Marfizal.ST MT - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Marfizal.ST MT
The national electrification ratio is only 72.95%. As many as 27.05% of the territory in Indonesi... more The national electrification ratio is only 72.95%. As many as 27.05% of the territory in Indonesia has not been reached by electricity with various obstacles, one of which is because of the remote location so that access is difficult. One of the efforts to overcome the electricity problem is to take advantage of the potential energy sources around people's residences. One potential that might be used is a water energy source with low head and discharge. Ideally, this is done by using a generator system that uses a propeller type turbine. The difficulty of making propeller turbines is especially in the manufacture of housings and turbine blades. In this research, an attempt is made to simplify the turbine housing and turbine blades so that they are easy to manufacture. The design is made for Head (H) : 5 m Water flow (Q) : 0.11 m3/s Viscosity (ρ) : 998 kg/m3 Gravity (g) : 9.81 m/s2 Assumed hydraulic efficiency (ηh) : 0 ,80 Power (P) : 4,37 kW, Angle of attack (180o-β∞) 16o, Glide angle 55o, Thickness of inner blade(λ) 2,16o, Thickness of outer blade(δ) 2o. Simplification of the turbine housing is carried out by making the turbine housing from pipe iron and the simplification of the turbine blade is carried out by making turbine blades by eliminating the aerodynamic cross section of the blades, so that the blades can be made of steel plates without casting as is treated in aerodynamic sections. To see the effect of aerodynamic and non-aerodynamic cross-sectional shapes on efficiency, an efficiency test will be carried out.
Purpose-This work aims to study the treatment of adsorbant on the increasing liquid hydrocarbon q... more Purpose-This work aims to study the treatment of adsorbant on the increasing liquid hydrocarbon quality produced by pyrolysis low density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic waste at low temperature. The hydrocarbon distribution, physicochemical properties and emission test were also studied due to its application in internal combustion engine. This research uses pure Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) and pure activated carbon as adsorbant, LDPE type clear plastic samples with control variable that is solar gas station. Design/Methodology/Approach-LDPE plastic waste of 10 kg were vaporized in the thermal cracking batch reactor using LPG 12 kg as fuel at range temperature from 100 to 300°C and condensed into liquid hydrocarbon. Furthermore, this product was treated with the mixed CaCO 3 and activated carbon as adsorbants to decrease contaminant material. Findings-GC-MS identified the presence of carbon chain in the range of C6-C44 with 24.24% of hydrocarbon compounds in the liquid. They are similar to diesel (C6-C14). The 30% of liquid yields were found at operating temperature of 300°C. The calorific value of liquid was 46.021 MJ/Kg. This value was 5.07% higher than diesel as control. Originality/value-Hydrocarbon compounds in liquid produced by thermal cracking at a low temperature was similar to liquid from a catalytic process.
dengan (menyebut) nama Tuhan-mu yang telah menciptakan. Dia telah menciptakan manusia dari segump... more dengan (menyebut) nama Tuhan-mu yang telah menciptakan. Dia telah menciptakan manusia dari segumpal darah. Bacalah, dan Tuhan-mulah Yang Maha Mulia. Yang mengajar (manusia) dengan pena. Dia mengajarkan manusia apa yang tidak diketahuinya." (QS. Al Alaq 96: 1-5) Kupersembahkan tulisan ini sebagai bakti tulus kepada almarhum Ayah, Ibu, dan Kakak, Istri serta keluarga besarku Atas segala yang telah diberikan untuk menggapai cita-citaku. Ucapan terimakasih yang tulus kepada seluruh Dosenku, Guru-guruku, atas ilmu dan didikan yang diberikan kepadaku, semoga menjadi amal shaleh di sisi Allah SWT, Amin… Untuk rekan-rekan Magister Teknik Mesin angkatan 2011, Kakak, serta adik angkatan, adik-adik asisten MKE dan semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyelesaian Tesis ini terimakasih atas bantuan dan dukungannya Akhirnya….semoga semua ilmu pengetahuan yang telah kuperoleh menjadi ilmu yang bermanfaat bagi Diriku Agamaku, Keluargaku, Bangsa dan Negaraku.
Penelitian yang dilakukan dalam tulisan ini terkait pengujian performa engine 4 langkah menggunak... more Penelitian yang dilakukan dalam tulisan ini terkait pengujian performa engine 4 langkah menggunakan bahan bakar hasil pirolisis sampah plastik (BBHPSP) dan dibandingkan dengan bahan bakar standar, yaitu premium. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan parameter tetap berupa volume bahan bakar (20 cc) dan kecepatan engine pada 4500 rpm yang dijaga konstan. Untuk memetakan performa engine 4 langkah menggunakan kedua jenis bahan bakar divariasikan besar pembebanan di poros keluaran engine. Berdasarkan pengukuran yang dilakukan diperoleh temperatur ruang bakar dan temperatur gas buang di exhaust manifold menggunakan termokopel. Hasil ini digunakan untuk menghitung performa engine 4 langkah yang menunjukkan bahwa performa engine 4 langkah dengan BBHPSP masih berada di bawah performa engine dengan premium. Pada penelitian ini diketahui bahwa kerja keluaran, indicated horse power (IHP), dan efisiensi termal engine dengan BBHPSP lebih rendah masing-masingnya dalam rentang 8,0 -11,7%; 20,8 -32,1%; dan 9,6 -17,7% terhadap nilai premium. Akan tetapi, konsumsi bahan bakar spesifiknya lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan premium yaitu sebesar32,4 -53,1%. Selanjutnya, hubungan antara konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik dengan kerja keluaran, IHP, dan efisiensi termal memenuhi fungsi kudratik. Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa BBHPSP dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif dengan perlunya proses perlakuan setelah pirolisis selesai dilakukan atau penambahan katalis dalam proses.
The plastic recycling industry is a business that provides solutions in handling plastic waste, b... more The plastic recycling industry is a business that provides solutions in handling plastic waste, besides that it functions as a supplier of plastic raw materials which can reduce dependence on imported raw materials. The plastic recycling business actors still do not have a multi-function machine in reprocessing plastics into raw materials. Therefore it is necessary to have a shredder machine that functions shredding and extruder machine that can melt plastic until extrusion into plastic pellets. So that the machine can be made according to customer needs, the design concept used is the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. The steps taken in this QFD method include: preparing customer needs, comparing consumer needs with technical responses, so as to obtain the main components needed. The machine design consists of several concepts then compared to the reference concept. The results obtained of weighting based on the order of design priorities are: the design of a shredder blade that has a small cutting force, Shredder-extruder transmission can be combined and can be separated, the hopper can be closed and opened. The weighting results based on the selection of concepts obtained a shredder and extruder machines design that can be operated alternately or simultaneously using an single electric motor as the main mover.
Biomass gasification of organic waste is a gas which can be utilized as a source of alternative e... more Biomass gasification of organic waste is a gas which can be utilized as a source of alternative energy. However, in the process, the resulting gas still found fairly high moisture content. So it takes liquidifikasi, water trap and adsorption technology to improve the quality of the gas. This research begins with the design of energy conversion tool as the process liquidifikasi, fluids water trap and adsorption technology. The quality of the resulting gas increases significantly and the resulting combustion gases are reduced. Keyword : the design of liquidifikasi, water trap and liquid adsorption technology ABSTRAK Hasil gasifikasi biomasa dari sampah organik adalah gas yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber energi alternatif. Namun, dalam prosesnya, gas yang dihasilkan masih ditemukan kandungan air yang cukup tinggi. Sehingga dibutuhkan liquidifikasi, water trap dan teknologi adsorpsi untuk meningkatkan kualitas gas.Penelitian ini dimulai dengan perancangan alat konversi energy sebgai proses liquidifikasi, penjebak cairan dan teknologi adsorpsi.Kualitas gas yang dihasilkan meningkat secara signifikan dan dihasilkan pembakaran gas yang tereduksi pengotornya.. Kata kunci: perancangan liquidifikasi, teknologi adsorpsi dan penjebak cairan 1. PENDAHULUAN Pertumbuhan penduduk menyebabkan pertambahan jumlah sampah. Semakin banyak jumlah penduduk dalam suatu kota, maka semakin kompleks pula kegiatan dan usahanya, sehingga akan semakin besar pula permasalahan sampah yang harus ditanggulangi [1]. Sumber sampah yang terbanyak dari pemukiman dan pasar tradisional. Sampah pasar seperti sayur mayur, buah-buahan, ikan, dan lain-lain, sebagian besar (95%) berupa sampah organik sehingga lebih mudah untuk ditangani dan bisa diurai oleh mikroba. Sedangkan sampah yang berasal dari pemukiman umumnya sangat beragam,
Pyrolysis is one method to solve problem of plastic waste management to convert plastic waste int... more Pyrolysis is one method to solve problem of plastic waste management to convert plastic waste into liquid fuel to reduce plastic waste. The purpose of this study is to produce liquid fuel from polypropylene plastic waste and also improving of the quality of the liquid fuel through the adsorption process and also characterization of bentonite and activated carbon as the adsorbent. The pyrolysis have done at 200-270 o C for 4-9 hours. The mixture of bentonite and activated carbon are used and activated with KOH and H3PO4. The ratio of the mixture bentonite and activated carbon were 40%:60%, 55%:45% and 85%:15% for KOH as activator and 25%:75% and 75%:25% for H3PO4. The pyrolysis results of 5 kg clear PP produced 310 mL of liquid fuel, while 6 kg color PP produce 320 ml of liquid fuel. The GC-MS analysis result that the carbon chain of the liquid fuel is in the range of C8-C12. The caloric value is 45,032 J/kg for liquid fuel from clear PP and 45,542 KJ/Kg for color PP. The adsorption results showed that an increase in liquid fuel calorific value. The highest increase was 4.45% i.e. liquid fuel from clear PP with variation of bentonite and activated carbon was 85%:15% activated with KOH. While the value of sulfur content is reduced, the highest reduction was 32.5% which is liquid fuel from clear PP with variation of bentonite and activated carbon was 70%:30% activated with H3PO4. The characterization of bentonite using XRD and SEM show that the compound is calcite (CaCO3) and some element such as carbon, calcium, rubidium, Iridium, thallium, and arsenic and the structure of activated carbon from palm shell is amorphous compounds SiO2.
Pyrolysis is one method to solve problem of plastic waste management to convert plastic waste int... more Pyrolysis is one method to solve problem of plastic waste management to convert plastic waste into liquid fuel to reduce plastic waste. The purpose of this study is to produce liquid fuel from polypropylene plastic waste and also improving of the quality of the liquid fuel through the adsorption process and also characterization of bentonite and activated carbon as the adsorbent. The pyrolysis have done at 200-270 o C for 4-9 hours. The mixture of bentonite and activated carbon are used and activated with KOH and H3PO4. The ratio of the mixture bentonite and activated carbon were 40%:60%, 55%:45% and 85%:15% for KOH as activator and 25%:75% and 75%:25% for H3PO4. The pyrolysis results of 5 kg clear PP produced 310 mL of liquid fuel, while 6 kg color PP produce 320 ml of liquid fuel. The GC-MS analysis result that the carbon chain of the liquid fuel is in the range of C8-C12. The caloric value is 45,032 J/kg for liquid fuel from clear PP and 45,542 KJ/Kg for color PP. The adsorption results showed that an increase in liquid fuel calorific value. The highest increase was 4.45% i.e. liquid fuel from clear PP with variation of bentonite and activated carbon was 85%:15% activated with KOH. While the value of sulfur content is reduced, the highest reduction was 32.5% which is liquid fuel from clear PP with variation of bentonite and activated carbon was 70%:30% activated with H3PO4. The characterization of bentonite using XRD and SEM show that the compound is calcite (CaCO3) and some element such as carbon, calcium, rubidium, Iridium, thallium, and arsenic and the structure of activated carbon from palm shell is amorphous compounds SiO2.
Pada umumnya korosi pada logam merupakan reaksi elektrokimia. Reaksi elektrokimia adalah suatu re... more Pada umumnya korosi pada logam merupakan reaksi elektrokimia. Reaksi elektrokimia adalah suatu reaksi yang melibatkan perpindahan. Reaksi ini meliputi reaksi oksidasi dan reaksi reduksi. Contoh reaksi oksidasi dan reaksi reduksi sebahai berikut: Zn → Zn 2+ + 2 e -(reaksi oksidasi), 2H + + 2 e -→ H 2 ↑ (reaksi reduksi) Laju korosi adalah kecepatan rambatan atau kecepatan penurunan kualitas bahan terhadap waktu.
Pada Impressed current (arus tandingan), arus listrik searah (dc) diperoleh dari sumber luar (pen... more Pada Impressed current (arus tandingan), arus listrik searah (dc) diperoleh dari sumber luar (penyearah arus/rectifier), dimana kutub negatif (-) dihubungkan ke logam yang dilindungi dan kutub positif (+) dihubungkan ke anoda. Anoda yang biasa dipergunakan adalah : Ti/Pt (Titanium/Platinum), Nb/Pt (Niobium/Platinum), Ta/Pt (Tantalum/Platinum), magnetit, besi-silikon, dan baja. Masing² anoda mempunyai kekhususan dalam penggunaannya ditinjau dari lingkungan dan kapasitas arus. Gambar 2. Skematika CP Impressed current SACRIFICIAL ANODA ( ANODA KORBAN )
Contoh: galvanisasi (pelapisan) dengan Zn (seng) pada baja. Baja dilapisi Zn bukan karena Zn memi... more Contoh: galvanisasi (pelapisan) dengan Zn (seng) pada baja. Baja dilapisi Zn bukan karena Zn memiliki ketahanan korosi yang tinggi tetapi karena Zn diumpankan agar terkorosi terlebih dahulu. steel steel Tin (Sn) Zn terkorosi terkorosi anoda katoda anoda katoda 4. Differential aeration cell (sel konsentrasi oksigen), yaitu terjadi perbedaan konsentrasi oksigen. Korosi galvanis dapat terjadi pada: Ilustrasi Sel Konsentrasi Oksigen (O 2 ).
Pada dunia industri, dibutuhkan adanya insulasi baik panas ataupun dingin selain untuk safety j... more Pada dunia industri, dibutuhkan adanya insulasi baik panas ataupun dingin selain untuk safety juga untuk penghematan energy. Karena untuk service dengan tempeartur yang ekstrim misalnya, maka untuk mencegah kerugian akibat bersentuhan dengan lingkungan maka perlu di buat perencanaan untuk terjadinya perpindahan panas dari atau ke system terhadap lingkungannya.
Relief valve digunakan dalam sistem perpipaan sebagai 'pembuangan tekanan' dari sistem jika tekan... more Relief valve digunakan dalam sistem perpipaan sebagai 'pembuangan tekanan' dari sistem jika tekanan meningkat di atas operasi yang aman. Saat relief valve discharge, fluida akan menginitiate 'jet force' yang ditransfer ke sistem pipa.
INSPEKSI PADA SISTEM PERPIPAAN Sistem perpipaan didesain untuk berbagai kondisi. Perhatian khus... more INSPEKSI PADA SISTEM PERPIPAAN Sistem perpipaan didesain untuk berbagai kondisi. Perhatian khusus harus diberikan pada sistem perpipaan yang mengarah pada korosi, erosi, dan fatig serta hal-hal yang beroperasi pada tekanan tinggi. Semua bahan pipa dan sambungan harus dapat beroperasi pada kondisi maksimum. Sejarah operasional harus direviu untuk menentukan apakah terdapat perubahan pada kondisi operasi yang keluar dari kondisi normalnya. Jika kondisi operasi telah berubah, catatan harus dibuat untuk menjamin komponen-komponen sistem perpipaan mencukupi. Perpipaan harus diinspeksi untuk memastikan adanya: Ekspansi Rangka pendukung yang cukup Tidak ada kebocoran Koneksi yang benar. Tujuannya adalah untuk menentukan apakah ada perubahan posisi karena adanya tegangan pada pipa atau sambungan yang lain. Spesifikasi yang cocok untuk kondisi operasi Tidak ada fakta-fakta korosi, erosi, atau retak Korosi. Korosi terjadi karena adanya oksigen dan larutan garam, seperti halnya yang ditemukan air umpan boiler yang jelek. Jika korosi ditemukan pada bejana tekan, sistem perpipaan yang terkait juga harus diperiksa. Korosi dapat menyerang secara luas pada permukaan logam atau terlokalisir pada bentuk korosi galvanis dan pitting. Untuk mengestimasi pengaruh korosi pada luas permukaan yang besar, ketebalan logam harus diperiksa dengan menggunakan peralatan ultasonik atau pengeboran. Ketebalan estimasi digunakan untuk mengestimasikan tekanan kerja yang aman. Mendapatkan oksigen Kehilangan hidrogen Kehilangan elektron Oksidasi Reduksi Kehilangan oksigen Mendapatkan hidrogen Mendapatkan elektron
Bertujuan untuk menjamin keamanan operasi sistem perpipaan dengan verifikasi integritas struktur ... more Bertujuan untuk menjamin keamanan operasi sistem perpipaan dengan verifikasi integritas struktur yang mendapat berbagai kondisi pembebanan. Hal di atas dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan perhitungan & perbandingan parameter berikut terhadap harga-harga yang diijinkan :
Sistem perpipaan umumnya mendapat beban tekanan internal dari fluida yang dialirkan Beban tek... more Sistem perpipaan umumnya mendapat beban tekanan internal dari fluida yang dialirkan Beban tekanan lebih berpengaruh pada tegangan yang ditimbulkan pada dinding pipa dibandingkan dengan menimbulkan beban pada tumpuan. Hal ini diakibatkan beban tekan di"netralize" oleh tegangan pada dinding pipa Tekanan
The national electrification ratio is only 72.95%. As many as 27.05% of the territory in Indonesi... more The national electrification ratio is only 72.95%. As many as 27.05% of the territory in Indonesia has not been reached by electricity with various obstacles, one of which is because of the remote location so that access is difficult. One of the efforts to overcome the electricity problem is to take advantage of the potential energy sources around people's residences. One potential that might be used is a water energy source with low head and discharge. Ideally, this is done by using a generator system that uses a propeller type turbine. The difficulty of making propeller turbines is especially in the manufacture of housings and turbine blades. In this research, an attempt is made to simplify the turbine housing and turbine blades so that they are easy to manufacture. The design is made for Head (H) : 5 m Water flow (Q) : 0.11 m3/s Viscosity (ρ) : 998 kg/m3 Gravity (g) : 9.81 m/s2 Assumed hydraulic efficiency (ηh) : 0 ,80 Power (P) : 4,37 kW, Angle of attack (180o-β∞) 16o, Glide angle 55o, Thickness of inner blade(λ) 2,16o, Thickness of outer blade(δ) 2o. Simplification of the turbine housing is carried out by making the turbine housing from pipe iron and the simplification of the turbine blade is carried out by making turbine blades by eliminating the aerodynamic cross section of the blades, so that the blades can be made of steel plates without casting as is treated in aerodynamic sections. To see the effect of aerodynamic and non-aerodynamic cross-sectional shapes on efficiency, an efficiency test will be carried out.
Purpose-This work aims to study the treatment of adsorbant on the increasing liquid hydrocarbon q... more Purpose-This work aims to study the treatment of adsorbant on the increasing liquid hydrocarbon quality produced by pyrolysis low density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic waste at low temperature. The hydrocarbon distribution, physicochemical properties and emission test were also studied due to its application in internal combustion engine. This research uses pure Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) and pure activated carbon as adsorbant, LDPE type clear plastic samples with control variable that is solar gas station. Design/Methodology/Approach-LDPE plastic waste of 10 kg were vaporized in the thermal cracking batch reactor using LPG 12 kg as fuel at range temperature from 100 to 300°C and condensed into liquid hydrocarbon. Furthermore, this product was treated with the mixed CaCO 3 and activated carbon as adsorbants to decrease contaminant material. Findings-GC-MS identified the presence of carbon chain in the range of C6-C44 with 24.24% of hydrocarbon compounds in the liquid. They are similar to diesel (C6-C14). The 30% of liquid yields were found at operating temperature of 300°C. The calorific value of liquid was 46.021 MJ/Kg. This value was 5.07% higher than diesel as control. Originality/value-Hydrocarbon compounds in liquid produced by thermal cracking at a low temperature was similar to liquid from a catalytic process.
dengan (menyebut) nama Tuhan-mu yang telah menciptakan. Dia telah menciptakan manusia dari segump... more dengan (menyebut) nama Tuhan-mu yang telah menciptakan. Dia telah menciptakan manusia dari segumpal darah. Bacalah, dan Tuhan-mulah Yang Maha Mulia. Yang mengajar (manusia) dengan pena. Dia mengajarkan manusia apa yang tidak diketahuinya." (QS. Al Alaq 96: 1-5) Kupersembahkan tulisan ini sebagai bakti tulus kepada almarhum Ayah, Ibu, dan Kakak, Istri serta keluarga besarku Atas segala yang telah diberikan untuk menggapai cita-citaku. Ucapan terimakasih yang tulus kepada seluruh Dosenku, Guru-guruku, atas ilmu dan didikan yang diberikan kepadaku, semoga menjadi amal shaleh di sisi Allah SWT, Amin… Untuk rekan-rekan Magister Teknik Mesin angkatan 2011, Kakak, serta adik angkatan, adik-adik asisten MKE dan semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyelesaian Tesis ini terimakasih atas bantuan dan dukungannya Akhirnya….semoga semua ilmu pengetahuan yang telah kuperoleh menjadi ilmu yang bermanfaat bagi Diriku Agamaku, Keluargaku, Bangsa dan Negaraku.
Penelitian yang dilakukan dalam tulisan ini terkait pengujian performa engine 4 langkah menggunak... more Penelitian yang dilakukan dalam tulisan ini terkait pengujian performa engine 4 langkah menggunakan bahan bakar hasil pirolisis sampah plastik (BBHPSP) dan dibandingkan dengan bahan bakar standar, yaitu premium. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan parameter tetap berupa volume bahan bakar (20 cc) dan kecepatan engine pada 4500 rpm yang dijaga konstan. Untuk memetakan performa engine 4 langkah menggunakan kedua jenis bahan bakar divariasikan besar pembebanan di poros keluaran engine. Berdasarkan pengukuran yang dilakukan diperoleh temperatur ruang bakar dan temperatur gas buang di exhaust manifold menggunakan termokopel. Hasil ini digunakan untuk menghitung performa engine 4 langkah yang menunjukkan bahwa performa engine 4 langkah dengan BBHPSP masih berada di bawah performa engine dengan premium. Pada penelitian ini diketahui bahwa kerja keluaran, indicated horse power (IHP), dan efisiensi termal engine dengan BBHPSP lebih rendah masing-masingnya dalam rentang 8,0 -11,7%; 20,8 -32,1%; dan 9,6 -17,7% terhadap nilai premium. Akan tetapi, konsumsi bahan bakar spesifiknya lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan premium yaitu sebesar32,4 -53,1%. Selanjutnya, hubungan antara konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik dengan kerja keluaran, IHP, dan efisiensi termal memenuhi fungsi kudratik. Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa BBHPSP dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif dengan perlunya proses perlakuan setelah pirolisis selesai dilakukan atau penambahan katalis dalam proses.
The plastic recycling industry is a business that provides solutions in handling plastic waste, b... more The plastic recycling industry is a business that provides solutions in handling plastic waste, besides that it functions as a supplier of plastic raw materials which can reduce dependence on imported raw materials. The plastic recycling business actors still do not have a multi-function machine in reprocessing plastics into raw materials. Therefore it is necessary to have a shredder machine that functions shredding and extruder machine that can melt plastic until extrusion into plastic pellets. So that the machine can be made according to customer needs, the design concept used is the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. The steps taken in this QFD method include: preparing customer needs, comparing consumer needs with technical responses, so as to obtain the main components needed. The machine design consists of several concepts then compared to the reference concept. The results obtained of weighting based on the order of design priorities are: the design of a shredder blade that has a small cutting force, Shredder-extruder transmission can be combined and can be separated, the hopper can be closed and opened. The weighting results based on the selection of concepts obtained a shredder and extruder machines design that can be operated alternately or simultaneously using an single electric motor as the main mover.
Biomass gasification of organic waste is a gas which can be utilized as a source of alternative e... more Biomass gasification of organic waste is a gas which can be utilized as a source of alternative energy. However, in the process, the resulting gas still found fairly high moisture content. So it takes liquidifikasi, water trap and adsorption technology to improve the quality of the gas. This research begins with the design of energy conversion tool as the process liquidifikasi, fluids water trap and adsorption technology. The quality of the resulting gas increases significantly and the resulting combustion gases are reduced. Keyword : the design of liquidifikasi, water trap and liquid adsorption technology ABSTRAK Hasil gasifikasi biomasa dari sampah organik adalah gas yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber energi alternatif. Namun, dalam prosesnya, gas yang dihasilkan masih ditemukan kandungan air yang cukup tinggi. Sehingga dibutuhkan liquidifikasi, water trap dan teknologi adsorpsi untuk meningkatkan kualitas gas.Penelitian ini dimulai dengan perancangan alat konversi energy sebgai proses liquidifikasi, penjebak cairan dan teknologi adsorpsi.Kualitas gas yang dihasilkan meningkat secara signifikan dan dihasilkan pembakaran gas yang tereduksi pengotornya.. Kata kunci: perancangan liquidifikasi, teknologi adsorpsi dan penjebak cairan 1. PENDAHULUAN Pertumbuhan penduduk menyebabkan pertambahan jumlah sampah. Semakin banyak jumlah penduduk dalam suatu kota, maka semakin kompleks pula kegiatan dan usahanya, sehingga akan semakin besar pula permasalahan sampah yang harus ditanggulangi [1]. Sumber sampah yang terbanyak dari pemukiman dan pasar tradisional. Sampah pasar seperti sayur mayur, buah-buahan, ikan, dan lain-lain, sebagian besar (95%) berupa sampah organik sehingga lebih mudah untuk ditangani dan bisa diurai oleh mikroba. Sedangkan sampah yang berasal dari pemukiman umumnya sangat beragam,
Pyrolysis is one method to solve problem of plastic waste management to convert plastic waste int... more Pyrolysis is one method to solve problem of plastic waste management to convert plastic waste into liquid fuel to reduce plastic waste. The purpose of this study is to produce liquid fuel from polypropylene plastic waste and also improving of the quality of the liquid fuel through the adsorption process and also characterization of bentonite and activated carbon as the adsorbent. The pyrolysis have done at 200-270 o C for 4-9 hours. The mixture of bentonite and activated carbon are used and activated with KOH and H3PO4. The ratio of the mixture bentonite and activated carbon were 40%:60%, 55%:45% and 85%:15% for KOH as activator and 25%:75% and 75%:25% for H3PO4. The pyrolysis results of 5 kg clear PP produced 310 mL of liquid fuel, while 6 kg color PP produce 320 ml of liquid fuel. The GC-MS analysis result that the carbon chain of the liquid fuel is in the range of C8-C12. The caloric value is 45,032 J/kg for liquid fuel from clear PP and 45,542 KJ/Kg for color PP. The adsorption results showed that an increase in liquid fuel calorific value. The highest increase was 4.45% i.e. liquid fuel from clear PP with variation of bentonite and activated carbon was 85%:15% activated with KOH. While the value of sulfur content is reduced, the highest reduction was 32.5% which is liquid fuel from clear PP with variation of bentonite and activated carbon was 70%:30% activated with H3PO4. The characterization of bentonite using XRD and SEM show that the compound is calcite (CaCO3) and some element such as carbon, calcium, rubidium, Iridium, thallium, and arsenic and the structure of activated carbon from palm shell is amorphous compounds SiO2.
Pyrolysis is one method to solve problem of plastic waste management to convert plastic waste int... more Pyrolysis is one method to solve problem of plastic waste management to convert plastic waste into liquid fuel to reduce plastic waste. The purpose of this study is to produce liquid fuel from polypropylene plastic waste and also improving of the quality of the liquid fuel through the adsorption process and also characterization of bentonite and activated carbon as the adsorbent. The pyrolysis have done at 200-270 o C for 4-9 hours. The mixture of bentonite and activated carbon are used and activated with KOH and H3PO4. The ratio of the mixture bentonite and activated carbon were 40%:60%, 55%:45% and 85%:15% for KOH as activator and 25%:75% and 75%:25% for H3PO4. The pyrolysis results of 5 kg clear PP produced 310 mL of liquid fuel, while 6 kg color PP produce 320 ml of liquid fuel. The GC-MS analysis result that the carbon chain of the liquid fuel is in the range of C8-C12. The caloric value is 45,032 J/kg for liquid fuel from clear PP and 45,542 KJ/Kg for color PP. The adsorption results showed that an increase in liquid fuel calorific value. The highest increase was 4.45% i.e. liquid fuel from clear PP with variation of bentonite and activated carbon was 85%:15% activated with KOH. While the value of sulfur content is reduced, the highest reduction was 32.5% which is liquid fuel from clear PP with variation of bentonite and activated carbon was 70%:30% activated with H3PO4. The characterization of bentonite using XRD and SEM show that the compound is calcite (CaCO3) and some element such as carbon, calcium, rubidium, Iridium, thallium, and arsenic and the structure of activated carbon from palm shell is amorphous compounds SiO2.
Pada umumnya korosi pada logam merupakan reaksi elektrokimia. Reaksi elektrokimia adalah suatu re... more Pada umumnya korosi pada logam merupakan reaksi elektrokimia. Reaksi elektrokimia adalah suatu reaksi yang melibatkan perpindahan. Reaksi ini meliputi reaksi oksidasi dan reaksi reduksi. Contoh reaksi oksidasi dan reaksi reduksi sebahai berikut: Zn → Zn 2+ + 2 e -(reaksi oksidasi), 2H + + 2 e -→ H 2 ↑ (reaksi reduksi) Laju korosi adalah kecepatan rambatan atau kecepatan penurunan kualitas bahan terhadap waktu.
Pada Impressed current (arus tandingan), arus listrik searah (dc) diperoleh dari sumber luar (pen... more Pada Impressed current (arus tandingan), arus listrik searah (dc) diperoleh dari sumber luar (penyearah arus/rectifier), dimana kutub negatif (-) dihubungkan ke logam yang dilindungi dan kutub positif (+) dihubungkan ke anoda. Anoda yang biasa dipergunakan adalah : Ti/Pt (Titanium/Platinum), Nb/Pt (Niobium/Platinum), Ta/Pt (Tantalum/Platinum), magnetit, besi-silikon, dan baja. Masing² anoda mempunyai kekhususan dalam penggunaannya ditinjau dari lingkungan dan kapasitas arus. Gambar 2. Skematika CP Impressed current SACRIFICIAL ANODA ( ANODA KORBAN )
Contoh: galvanisasi (pelapisan) dengan Zn (seng) pada baja. Baja dilapisi Zn bukan karena Zn memi... more Contoh: galvanisasi (pelapisan) dengan Zn (seng) pada baja. Baja dilapisi Zn bukan karena Zn memiliki ketahanan korosi yang tinggi tetapi karena Zn diumpankan agar terkorosi terlebih dahulu. steel steel Tin (Sn) Zn terkorosi terkorosi anoda katoda anoda katoda 4. Differential aeration cell (sel konsentrasi oksigen), yaitu terjadi perbedaan konsentrasi oksigen. Korosi galvanis dapat terjadi pada: Ilustrasi Sel Konsentrasi Oksigen (O 2 ).
Pada dunia industri, dibutuhkan adanya insulasi baik panas ataupun dingin selain untuk safety j... more Pada dunia industri, dibutuhkan adanya insulasi baik panas ataupun dingin selain untuk safety juga untuk penghematan energy. Karena untuk service dengan tempeartur yang ekstrim misalnya, maka untuk mencegah kerugian akibat bersentuhan dengan lingkungan maka perlu di buat perencanaan untuk terjadinya perpindahan panas dari atau ke system terhadap lingkungannya.
Relief valve digunakan dalam sistem perpipaan sebagai 'pembuangan tekanan' dari sistem jika tekan... more Relief valve digunakan dalam sistem perpipaan sebagai 'pembuangan tekanan' dari sistem jika tekanan meningkat di atas operasi yang aman. Saat relief valve discharge, fluida akan menginitiate 'jet force' yang ditransfer ke sistem pipa.
INSPEKSI PADA SISTEM PERPIPAAN Sistem perpipaan didesain untuk berbagai kondisi. Perhatian khus... more INSPEKSI PADA SISTEM PERPIPAAN Sistem perpipaan didesain untuk berbagai kondisi. Perhatian khusus harus diberikan pada sistem perpipaan yang mengarah pada korosi, erosi, dan fatig serta hal-hal yang beroperasi pada tekanan tinggi. Semua bahan pipa dan sambungan harus dapat beroperasi pada kondisi maksimum. Sejarah operasional harus direviu untuk menentukan apakah terdapat perubahan pada kondisi operasi yang keluar dari kondisi normalnya. Jika kondisi operasi telah berubah, catatan harus dibuat untuk menjamin komponen-komponen sistem perpipaan mencukupi. Perpipaan harus diinspeksi untuk memastikan adanya: Ekspansi Rangka pendukung yang cukup Tidak ada kebocoran Koneksi yang benar. Tujuannya adalah untuk menentukan apakah ada perubahan posisi karena adanya tegangan pada pipa atau sambungan yang lain. Spesifikasi yang cocok untuk kondisi operasi Tidak ada fakta-fakta korosi, erosi, atau retak Korosi. Korosi terjadi karena adanya oksigen dan larutan garam, seperti halnya yang ditemukan air umpan boiler yang jelek. Jika korosi ditemukan pada bejana tekan, sistem perpipaan yang terkait juga harus diperiksa. Korosi dapat menyerang secara luas pada permukaan logam atau terlokalisir pada bentuk korosi galvanis dan pitting. Untuk mengestimasi pengaruh korosi pada luas permukaan yang besar, ketebalan logam harus diperiksa dengan menggunakan peralatan ultasonik atau pengeboran. Ketebalan estimasi digunakan untuk mengestimasikan tekanan kerja yang aman. Mendapatkan oksigen Kehilangan hidrogen Kehilangan elektron Oksidasi Reduksi Kehilangan oksigen Mendapatkan hidrogen Mendapatkan elektron
Bertujuan untuk menjamin keamanan operasi sistem perpipaan dengan verifikasi integritas struktur ... more Bertujuan untuk menjamin keamanan operasi sistem perpipaan dengan verifikasi integritas struktur yang mendapat berbagai kondisi pembebanan. Hal di atas dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan perhitungan & perbandingan parameter berikut terhadap harga-harga yang diijinkan :
Sistem perpipaan umumnya mendapat beban tekanan internal dari fluida yang dialirkan Beban tek... more Sistem perpipaan umumnya mendapat beban tekanan internal dari fluida yang dialirkan Beban tekanan lebih berpengaruh pada tegangan yang ditimbulkan pada dinding pipa dibandingkan dengan menimbulkan beban pada tumpuan. Hal ini diakibatkan beban tekan di"netralize" oleh tegangan pada dinding pipa Tekanan
The United Nations estimates that 1 billion people worldwide access to electricity, has a poor po... more The United Nations estimates that 1 billion people worldwide access to electricity, has a poor power quality. China has an installed capacity of hydroelectric power plants ranked first in the world. The United Nations estimates that 1 billion people poor quality of electricity. . From the above five countries are aggressively developing micro hydro as in the graph below show, from five countries such as Russia, USA, Canada, Brazil, China had an installed capacity of hydroelectric power plants ranked first in the world. In 2011, the national electrification ratio only amounted to 72.95% . A total of 27.05% in Indonesian territory has not reached by electricity with diverse obstacles, either because the remote location so that access is difficult. One attempt to do to resolve the electricity problem is to exploit the potential of existing energy sources around the residence society. One of the potential that may be used is the energy source of water. From a survey conducted in rural . showed that much of the energy sources of water around settlements with head and low discharge. Utilization of water sources with discharge as described above, ideally performed by using a system that uses a generator turbine type propeller. The turbine in addition to expensive and difficult to make than in the other turbines that can be used for low head like a cross flow. The difficulty of making a turbine propeller especially at home and turbine blade manufacture. In this research in the search effort for simplification of the turbine casing and turbine blades so easily made. Simplification of the turbine casing is done by making the turbine casing of iron pipes and simplification of turbine blades is done by making a turbine blade by removing an aerodynamic cross-section of the blade, so the blade can be made of steel plate without casting as treated on an aerodynamic cross-section. Keywords : low head, blade, simplification,aerodinamic, non aerodinamic,
—Pyrolysis is one method to solve problem of plastic waste management to convert plastic waste in... more —Pyrolysis is one method to solve problem of plastic waste management to convert plastic waste into liquid fuel to reduce plastic waste. The purpose of this study is to produce liquid fuel from polypropylene plastic waste and also improving of the quality of the liquid fuel through the adsorption process and also the characterization of bentonite and activated carbon as the adsorbent. The pyrolysis have done at 200-270 C for 4-9 hours. The mixture of bentonite and activated carbon are used and activated with KOH and H 3 PO 4. The ratio of the mixture bentonite and activated carbon were 40%:60%, 55%:45% and 85%:15% for KOH as activator and 25%:75% and 75%:25% for H3PO4. The pyrolysis results of 5 kg clear PP produced 310 mL of liquid fuel, while 6 kg. The GC-MS analysis results that the carbon chain in the liquid fuel is in the range of C8-C12. The caloric value is 45,032 J/kg. The adsorption results showed that an increase in liquid fuel calorific value. The highest increase was 4.45% i.e. liquid fuel from clear PP with variation of bentonite and activated carbon was 85%:15% activated with KOH. While the value of sulfur content is reduced, the highest reduction was 32.5% which is liquid fuel from clear PP with variation of bentonite and activated carbon was 70%:30% activated with H 3PO4. The characterization of bentonite using XRD and SEM show that the compound is calcite (CaCO 3) and some element such as carbon, calcium, rubidium, Iridium, thallium, and arsenic and the structure of activated carbon from palm shell is amorphous compounds as a SiO 2 .