Kristin Hagen - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Uploads
Publications by Kristin Hagen
NanoEthics 10:201–213, doi:10.1007/s11569-016-0267-0, 2016
In science policy, public controversy around synthetic biology has often been presented as a majo... more In science policy, public controversy around
synthetic biology has often been presented as a major
risk because it could deter innovation. The following
inter-related strategies for avoiding contestation have
been observed: (1) There have been attempts to close
down debates by alluding to the importance and legitimacy
of reliance on scientific evidence as input to
regulatory processes. (2) Scientific policy advice has
stressed sufficiency of existing regulation, economic
risks of additional regulation and/or suggestions for
monitoring that are limited in scope. (3) Initiatives for
self-governance have narrowed the scope of topics for
consideration. (4) Engagement with humanities, social
sciences and arts has been co-opted for legitimisation
and science communication. Although such agendas are
of course not ubiquitous, in this paper, I criticise that
instrumentally motivated engagement has been supported
not only by the scientific community but also by
policy institutions and funding bodies. I argue that it is
good that this now seems to fuel controversy in the
academic and policy realms. As synthetic biology is
not the only technoscientific field to see such dynamics,
this is also part of the broader context of debate about
the governance of science, especially the concept of
Bresponsible research and innovation^ (RRI) currently
promoted in the EU.
Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment, 2016
Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment, 2016
Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment, 2015
Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment, 2009
... I would like to thank the authors Dr. Margret Engelhard; Kristin Hagen, Ph.D.; RikkeBaggerJør... more ... I would like to thank the authors Dr. Margret Engelhard; Kristin Hagen, Ph.D.; RikkeBaggerJørgensen,Ph.D.;ProfessorDr.RafaelPardo-Avellaneda ... who has in addition made specific contributions to chapter 2.3), Professor Dr. J. Luy (Berlin), Professor Dr. P. Sandøe (Kopen-...
Physiology & behavior, Jan 2, 2005
Heart rate variability parameters in the time, frequency and nonlinear domains were investigated ... more Heart rate variability parameters in the time, frequency and nonlinear domains were investigated in two breeds of dairy cows (Austrian Simmental and Brown Swiss) milked either in an automatic milking system with partially forced cow traffic or in a herringbone milking parlour. Recordings were made of 24 cows (six of each breed and milking system) during lying, standing idle, and standing being milked, and analysed with linear mixed effects models taking the covariates time of day, live body weight, milk yield, stage of lactation and stage of pregnancy into account. Heart rate and nonlinear deterministic shares were higher, and heart rate variability in the time and frequency domains was lower, later in the day, in cows with higher body weight and in Simmental compared to Brown Swiss cows. Differences in the linear and nonlinear domains during lying indicated an increased level of chronic stress in cows in the automatic milking system with partially forced cow traffic, compared to co...
Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2004
ABSTRACT Automatic milking systems (AMS) are becoming increasingly common on dairy farms and shou... more ABSTRACT Automatic milking systems (AMS) are becoming increasingly common on dairy farms and should be evaluated for their effect on cow welfare. Dairy cows’ stress responses during normal successful milking in a 2×6 herringbone milking parlour (HMP) were compared with their responses during normal successful voluntary milking in an automatic unit (AMU). We observed 42 cows: 12 Simmental and 11 Brown Swiss in the AMU, and 10 Simmental and 9 Brown Swiss in the HMP. Both prior to and during the observations each cow was milked in one system only. Behaviour during milking and durations of different phases of the milking procedure were observed directly two to six times per cow. Heart rate was recorded telemetrically. Samples of composite milk were analysed for cortisol using an enzyme-immunoassay. Milking lasted longer in the HMP than in the AMU (general mixed model: F1,39=12.06,P=0.0013), after significant effects of milk yield, day of lactation and time of day had been taken into account. Location of the teats by the robot took longer in Simmental than in Brown Swiss cows (Mann–Whitney-U-test: U11,12=32, P=0.037). Kicking and stepping with the hind legs was less frequent in the AMU than in the HMP (U23,19=76.5 for kicks; U23,19=85 for steps; P
It has been suggested that during instrumental learning, animals are likely to react emotionally ... more It has been suggested that during instrumental learning, animals are likely to react emotionally to the reinforcer. They may in addition react emotionally to their own achievements. These reactions are of interest with regard to the animals' capacity for self-awareness. Therefore, we devised a yoked control experiment involving the acquisition of an operant task. We aimed to identify the emotional reactions of young cattle to their own learning and to separate these from reactions to a food reward. Twelve Holstein–Friesian heifers aged 7–12 months were divided into two groups. Heifers in the experimental group were conditioned over a 14-day period to press a panel in order to open a gate for access to a food reward. For heifers in the control group, the gate opened after a delay equal to their matched partner's latency to open it. To allow for observation of the heifers' movements during locomotion after the gate had opened, there was a 15 m distance in the form of a race from the gate to the food trough. The heart rate of the heifers, and their behaviour when moving along the race towards the food reward were measured. When experimental heifers made clear improvements in learning, they were more likely than on other occasions to have higher heart rates and tended to move more vigorously along the race in comparison with their controls. This experiment found some, albeit inconclusive, indication that cattle may react emotionally to their own learning improvement.
Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2004
It has been suggested that during instrumental learning, animals are likely to react emotionally ... more It has been suggested that during instrumental learning, animals are likely to react emotionally to the reinforcer. They may in addition react emotionally to their own achievements. These reactions are of interest with regard to the animals' capacity for self-awareness. Therefore, we devised a yoked control experiment involving the acquisition of an operant task. We aimed to identify the emotional reactions of young cattle to their own learning and to separate these from reactions to a food reward. Twelve Holstein-Friesian heifers aged 7-12 months were divided into two groups. Heifers in the experimental group were conditioned over a 14-day period to press a panel in order to open a gate for access to a food reward. For heifers in the control group, the gate opened after a delay equal to their matched partner's latency to open it. To allow for observation of the heifers' movements during locomotion after the gate had opened, there was a 15 m distance in the form of a race from the gate to the food trough. The heart rate of the heifers, and their behaviour when moving along the race towards the food reward were measured. When experimental heifers made clear improvements in learning, they were more likely than on other occasions to have higher heart rates and tended to move more vigorously along the race in comparison with their controls. This experiment found some, albeit inconclusive, indication that cattle may react emotionally to their own learning improvement.
Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2003
We tested the ability of cattle to discriminate between socially familiar conspecifics in a Y-maz... more We tested the ability of cattle to discriminate between socially familiar conspecifics in a Y-maze discrimination experiment. The discriminative stimuli were herd members tethered in the Y-maze side arms (stimulus heifers); approach to one of these was rewarded with food and approach to the other was unrewarded, and their positions were randomly swapped. Each of six experimental heifers was subjected to two pairs of stimulus heifers. All subjects reached the learning criterion (19 out of 20 consecutive choices to the rewarded stimulus heifer's position in the Y-maze) with one pair of stimulus heifers. With the other pair, learning was slower and only three of the subjects reached criterion. All heifers that reached criterion chose correctly in at least five additional trials designed to control for cues emanating from the experimenter's behaviour or from the food reward. We conclude that cattle can discriminate between individual familiar conspecifics, that they can learn discrimination tasks quickly, and that speed of learning and level of correct response can be influenced by the identity of the stimulus individuals. We also explored the experimental heifers' behaviour during the learning process. Behaviours indicative of agitation were observed more often in the second task than in the first and also increased with time during learning tasks (P < 0:05), but were not related to whether a heifer made a correct choice. Head orientation predicted the correct direction when this was subsequently chosen (P < 0:05), whereas body orientation tended to predict the correct direction when the incorrect arm was subsequently chosen (P ¼ 0:063). #
NanoEthics 10:201–213, doi:10.1007/s11569-016-0267-0, 2016
In science policy, public controversy around synthetic biology has often been presented as a majo... more In science policy, public controversy around
synthetic biology has often been presented as a major
risk because it could deter innovation. The following
inter-related strategies for avoiding contestation have
been observed: (1) There have been attempts to close
down debates by alluding to the importance and legitimacy
of reliance on scientific evidence as input to
regulatory processes. (2) Scientific policy advice has
stressed sufficiency of existing regulation, economic
risks of additional regulation and/or suggestions for
monitoring that are limited in scope. (3) Initiatives for
self-governance have narrowed the scope of topics for
consideration. (4) Engagement with humanities, social
sciences and arts has been co-opted for legitimisation
and science communication. Although such agendas are
of course not ubiquitous, in this paper, I criticise that
instrumentally motivated engagement has been supported
not only by the scientific community but also by
policy institutions and funding bodies. I argue that it is
good that this now seems to fuel controversy in the
academic and policy realms. As synthetic biology is
not the only technoscientific field to see such dynamics,
this is also part of the broader context of debate about
the governance of science, especially the concept of
Bresponsible research and innovation^ (RRI) currently
promoted in the EU.
Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment, 2016
Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment, 2016
Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment, 2015
Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment, 2009
... I would like to thank the authors Dr. Margret Engelhard; Kristin Hagen, Ph.D.; RikkeBaggerJør... more ... I would like to thank the authors Dr. Margret Engelhard; Kristin Hagen, Ph.D.; RikkeBaggerJørgensen,Ph.D.;ProfessorDr.RafaelPardo-Avellaneda ... who has in addition made specific contributions to chapter 2.3), Professor Dr. J. Luy (Berlin), Professor Dr. P. Sandøe (Kopen-...
Physiology & behavior, Jan 2, 2005
Heart rate variability parameters in the time, frequency and nonlinear domains were investigated ... more Heart rate variability parameters in the time, frequency and nonlinear domains were investigated in two breeds of dairy cows (Austrian Simmental and Brown Swiss) milked either in an automatic milking system with partially forced cow traffic or in a herringbone milking parlour. Recordings were made of 24 cows (six of each breed and milking system) during lying, standing idle, and standing being milked, and analysed with linear mixed effects models taking the covariates time of day, live body weight, milk yield, stage of lactation and stage of pregnancy into account. Heart rate and nonlinear deterministic shares were higher, and heart rate variability in the time and frequency domains was lower, later in the day, in cows with higher body weight and in Simmental compared to Brown Swiss cows. Differences in the linear and nonlinear domains during lying indicated an increased level of chronic stress in cows in the automatic milking system with partially forced cow traffic, compared to co...
Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2004
ABSTRACT Automatic milking systems (AMS) are becoming increasingly common on dairy farms and shou... more ABSTRACT Automatic milking systems (AMS) are becoming increasingly common on dairy farms and should be evaluated for their effect on cow welfare. Dairy cows’ stress responses during normal successful milking in a 2×6 herringbone milking parlour (HMP) were compared with their responses during normal successful voluntary milking in an automatic unit (AMU). We observed 42 cows: 12 Simmental and 11 Brown Swiss in the AMU, and 10 Simmental and 9 Brown Swiss in the HMP. Both prior to and during the observations each cow was milked in one system only. Behaviour during milking and durations of different phases of the milking procedure were observed directly two to six times per cow. Heart rate was recorded telemetrically. Samples of composite milk were analysed for cortisol using an enzyme-immunoassay. Milking lasted longer in the HMP than in the AMU (general mixed model: F1,39=12.06,P=0.0013), after significant effects of milk yield, day of lactation and time of day had been taken into account. Location of the teats by the robot took longer in Simmental than in Brown Swiss cows (Mann–Whitney-U-test: U11,12=32, P=0.037). Kicking and stepping with the hind legs was less frequent in the AMU than in the HMP (U23,19=76.5 for kicks; U23,19=85 for steps; P
It has been suggested that during instrumental learning, animals are likely to react emotionally ... more It has been suggested that during instrumental learning, animals are likely to react emotionally to the reinforcer. They may in addition react emotionally to their own achievements. These reactions are of interest with regard to the animals' capacity for self-awareness. Therefore, we devised a yoked control experiment involving the acquisition of an operant task. We aimed to identify the emotional reactions of young cattle to their own learning and to separate these from reactions to a food reward. Twelve Holstein–Friesian heifers aged 7–12 months were divided into two groups. Heifers in the experimental group were conditioned over a 14-day period to press a panel in order to open a gate for access to a food reward. For heifers in the control group, the gate opened after a delay equal to their matched partner's latency to open it. To allow for observation of the heifers' movements during locomotion after the gate had opened, there was a 15 m distance in the form of a race from the gate to the food trough. The heart rate of the heifers, and their behaviour when moving along the race towards the food reward were measured. When experimental heifers made clear improvements in learning, they were more likely than on other occasions to have higher heart rates and tended to move more vigorously along the race in comparison with their controls. This experiment found some, albeit inconclusive, indication that cattle may react emotionally to their own learning improvement.
Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2004
It has been suggested that during instrumental learning, animals are likely to react emotionally ... more It has been suggested that during instrumental learning, animals are likely to react emotionally to the reinforcer. They may in addition react emotionally to their own achievements. These reactions are of interest with regard to the animals' capacity for self-awareness. Therefore, we devised a yoked control experiment involving the acquisition of an operant task. We aimed to identify the emotional reactions of young cattle to their own learning and to separate these from reactions to a food reward. Twelve Holstein-Friesian heifers aged 7-12 months were divided into two groups. Heifers in the experimental group were conditioned over a 14-day period to press a panel in order to open a gate for access to a food reward. For heifers in the control group, the gate opened after a delay equal to their matched partner's latency to open it. To allow for observation of the heifers' movements during locomotion after the gate had opened, there was a 15 m distance in the form of a race from the gate to the food trough. The heart rate of the heifers, and their behaviour when moving along the race towards the food reward were measured. When experimental heifers made clear improvements in learning, they were more likely than on other occasions to have higher heart rates and tended to move more vigorously along the race in comparison with their controls. This experiment found some, albeit inconclusive, indication that cattle may react emotionally to their own learning improvement.
Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2003
We tested the ability of cattle to discriminate between socially familiar conspecifics in a Y-maz... more We tested the ability of cattle to discriminate between socially familiar conspecifics in a Y-maze discrimination experiment. The discriminative stimuli were herd members tethered in the Y-maze side arms (stimulus heifers); approach to one of these was rewarded with food and approach to the other was unrewarded, and their positions were randomly swapped. Each of six experimental heifers was subjected to two pairs of stimulus heifers. All subjects reached the learning criterion (19 out of 20 consecutive choices to the rewarded stimulus heifer's position in the Y-maze) with one pair of stimulus heifers. With the other pair, learning was slower and only three of the subjects reached criterion. All heifers that reached criterion chose correctly in at least five additional trials designed to control for cues emanating from the experimenter's behaviour or from the food reward. We conclude that cattle can discriminate between individual familiar conspecifics, that they can learn discrimination tasks quickly, and that speed of learning and level of correct response can be influenced by the identity of the stimulus individuals. We also explored the experimental heifers' behaviour during the learning process. Behaviours indicative of agitation were observed more often in the second task than in the first and also increased with time during learning tasks (P < 0:05), but were not related to whether a heifer made a correct choice. Head orientation predicted the correct direction when this was subsequently chosen (P < 0:05), whereas body orientation tended to predict the correct direction when the incorrect arm was subsequently chosen (P ¼ 0:063). #