Lim Chiu - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Lim Chiu

Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Environment, Apr 18, 2020

Despite many sports tourism events have been organized globally yet the understanding about the e... more Despite many sports tourism events have been organized globally yet the understanding about the event greening practices is reasonably low. Hence, the impact of the sports event towards the environment and the communities are exceptionally high. For the purpose of this paper, some academic and consultancy-based literature on management and organization of sports tourism events in relation to green growth were reviewed. This conceptual paper focuses on the conceptualization and implementation of green sports events which covers the theory and principles of green practices, strategies and implementation of green practices in the case of selected Olympic Games, issues and challenges, and the roles of stakeholders. In addition, the critical insight from the literature also provides some "green" suggestions to be considered by sports tourism event organisers.

Asian Social Science, Nov 29, 2013

The study examined the correlation between emotional intelligence dimensions and psychographic at... more The study examined the correlation between emotional intelligence dimensions and psychographic attributes among Potential First Class students. The study also explored the differences between age and ethnicity factors on the level of psychographics attributes among 424 potential first class students (69 males and 355 females). The result showed significant relationship between emotional intelligence dimensions as well as significant correlation between psychographics attributes. Furthermore, significant relationship was found between emotional intelligence construct and psychographics attributes. In addition, the results showed that there were differences on the level of psychographics attributes based on the age and ethnicity factors. Lastly, the study recommended that emotional intelligence, and psychological constructs are important factors that could improve student success, especially for the university students.

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Oct 1, 2013

It is a challenge for sport tourism providers to organize the exceptional demand of physically-di... more It is a challenge for sport tourism providers to organize the exceptional demand of physically-disabled individuals. Analyzing the orientation of physically-disabled in sport tourism participation provides the basis for further theoretical recognition of constraints and negotiations in sport tourism in general, besides facilitating related providers and policy makers in understanding of strategies development to promote sporting events among individuals with disability. The objective of the current paper is answered based on survey research conducted in a representative sample of 312 physically-disabled Malaysian. According to the results, physically-disabled Malaysian struggle with a mix of structural constraints, interpersonal constraints, intrapersonal constraints, and cultural constraints. Majority of them are structurally constrained in sporting event participation. Although transportation is the main constraint factor, participations are possible through adoption of interpersonal coordination strategies, skill acquisition strategies, time management strategies, and financial resources strategies

Malaysian women'.^ practices in leisure varied significantly from those experienced by the genera... more Malaysian women'.^ practices in leisure varied significantly from those experienced by the general population as they are abide by cultural tradition to a greater extent than others. This study explored the leisure barriers and negotiation strategies experienced by multiethnic .hn&ysb women in sport tourism pursuit by utilizing Crawford, Jackson, and Godbey (1991) ccmmabe model as reference theory. Multistage cluster random sampling with proportion d e s i i was used to draw samples and data gathered from 636 respondents using self- ... ... .-1.. a&mSzd questionnaire were evaluated using 'SPSS-PC. ~Gdings proved that majority of multiethnic Malaysian women's experience in sport tourism quests were related to .cultural feature, precisely on the ethnic and occupation factors. This signified that cultural constmhts play vital tasks in, deciding the Ievels of sport tourism participation among Malaysian women. Nevertheless, Malaysian women assumed negotiation through interpersonal coordination strategies, skill acquisition strategies, financial resources strategies, and time management strategies. As the sport tourism market in Malaysia is strongly pressured by the traditional culture and the "dollar driven society", future sport tourism researcher should emphasize on the different behavioral. outcomes which may influence the multiethnic sports tourism demand.

Sports tourism is an essential part of world tourism and is trendy in Malaysia. Malaysia recorded... more Sports tourism is an essential part of world tourism and is trendy in Malaysia. Malaysia recorded about 25.83 million tourist arrivals in 2018. Efficient delivery of hospitality services to the sports tourists will contribute to the multi-billion-dollar sports tourism business. In a competitive sports tourism market, offering sporting event requires being deeply acknowledged with the reasons that attracts tourists' choice of specific sporting event and the degree of satisfaction that these sports tourists perceived from the service provided. As so, this present study discusses on the sports event's quality towards attendance of tourists at sports event hosted at northern zone of Malaysia. The objectives of this study are answered based on survey research conducted among 351 sports tourists at the sports event organized at northern zone of Malaysia. The study reveals that the intangible aspect of sports event's quality highly affects tourists' attendance at sports event hosted in Northern Zone of Malaysia, compared to the tangible aspect. Growing economy plays an important role in ensuring the quality of sports event. Findings reveal dissimilarities on perception of quality towards sports event between the gender groups, with the male tourists displaying higher sensitivity. Further study on sports events hosted in other region of Malaysia could contribute to development of quality sports events in promoting Malaysia as an international sports tourism destination.

Sports tourism is an essential part of world tourism and is trendy in Malaysia. Malaysia recorded... more Sports tourism is an essential part of world tourism and is trendy in Malaysia. Malaysia recorded about 25.83 million tourist arrivals in 2018. Efficient delivery of hospitality services to the sports tourists will contribute to the multi-billion-dollar sports tourism business. In a competitive sports tourism market, offering sporting event requires being deeply acknowledged with the reasons that attracts tourists’ choice of specific sporting event and the degree of satisfaction that these sports tourists perceived from the service provided. As so, this present study discusses on the sports event’s quality towards attendance of tourists at sports event hosted at northern zone of Malaysia. The objectives of this study are answered based on survey research conducted among 351 sports tourists at the sports event organized at northern zone of Malaysia. The study reveals that the intangible aspect of sports event’s quality highly affects tourists’ attendance at sports event hosted in Northern Zone of Malaysia, compared to the tangible aspect. Growing economy plays an important role in ensuring the quality of sports event. Findings reveal dissimilarities on perception of quality towards sports event between the gender groups, with the male tourists displaying higher sensitivity. Further study on sports events hosted in other region of Malaysia could contribute to development of quality sports events in promoting Malaysia as an international sports tourism destination.

Malaysian women’s practices in leisure vary significantly from those experienced by the general p... more Malaysian women’s practices in leisure vary significantly from those experienced by the general population as they abide by cultural traditions to a greater extent than other. This study explored the leisure barriers and negotiation strategies experienced by multiethnic Malaysian women in sport tourism pursuit. The hierarchical model of leisure constraints developed by Crawford, Jackson, and Godbey (1991) was used as the reference theory. Multistage cluster random sampling with proportional design was used to draw samples and data was gathered from 636 multiethnic Malaysian women of all ages, using a self-administered questionnaire. Although cultural constraint was the main barrier perceived, the majority of multiethnic Malaysian women’s experiences in sport tourism quests were related to interpersonal features. Negotiations were made possible through interpersonal coordination strategies, skill acquisition strategies, financial resource strategies, and time management strategies. This study could possibly guide sport tourism operators in formulating strategies to enhance competitiveness in the multiethnic local and global sport tourism markets.

Sports evcnts tourism is a major component of sports-related tourism in many counlries worldwide.... more Sports evcnts tourism is a major component of sports-related tourism in many counlries worldwide. Thus, sports event tourism organizations should strive to develop Internet marketing communications in order to maximize the tourism potential for sports event especially conducted on the island. Previous research revealed that the Internet has developed faster than any form of electronic technology or communication. Thc Intemct has bccn found to bc an effective way to create an irnagc for products and services that can impacf consumer behaviour while reinforcing satisfaction and loyalty. This study focuses on the Monsoon Cup Tcrengganu 20LI which was conducted at Pulau Duyong, Terengganu and the impact of online sports marketing by using the Sports Websitcs Acozptance Model (SWAM) ELS h e heoretical based. A self-administered qucstiomaire was designed and distributed to 160 rcspondcnts among sports tourists invoked in the 2011 Monsoon Cup Tercngganu. Systcrnatic simple random sampling was chasen ar the rescarch method in collecting data. The results rcvcalcd that spom tourists pcrccived a combination of advantages of online sports marketing (e.g. cheap and costless, customer service and access of ~nformation). Initially, the overall of 31 item af advantages were listed and item of the highest score was obtained fiorn the chcap and coslless component whcn it is "reachable at public amenities", that means it could be reached at almost everywhere particularly at public areas and it is kcc. It was also idcntificd that in terms of !he challenges expericnced in online sports marketing is sports tourism websites did not consist of appropriate colors and audio visuals. ?his is significance to tourisls' behaviors in order to dcvclop awareness and capture attention of one particular sports tourism evcnts In s h o c ir leads event organizers to recognize the importance of online sportf, marketing. Specifically, age and monthly family incornc did not influence the challenges experienced by sports events tourist. Research findings provide the basis for further conceptual understanding on advantages and challenges of online sports marketing in the sports event tourism field. Besides, the information gathered gives sport tourism providers and policy makers the opportunity to expand their marketing strategy as well as attract new sports tourists.

Eve11 though the discipline of psychology and education has gained in popularity during the last ... more Eve11 though the discipline of psychology and education has gained in popularity during the last decade, few studies have been conducted to determine the characteristics of the potential first class undergraduate students. This study was designed to exanline the demographic and psychographic characteristics of the potential first class undergraduates ill the Malaysian public universities. The selected respondents comprised of 424 undergraduates who obtained at least 3.67 of cumulative grade point average (CGPA) in their academic achievement in the entire duration of their study. This study uses a self-administered adapted questionnaire to collect data. The questionnaire consists of six dimensions on psychograpllic attributes, ~?a~nely task orientation, competitiveness, skill mastery, general self-efficacy, time management, leisure attitude, and socio-demographic characteristics as well. The results of the study indicate that the potential first class students have the highest level on task orientation; whilst time management scores the lowest. In addition, the results reveal that more than 99% of the students have either moderate or high level of psychographic attributes. The MANOVA results indicate that there were significant differences between male and female students in their task orientation and leisure attitude. Likewise, significant differences between ethnic groups were found for task orientation, competitiveness, and general self-efficacy. Thus, the findings of this study are able to assist the university management in providing coaching and mentoring by ensuring students suited to their needs and desires for their study.

~h i u ' , Omar A. ~n a n z e h ' '~niversiti Utara Malaysia, hfuluysia,

Leisure constraints experienced by Malaysian women differed significantly from those experienced ... more Leisure constraints experienced by Malaysian women differed significantly from those experienced by the general population as they have to adhere to cultural tradition to a greater extent than others. This study explored the leisure constraints and negotiation strategies experienced by Malaysian women in creating positive sport tourism pursuits. Besides that it assists in understanding the evolution of leisure In general as research of different cultural backgrounds would greatly enhance the leisure constraints literature. The hierarchical model of leisure constraints developed by Crawford, Jackson, and Godbey (1991) was used as the guiding theoretical base. A self-administered questionnaire was developed for this study. Multistage cluster random sampling with proportion design was used to draw samples and data collected from 636 respondents were analyzed using SPSS-PC. Some of the findings challenge the results of previous leisure studies by revealing that interpersonal constraint was the main component of leisure constraints perceived by Malaysian women in sport tourism participation. It was also identified that cultural constraint plays important role in deciding the levels of sport tourism participation among Malaysian women. Findings do, however, support previous researches that unavailability of time, lack of transport, ignorant about availability of leisure activities, lack of funds, and lack of convenient facilities are commonly perceived by Malaysian women in sport tourism pursuit. A combination of interpersonal coordination, skill acquisition, financial resources, and time management strategies place some Malaysian women in a better position to negotiate leisure constraints in sport tourism with majority adopting interpersonal coordination strategies. As sport tourism is capable Of rejuvenating other sectors of the economy, this study could guide sport tourism operators in formulating strategies to enhance competitiveness on the multiracial markets.

Advances in business strategy and competitive advantage book series, 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to have a further understanding of the issue and challenges of vis... more The purpose of this chapter is to have a further understanding of the issue and challenges of visitors in attending the small-scale sport event (SSSE). Although visitors are interested in mega-events, several SSSE is also organized, as SSSE can be a part of the tourism products. Understanding the issues and challenges will enhance SSSE to become one of the popular attractions for local tourism products. The issues that are being faced by the event organizers are insufficient facilities, the age limit of the participant, safety, the event quality, and the suitability of the location. This understanding will enhance the image of the small-scale sports events. Consequently, the organizer of small-scale sports events should better design the events and ensure that it will become an attraction for the enrichment of the local tourism products.

Springer eBooks, 2019

Counterfeit business has recently attracted considerable attention. A large part of that comes fr... more Counterfeit business has recently attracted considerable attention. A large part of that comes from the sports world, where the sale of counterfeit goods is growing. This study examines factors influencing intentions of student-athletes at public universities in Perlis for purchasing counterfeit products. The hypotheses were tested using the independent t-test and MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance), at the significance level of p < 0.05. The results indicated that perceived financial control exerts the greatest impact on student-athletes’ intention to purchase counterfeit sporting goods, although factors of perceived behavior and subjective norms also affected the decisions. The male youth-athletes showed higher positive attitude in relation to subjective norms and perceived behavior control to purchase counterfeit sports products. The youth-athletes perceived the same intention to acquire counterfeit sports products in relation to subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and perceived financial control, irrespective of their monthly family income. This investigation can help marketers and policy makers to understand the key influences on student-athletes’ behavior toward counterfeit sporting goods and thus to create effective marketing campaigns and anti-piracy strategies.

Asian Social Science, Apr 2, 2015

Young travellers, though restricted by relatively low levels of disposable income, are commonly h... more Young travellers, though restricted by relatively low levels of disposable income, are commonly having high interest and leisure time in exploring new destinations. It has been found that young travellers have high expectations regarding the importance of value for money though they have their financial resources available for travelling. Therefore, it has raised questions on the worthiness of carrying out a study about the travel behaviour and expenditure patterns among the young travellers in Malaysia. The study employed a survey questionnaire to collect data, which was adapted from standardized measures. A total of 643 respondents, which has been randomly selected in the Northern States of Malaysia were involved in the study. The completed questionnaires were analysed to measure the variables of the study consisted of selected socio-demographic, travel behaviour and expenditure patterns. This study found the expenditure patterns of the young travellers vary with regards to the purchase of tourism products. In addition, the results of the study also portrayed the differences of selected travel-related characteristics of young travellers in relation to the purpose of travel. Thus, this study may provide information which will help tourism marketers to develop marketing tools to satisfy and fulfill those young tourists' needs and understand certain reasons behind their spending patterns.

Sports events tourism is a major component of sports-xelated tourism in many countries worldwide.... more Sports events tourism is a major component of sports-xelated tourism in many countries worldwide. AS the sports events market is very competitive, the event organizers must be creative and possess entrepreneurial shUs when marketing their sports events. Previous research revealed that lhe Internet has deve!oped Izster than any form of electronic technology cr communication. The Intelnet has been found to be an effect.ive way to create an image for products and services that can impact consumer behaviour whle reiniorcing saiisfaction and loyalty. Purpose: This study focuses on the sports events tourism and the impact of online sports marketing by using the assimilation theory and the Sports Websites Acceptance Model (SWAM) in significance to spoft conslimer behaviour by using the Psychological Continuum Mode! (PCM) as the theoretical based. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was designed and distributed to 160 respondents among active and passive sports tourists involved in the 2011 Monsoon Cup Terengganu. Convenience sampling was chosen as the research method in coDecting data from targeted respondents. Results: The results reveal that both groups' active and passive spcrts tcurists perceived or experienced a combination of advantages of online sports marketing, namely cheap and costless, customer service and access of hformation. Initially, the overall of 31 items of advanlages were listed and ?'he paper rua Key Words: Spoft events tourism/ access of information/ Internet access and nniino sports marketing s prepared by the authors and printed es subn~iltd.

This study examined the visitors' experience in attending business events which are consistent wi... more This study examined the visitors' experience in attending business events which are consistent with the emergence of the event industry in Malaysia. Hence, from the previous studies, it shows that there is a negligence among the researchers regarding an understanding of visitors' behaviour especially at first and repeat visitors. In addition, most studies are focused on the attributes of the visitors and destinations in relation to motivation, image, and service quality. Specifically, the aim of this study is to determine the relationships between perceived value, satisfaction, and revisits intention in the context of visitors' experience at the business events. Therefore, Expectancy-Disconfirmation Theory will be used in order to investigate the relationship between an expectation before consumption and perception of visitors that lead to the positive action. This study will involve visitors who are attending Kuala Lumpur International Book Fair (KLIBF) and Malaysian Association of Tour and Travel Agents (MATTA) Fair as respondents. The data of this study will be collected from survey questionnaire. Thus, it is hoped that the findings of this study will enrich the knowledge of event organiser for better understanding of the behaviour of visitors in order to meet their needs and wants for a brighter future of the event industry.

Previous studies on the uses and gratification theory (U & G) suggested that consumer motivationa... more Previous studies on the uses and gratification theory (U & G) suggested that consumer motivational factors affect how they will consume the media and media contents. Recent marketing research has extended the theory to study the use of websites as a marketing and communication tools. The current study investigates the moderating effects of acceptance of sports event websites (ASETW) and intention to use the websites. Initially, components of acceptance of sports event tourism websites were developed based on the Sport Website Acceptance Model (SWAM). These components consisted of accessibility, flexibility, interactivity and reliability. As online consumers have been assumed to be actively involved in their Internet and website marketing, it is important for present researchers understand why online consumers choose to utilize the Internet and websites as well as to investigate the moderating effects of motivational factors on the relationship between acceptance and intention to use the websites. A sample of the study comprised of 530 local and international tourists participated in three selected sports event tourism conducted in Malaysia in 2013 (315 males and 215 females). A simple random sampling technique was applied to select these respondents. Results of regression analysis show that there was a significant relationship between acceptance and intention to use the websites. In order to determine the effects of motivational factors as the moderating variables that moderate the relationship between independent and dependent variable, a multiple regression analysis through the stepwise method was carried out. Results show that this study indicates only 14.8% of the total variation of intention to use the websites was explained by accepting, entertainment gratification, informativeness gratification, moderator entertainment gratification and moderator informativeness gratification. The findings of this study suggest that future researchers in academia and tourism industry may include other moderating attributes apart from the ones mentioned here when developing and providing online information marketing and communication through tourism websites.

Green practices have become a major distress for local event organizersas it is world widely prac... more Green practices have become a major distress for local event organizersas it is world widely practiced. Hence, statistics also shown that the number of event organizer that practiced green were increased globally and locally. However, the lack of previous studies regarding this issue has led to inconsistency in predicting the organizational intention in practicing green. In addition, more studies were focused on the other services sector, such as printing, airlines, restaurants and hotel. Limited research has been done in examining the intention in practicing green in the event sector. Therefore, with the aid of the past literatures and Theory of Planned Behavior as the guidelines, three variables such as personal belief, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control will be used in predicting organization's intention in practicing green. Thus, the focus of this paper will delineate the influence of these three indicators and targeting one type of event organizer which is the hotel managers in Langkawi as respondents. Accordingly, the study aims to remedy the limitation of prior research pertaining to predicting the organisations intention in practicing green. As a result, this study not only highlight academic discussions on predicting the green practices , but also derives managerial implications for the event industry by outlining ways to incorporate continuing professional education in greening the event.

Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Environment, Apr 18, 2020

Asian Social Science, Nov 29, 2013

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Oct 1, 2013

Sports tourism is an essential part of world tourism and is trendy in Malaysia. Malaysia recorded... more Sports tourism is an essential part of world tourism and is trendy in Malaysia. Malaysia recorded about 25.83 million tourist arrivals in 2018. Efficient delivery of hospitality services to the sports tourists will contribute to the multi-billion-dollar sports tourism business. In a competitive sports tourism market, offering sporting event requires being deeply acknowledged with the reasons that attracts tourists’ choice of specific sporting event and the degree of satisfaction that these sports tourists perceived from the service provided. As so, this present study discusses on the sports event’s quality towards attendance of tourists at sports event hosted at northern zone of Malaysia. The objectives of this study are answered based on survey research conducted among 351 sports tourists at the sports event organized at northern zone of Malaysia. The study reveals that the intangible aspect of sports event’s quality highly affects tourists’ attendance at sports event hosted in Northern Zone of Malaysia, compared to the tangible aspect. Growing economy plays an important role in ensuring the quality of sports event. Findings reveal dissimilarities on perception of quality towards sports event between the gender groups, with the male tourists displaying higher sensitivity. Further study on sports events hosted in other region of Malaysia could contribute to development of quality sports events in promoting Malaysia as an international sports tourism destination.

~h i u ' , Omar A. ~n a n z e h ' '~niversiti Utara Malaysia, hfuluysia,

Advances in business strategy and competitive advantage book series, 2020

Springer eBooks, 2019

Asian Social Science, Apr 2, 2015