exhaustives, deductives et ecrites. La seconde, issue de l'approche descriptive de la "pensee des enseignants" decrit l'activite reelle de planification comme etant souple, adaptable a l'interaction, en partie implicite et faisant un usage limite de l'ecriture. Dans la lignee de ces travaux majoritairement nord-americains, trois etudes ont ete menees aupres d'enseignants d'EPS francais utilisant differentes methodes. La premiere compare des enseignants debutants et experimentes dans une situation de simulation de planification de seance. Les resultats montrent que les experimentes sont plus rapides, qu'ils ont des processus de resolution qualitativement differents et qu'...
This paper presents a study of the collective dimension of the use of conventional cruise control... more This paper presents a study of the collective dimension of the use of conventional cruise control (CCC), a widespread driving assistance system, whose function is to maintain a preset speed by the driver. Ten French drivers were followed driving their own car equipped with CCC in real context. Observation and verbalisation (biographic method, explicitation interview) data were collected. The results show (1) the constraint represented by passengers unused to regulated speed for the driver, (2) the way that CCC may be considered as a reproduction tool of social play inside the vehicle, (3) the difficulties of speed control in the traffic between equipped and non equipped cars, (4) the changes in distance headway and their effect on drivers cohabitation and (5) the existence of a strong collective dimension in the appropriation process of the CCC.
Disability and Rehabilitation, 2018
Purpose: This study sought to characterize the way patients with Parkinson's disease consciously ... more Purpose: This study sought to characterize the way patients with Parkinson's disease consciously perceive and respond to their surroundings while walking in everyday situations. Method: A qualitative research program designed around an ecological data collection protocol was employed. A convenience sample of 14 patients with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and a history of gait difficulties were recruited. Details regarding patients' subjective experience of walking in everyday environments were obtained using first person interviewing techniques with the support of video footage from their daily-life activity. Interview transcripts were analyzed using an interpretive phenomenological approach in order to derive key themes. Results: The sense of proximity and the way in which an individual perceived themselves with respect to their surroundings appeared central to the way patients organized their locomotor behavior. Further to this, the patient relationship to different features and obstacles appeared conditioned by prior experiences in those circumstances. Patients described managing gait difficulties by consciously regulating their walking trajectory and gaze with respect to their environment. Conclusion: Perceptual challenges, visual flow and the dynamic valence of features in the patient's surroundings may have important effects upon the gait stability of patients with Parkinson's disease and warrant further attention in planning rehabilitation interventions. Implications for rehabilitation • Walking abilities of patients with Parkinson's disease should be conceptualized in terms of perceptuomotor coupling to a given environment. • The functional significance of a patient's environment is dynamic and might be seen to vary in accordance with their physical capacities. • Valency, or the subjective relationship between a patient and their surrounds, appears to be an important component of the "fit" between a person and their environment. • Novel rehabilitation strategies for the management of parkinsonian gait disturbances might seek to integrate psychological, sensorimotor and environmental elements in order to have individually tailored, ecologically valid home assessment and community rehabilitation programs.
Le travail humain, 2017
Cet article propose une approche neuroergonomique et sa mise en œuvre visant la caracterisation d... more Cet article propose une approche neuroergonomique et sa mise en œuvre visant la caracterisation de la motricite en situation quotidienne, chez des personnes souffrant de troubles neurologiques. Sont plus particulierement etudiees, dans le cas specifique de la maladie de Parkinson, les activites de marche considerees ici comme des activites complexes et situees. Nous proposons, dans ce cadre, une methodologie d’evaluation ecologique integrant observations ethnographiques, recueil de l’experience subjective et enregistrements physiologiques et biomecaniques (electromyographie, accelerometrie,..) deployee dans le cas d’une femme de 54 ans, dont la maladie est diagnostiquee depuis 10 ans. Les donnees permettent 1) d’identifier des phases motrices significatives relatives a l’experience corporelle vecue dans la dynamique des prises medicamenteuses, 2) d’enrichir des categories de configurations de marche emergeant dans un couplage individu/environnement, 3) de caracteriser des situations de vulnerabilites specifiques. Nous discutons ces resultats et le potentiel de cette approche neuroergonomique au regard de la coherence et de la complementarite des differents niveaux de donnees, des applications cliniques, en lien avec les enjeux actuels de l’education therapeutique, de la formation des professionnels de sante et de la medecine personnalisee.
IRBM, 2016
Using a personalized medicine perspective, ECOTECH aims at developing new tools and methodologies... more Using a personalized medicine perspective, ECOTECH aims at developing new tools and methodologies to characterize and overcome at-risk situations for patients with Parkinson's disease in their daily life activity. With the cooperation of a multidisciplinary research group, patient situations have been studied in real life context in both hospital environment and home and community settings Gait, in particular, has been assessed by combining data from an onboard sensor system, ethnographic observations and self-confrontation interviews. We discuss the results of this study with respect to the so-called activity analysis framework which is considered both as a resource for the design of new technologies and as a technology of design in the healthcare domain. In particular, we consider the potential for innovations regarding here, with the integration of onboard sensors, 1) the design of training 2) the design of artefact and work formats 3) the design of new mechanisms for health knowledge generation and validation.
Activites, 2010
Varia L'intérêt des jeux et rires pour la compréhension et la transformation des activités de tra... more Varia L'intérêt des jeux et rires pour la compréhension et la transformation des activités de travail The value of games and laughter as a framework for work analysis and development
Ergonomics, Jan 11, 2016
This article sets out to identify the typical risky situations experienced by novice motorcyclist... more This article sets out to identify the typical risky situations experienced by novice motorcyclists in the real world just after licensing. The procedure consists of a follow-up of six novices during their first two months of riding with their own motorbike instrumented with cameras. The novices completed logbooks on a daily basis in order to identify the risky situations they encountered, and were given face-to-face interviews to identify the context and their shortcomings during the reported events. Data show a large number of road configurations considered as risky by the riders (248 occurrences), especially during the first two weeks. The results revealed that a lack of hazard perception skills contributed to the majority of these incidents. These situations were grouped together to form clusters of typical incident scenarios on the basis of their similarities. The most frequent scenario corresponds to a lane change in dense traffic (15% of all incidents). The discussion shows ho...
Activites, 2010
Varia Approche ergonomique de l'usage du régulateur de vitesse conventionnel : analyse critique d... more Varia Approche ergonomique de l'usage du régulateur de vitesse conventionnel : analyse critique de la littérature scientifique An ergonomic approach to conventional cruise control use: a critical analysis of the scientific literature
This article presents an ergonomic research program which concerns learning of riding a motorcycl... more This article presents an ergonomic research program which concerns learning of riding a motorcycle. A longitudinal and systematic study of motorcyclists' activity in driving school and after obtaining their licence is being carried out in real context, in light of road safety and training progress. Three sets of data are collected: a) numerical data related to motorcycle dynamics, b) continuous audio-video recordings of the motorcyclist behaviour, c) subjective data collected by self-confrontation interviews of the learners. Several design perspectives are proposed: 1) suggesting a hybrid curriculum which combines traditional training and simulator, 2) reproducing vulnerable situations experienced by novices in real context on the riding simulator, from relevant traffic scenarios, 3) designing training dedicated simulators unlike the current ambition to create all purposes simulator.
The risks related to powered two wheeler riding constitute a current major stake of public health... more The risks related to powered two wheeler riding constitute a current major stake of public health in Europe. The motorcyclists' mortality, compared to the whole of road fatalities, does not stop increasing in Europe since 1996 (CARE, 2007). These worrying data lead to two reports: (1) motorcyclists constitute particularly vulnerable road users who do not follow the general trends from road safety progress; (2) there is a specificity of powered two wheeler riding compared to other forms of driving. However, in the scientific research field, the efforts to a better understanding of the specific phenomena associated with riding are still limited (Amans et al., 2005; Baldi et al., 2005). Our article presents an ergonomics research program (2007-2010) which relates to motorcycle learning in France. The main goal is to propose a hybrid curriculum which combines traditional training and motorcycle riding simulator. The first perspectives of research identified by an exploratory ethnogr...
The literature on motorcycle training and accident studies on riding shows the current inefficien... more The literature on motorcycle training and accident studies on riding shows the current inefficiency of initial training programs to reduce accident rate : motorcyclists' mortality, compared to the whole road fatalities, is increasing in Europe since 1996 (Baldi et al., 2005; IRT Project, 2007). The present research program defends that 1) an improvement of training can optimize motorcycle road safety, and 2) systematic studies of motorcycle learning dynamics in real context are relevant to improve training. The research program presented here consists in a longitudinal and systematic study of ten riders' activity during initial training in motorcycle school, during licensing and after obtaining the license in traffic conditions. Theoretical and methodological frameworks of ergonomics analysis in real context are used (Saad, 1999): numerical data related to motorcycle dynamics, continuous audio-visual recordings of riders' behaviour and verbalisations data are collected d...
Proceedings of the 30th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, 2012
Motivation-This paper presents some theoretical and methodological tools that help to identify an... more Motivation-This paper presents some theoretical and methodological tools that help to identify and analyze "situations of vulnerability" for drivers. Research approach-This study refers to "Course-of-Action Centred Design" that highly considers the situational aspects of activity to improve situations. Findings-Examples have been drawn from a field study of the "situations of vulnerability" of novice motorcyclists in real world with a view to improving initial training in France. Research limitations-The main limitation of the proposed methodology is the limited number of subjects due to the complexity of the data collection. Take away message-The concept of "situation of vulnerability" provides an alternative to the concepts of "vulnerable road user" and "accident situation" which are conventionally used in transport research, and which have limitations for ergonomics research.
Revue française de pédagogie, 1993
La tâche de l'enseignant est complexe, difficile, singulière, insaisissable, L'atteinte des objec... more La tâche de l'enseignant est complexe, difficile, singulière, insaisissable, L'atteinte des objectifs éducatifs en partie imposés, suppose la maîtrise d'habiletés diverses et affinées.