Joana Mendonca - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Joana Mendonca
Space Policy, May 1, 2019
Please refer to published version for the most recent bibliographic citation information. If a pu... more Please refer to published version for the most recent bibliographic citation information. If a published version is known of, the repository item page linked to above, will contain details on accessing it.
Technological Forecasting and Social Change, May 1, 2021
Long-term public support may encourage the diffusion of emerging technologies by coordinating the... more Long-term public support may encourage the diffusion of emerging technologies by coordinating the generation of knowledge and providing patient funding, but unexpected policy changes may hinder private investment and even lead to situations of technology lockout. Leveraging archival data; insights from 45 interviews across academia, industry, and government; and 75 hours of participant observations, we develop insights about why institutional instability in Portugal affected the adoption of Polymer Additive Manufacturing (PAM) and Metal Additive Manufacturing (MAM) differently. In both cases, Portugal invested in the technology relatively early. While PAM has been widely adopted, including increasingly in high-tech applications, MAM adoption has been modest despite MAM's potential to greatly improve the performance and competitiveness of metal molds. From the comparison between PAM and MAM, we generate theory about technological and contextual factors that affect 'technological forgiveness', defined as the resilience of a new technology's adoption to institutional instability.
Frontiers in Medicine, 2021
Background: The urgent need for mechanical ventilators to support respiratory insufficiency due t... more Background: The urgent need for mechanical ventilators to support respiratory insufficiency due to SARS-CoV-2 led to a worldwide effort to develop low-cost, easily assembled, and locally manufactured ventilators. The ATENA ventilator project was developed in a community-based approach targeting the development, prototyping, testing, and decentralized manufacturing of a new mechanical ventilator.Objective: This article aims to demonstrate ATENA's adequate performance and safety for clinical use.Material: ATENA is a low-cost ventilator that can be rapidly manufactured, easily assembled, and locally produced anywhere in the world. It was developed following the guidelines and requirements provided by European and International Regulatory Authorities (MHRA, ISO 86201) and National Authorities (INFARMED). The device was thoroughly tested using laboratory lung simulators and animal models.Results: The device meets all the regulatory requirements for pandemic ventilators. Additionally,...
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2016
Additive Manufacturing, 2019
DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of t... more DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement:
ArXiv, 2021
The fourth industrial revolution is rapidly changing the manufacturing landscape. Due to the grow... more The fourth industrial revolution is rapidly changing the manufacturing landscape. Due to the growing research and fast evolution in this field, no clear definitions of these concepts yet exist. This work provides a clear description of technological trends and gaps. We introduce a novel method to create a map of Industry 4.0 technologies, using natural language processing to extract technology terms from 14,667 research articles and applying network analysis. We identified eight clusters of Industry 4.0 technologies, which served as the basis for our analysis. Our results show that Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technologies have become the center of the Industry 4.0 technology map. This is in line with the initial definitions of Industry 4.0, which centered on IIoT. Given the recent growth in the importance of artificial intelligence (AI), we suggest accounting for AI’s fundamental role in Industry 4.0 and understanding the fourth industrial revolution as an AI-powered natura...
The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) is likely to have a substantial impact on the economy. Com... more The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) is likely to have a substantial impact on the economy. Companies need to build up capabilities to implement new technologies, and automation may make some occupations obsolete. However, where, when, and how the change will happen remain to be determined. Robust empirical indicators of technological progress linked to occupations can help to illuminate this change. With this aim, we provide such an indicator based on patent data. Using natural language processing, we calculate patent exposure scores for more than 900 occupations, which represent the technological progress related to them. To provide a lens on the impact of the 4IR, we differentiate between traditional and 4IR patent exposure. Our method differs from previous approaches in that it both accounts for the diversity of task-level patent exposures within an occupation and reflects work activities more accurately. We find that exposure to 4IR patents differs from traditional patent exp...
Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 2012
Entrepreneurship and Growth in Local, Regional and National Economies
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2009
The question whether agglomeration externalities arise either from specialization or diversificat... more The question whether agglomeration externalities arise either from specialization or diversification of economic activity has since long been a major topic in the analysis of factors determining economic growth. In this paper we analyze whether a more specialized or a more diverse skill composition of labor in regions affects the level of new firm entries in general as well as in technology-and knowledge-intensive subsectors. We compare Germany and Portugal which exhibit, though EU member states, different institutional infrastructures for entrepreneurship. Based on a harmonized dataset, our results indicate that the skill composition has different effects on firm entry in the two countries. More specifically, for Portugal the specialization of skills has a positive effect on the level on new firm entry in all sectors. In contrast to this, our results for Germany reveal exactly the opposite effect. These results suggest that both specialization and diversity theories hold, and that the effect thus may depend on other more local and regional factors.
Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2014
Science policies emphasizing the advanced qualification of human resources, together with democra... more Science policies emphasizing the advanced qualification of human resources, together with democratizing access to science and internationalizing the science base, are shown to help build the conditions needed to drive brain gain over time. Exploring a new set of data for the period 1970-2010 in Portugal, this paper focuses on the analysis of flows of doctorates, with the ultimate goal of helping to promote the absorptive capacity that emerging regions and countries worldwide need to acquire to learn how to use science for economic and social development. It shows a notable process of brain gain by the end of this period and, above all, it provides a dynamic approach to the cumulative process of building knowledge-based societies. The results show the need to consider the co-evolution of brain gain, brain drain and brain circulation over time and space. In addition, they suggest the importance of certain major counter-intuitive policy instruments to facilitate the co-evolution of human capital formation and research capacity building. In the case of Portugal, these instruments have included a centralized program of research grants, research careers independent of traditional academic career tracks, and a diversified system of funding research units and institutions based on research assessments through international peer reviews.
Synlett, 2005
The combination of functional synthesis and electrochemical detection at a sensor surface is part... more The combination of functional synthesis and electrochemical detection at a sensor surface is particularly intriguing as it allows to explore molecular processes and reactions. The three dimensional microenvironment at the surface of electrodes provides a solid structural basis for a ...
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2011
Linking innovation with firms' growth and performance is still a challenge for research. It is di... more Linking innovation with firms' growth and performance is still a challenge for research. It is difficult to observe the effect of new products and processes on firms' performance, because it may take a long time between innovation and the economic gain of firms. This paper intends to address this challenge and look at the relationship between innovation and firm performance, distinguishing product and process innovation. We join two different databases: the third Community Innovation Survey (CIS III) survey and the Portuguese Quadros de Pessoal. We observe an impact of innovation activities in performance gains three years later. This effect is observed only for small firms (less than 50 employees), and it is stronger for newer firms, thus leading to conclude that innovation activities may be a source of competitive advantage, especially for new firms.
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2011
Linking innovation with firms' growth and performance is still a challenge for research. It is di... more Linking innovation with firms' growth and performance is still a challenge for research. It is difficult to observe the effect of new products and processes on firms' performance, because it may take a long time between innovation and the economic gain of firms. This paper intends to address this challenge and look at the relationship between innovation and firm performance, distinguishing product and process innovation. We join two different databases: the third Community Innovation Survey (CIS III) survey and the Portuguese Quadros de Pessoal. We observe an impact of innovation activities in performance gains three years later. This effect is observed only for small firms (less than 50 employees), and it is stronger for newer firms, thus leading to conclude that innovation activities may be a source of competitive advantage, especially for new firms.
European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2005
Skip to Main Content. ...
Frontiers of …, 2009
Recent studies examine the determinants of entrepreneurial efforts among immigrants (Borjas, 1986... more Recent studies examine the determinants of entrepreneurial efforts among immigrants (Borjas, 1986; Fairlie and Meyer, 1996; Lofstrom 2002). In general, studies point out that migrant status and ethnicity affect the individual propensity to start a new business (Levie, 2006) and that ...
Frontiers of …, 2009
Recent studies examine the determinants of entrepreneurial efforts among immigrants (Borjas, 1986... more Recent studies examine the determinants of entrepreneurial efforts among immigrants (Borjas, 1986; Fairlie and Meyer, 1996; Lofstrom 2002). In general, studies point out that migrant status and ethnicity affect the individual propensity to start a new business (Levie, 2006) and that ...
The Journal of Technology Transfer, 2015
Entrepreneurship capital has frequently been characterized as an important determinant of regiona... more Entrepreneurship capital has frequently been characterized as an important determinant of regional economic growth. Yet, we have limited knowledge about what explains why certain regions are more successful in creating entrepreneurship capital in general and in particular in technology-and knowledge-intensive sectors. In this paper, we shed light on the skill base of a region in terms of its endowment with human capital and the composition, i.e. specialization or diversity, of skills. Moreover, we look at the context in which entrepreneurship capital formation takes place by focusing on differences in the institutional infrastructures for entrepreneurship in two European countries: Germany and Portugal. Based on harmonized datasets, our results indicate important differences between the countries. Specifically, our results suggest that both specialization and diversity theories hold, and that the effects are thus contingent on regional factors.
2006 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology, 2006
Abstract This paper examines the innovation processes in the Portuguese chemical industry. By exp... more Abstract This paper examines the innovation processes in the Portuguese chemical industry. By exploring the innovative activities undertaken by a chemical multinational in Portugal, we build a map of the knowledge bases representative of the Portuguese chemical industry. The paper presents a descriptive analysis of the company's formal innovation process, which includes an internal form and an external form. Within the external mode, we explore in greater detail the design of a specific initiative which can be classified as a kind of ...
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012
Abstract: We examine the impact of founders' and employees' general and... more Abstract: We examine the impact of founders' and employees' general and specific human capital on the performance of new firms (survival and sales) over time. We find that firms founded by more educated business owners are more likely to perform better. Results also indicate that business owners with previous managerial and industry-specific experience are more likely to survive and present better sales performance. This effect persists and indeed gains relevance over time, even if the firm's owners change. While industry- ...
Space Policy, May 1, 2019
Please refer to published version for the most recent bibliographic citation information. If a pu... more Please refer to published version for the most recent bibliographic citation information. If a published version is known of, the repository item page linked to above, will contain details on accessing it.
Technological Forecasting and Social Change, May 1, 2021
Long-term public support may encourage the diffusion of emerging technologies by coordinating the... more Long-term public support may encourage the diffusion of emerging technologies by coordinating the generation of knowledge and providing patient funding, but unexpected policy changes may hinder private investment and even lead to situations of technology lockout. Leveraging archival data; insights from 45 interviews across academia, industry, and government; and 75 hours of participant observations, we develop insights about why institutional instability in Portugal affected the adoption of Polymer Additive Manufacturing (PAM) and Metal Additive Manufacturing (MAM) differently. In both cases, Portugal invested in the technology relatively early. While PAM has been widely adopted, including increasingly in high-tech applications, MAM adoption has been modest despite MAM's potential to greatly improve the performance and competitiveness of metal molds. From the comparison between PAM and MAM, we generate theory about technological and contextual factors that affect 'technological forgiveness', defined as the resilience of a new technology's adoption to institutional instability.
Frontiers in Medicine, 2021
Background: The urgent need for mechanical ventilators to support respiratory insufficiency due t... more Background: The urgent need for mechanical ventilators to support respiratory insufficiency due to SARS-CoV-2 led to a worldwide effort to develop low-cost, easily assembled, and locally manufactured ventilators. The ATENA ventilator project was developed in a community-based approach targeting the development, prototyping, testing, and decentralized manufacturing of a new mechanical ventilator.Objective: This article aims to demonstrate ATENA's adequate performance and safety for clinical use.Material: ATENA is a low-cost ventilator that can be rapidly manufactured, easily assembled, and locally produced anywhere in the world. It was developed following the guidelines and requirements provided by European and International Regulatory Authorities (MHRA, ISO 86201) and National Authorities (INFARMED). The device was thoroughly tested using laboratory lung simulators and animal models.Results: The device meets all the regulatory requirements for pandemic ventilators. Additionally,...
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2016
Additive Manufacturing, 2019
DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of t... more DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement:
ArXiv, 2021
The fourth industrial revolution is rapidly changing the manufacturing landscape. Due to the grow... more The fourth industrial revolution is rapidly changing the manufacturing landscape. Due to the growing research and fast evolution in this field, no clear definitions of these concepts yet exist. This work provides a clear description of technological trends and gaps. We introduce a novel method to create a map of Industry 4.0 technologies, using natural language processing to extract technology terms from 14,667 research articles and applying network analysis. We identified eight clusters of Industry 4.0 technologies, which served as the basis for our analysis. Our results show that Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technologies have become the center of the Industry 4.0 technology map. This is in line with the initial definitions of Industry 4.0, which centered on IIoT. Given the recent growth in the importance of artificial intelligence (AI), we suggest accounting for AI’s fundamental role in Industry 4.0 and understanding the fourth industrial revolution as an AI-powered natura...
The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) is likely to have a substantial impact on the economy. Com... more The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) is likely to have a substantial impact on the economy. Companies need to build up capabilities to implement new technologies, and automation may make some occupations obsolete. However, where, when, and how the change will happen remain to be determined. Robust empirical indicators of technological progress linked to occupations can help to illuminate this change. With this aim, we provide such an indicator based on patent data. Using natural language processing, we calculate patent exposure scores for more than 900 occupations, which represent the technological progress related to them. To provide a lens on the impact of the 4IR, we differentiate between traditional and 4IR patent exposure. Our method differs from previous approaches in that it both accounts for the diversity of task-level patent exposures within an occupation and reflects work activities more accurately. We find that exposure to 4IR patents differs from traditional patent exp...
Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 2012
Entrepreneurship and Growth in Local, Regional and National Economies
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2009
The question whether agglomeration externalities arise either from specialization or diversificat... more The question whether agglomeration externalities arise either from specialization or diversification of economic activity has since long been a major topic in the analysis of factors determining economic growth. In this paper we analyze whether a more specialized or a more diverse skill composition of labor in regions affects the level of new firm entries in general as well as in technology-and knowledge-intensive subsectors. We compare Germany and Portugal which exhibit, though EU member states, different institutional infrastructures for entrepreneurship. Based on a harmonized dataset, our results indicate that the skill composition has different effects on firm entry in the two countries. More specifically, for Portugal the specialization of skills has a positive effect on the level on new firm entry in all sectors. In contrast to this, our results for Germany reveal exactly the opposite effect. These results suggest that both specialization and diversity theories hold, and that the effect thus may depend on other more local and regional factors.
Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2014
Science policies emphasizing the advanced qualification of human resources, together with democra... more Science policies emphasizing the advanced qualification of human resources, together with democratizing access to science and internationalizing the science base, are shown to help build the conditions needed to drive brain gain over time. Exploring a new set of data for the period 1970-2010 in Portugal, this paper focuses on the analysis of flows of doctorates, with the ultimate goal of helping to promote the absorptive capacity that emerging regions and countries worldwide need to acquire to learn how to use science for economic and social development. It shows a notable process of brain gain by the end of this period and, above all, it provides a dynamic approach to the cumulative process of building knowledge-based societies. The results show the need to consider the co-evolution of brain gain, brain drain and brain circulation over time and space. In addition, they suggest the importance of certain major counter-intuitive policy instruments to facilitate the co-evolution of human capital formation and research capacity building. In the case of Portugal, these instruments have included a centralized program of research grants, research careers independent of traditional academic career tracks, and a diversified system of funding research units and institutions based on research assessments through international peer reviews.
Synlett, 2005
The combination of functional synthesis and electrochemical detection at a sensor surface is part... more The combination of functional synthesis and electrochemical detection at a sensor surface is particularly intriguing as it allows to explore molecular processes and reactions. The three dimensional microenvironment at the surface of electrodes provides a solid structural basis for a ...
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2011
Linking innovation with firms' growth and performance is still a challenge for research. It is di... more Linking innovation with firms' growth and performance is still a challenge for research. It is difficult to observe the effect of new products and processes on firms' performance, because it may take a long time between innovation and the economic gain of firms. This paper intends to address this challenge and look at the relationship between innovation and firm performance, distinguishing product and process innovation. We join two different databases: the third Community Innovation Survey (CIS III) survey and the Portuguese Quadros de Pessoal. We observe an impact of innovation activities in performance gains three years later. This effect is observed only for small firms (less than 50 employees), and it is stronger for newer firms, thus leading to conclude that innovation activities may be a source of competitive advantage, especially for new firms.
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2011
Linking innovation with firms' growth and performance is still a challenge for research. It is di... more Linking innovation with firms' growth and performance is still a challenge for research. It is difficult to observe the effect of new products and processes on firms' performance, because it may take a long time between innovation and the economic gain of firms. This paper intends to address this challenge and look at the relationship between innovation and firm performance, distinguishing product and process innovation. We join two different databases: the third Community Innovation Survey (CIS III) survey and the Portuguese Quadros de Pessoal. We observe an impact of innovation activities in performance gains three years later. This effect is observed only for small firms (less than 50 employees), and it is stronger for newer firms, thus leading to conclude that innovation activities may be a source of competitive advantage, especially for new firms.
European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2005
Skip to Main Content. ...
Frontiers of …, 2009
Recent studies examine the determinants of entrepreneurial efforts among immigrants (Borjas, 1986... more Recent studies examine the determinants of entrepreneurial efforts among immigrants (Borjas, 1986; Fairlie and Meyer, 1996; Lofstrom 2002). In general, studies point out that migrant status and ethnicity affect the individual propensity to start a new business (Levie, 2006) and that ...
Frontiers of …, 2009
Recent studies examine the determinants of entrepreneurial efforts among immigrants (Borjas, 1986... more Recent studies examine the determinants of entrepreneurial efforts among immigrants (Borjas, 1986; Fairlie and Meyer, 1996; Lofstrom 2002). In general, studies point out that migrant status and ethnicity affect the individual propensity to start a new business (Levie, 2006) and that ...
The Journal of Technology Transfer, 2015
Entrepreneurship capital has frequently been characterized as an important determinant of regiona... more Entrepreneurship capital has frequently been characterized as an important determinant of regional economic growth. Yet, we have limited knowledge about what explains why certain regions are more successful in creating entrepreneurship capital in general and in particular in technology-and knowledge-intensive sectors. In this paper, we shed light on the skill base of a region in terms of its endowment with human capital and the composition, i.e. specialization or diversity, of skills. Moreover, we look at the context in which entrepreneurship capital formation takes place by focusing on differences in the institutional infrastructures for entrepreneurship in two European countries: Germany and Portugal. Based on harmonized datasets, our results indicate important differences between the countries. Specifically, our results suggest that both specialization and diversity theories hold, and that the effects are thus contingent on regional factors.
2006 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology, 2006
Abstract This paper examines the innovation processes in the Portuguese chemical industry. By exp... more Abstract This paper examines the innovation processes in the Portuguese chemical industry. By exploring the innovative activities undertaken by a chemical multinational in Portugal, we build a map of the knowledge bases representative of the Portuguese chemical industry. The paper presents a descriptive analysis of the company's formal innovation process, which includes an internal form and an external form. Within the external mode, we explore in greater detail the design of a specific initiative which can be classified as a kind of ...
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012
Abstract: We examine the impact of founders' and employees' general and... more Abstract: We examine the impact of founders' and employees' general and specific human capital on the performance of new firms (survival and sales) over time. We find that firms founded by more educated business owners are more likely to perform better. Results also indicate that business owners with previous managerial and industry-specific experience are more likely to survive and present better sales performance. This effect persists and indeed gains relevance over time, even if the firm's owners change. While industry- ...