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Books by Martina Winker

by Jenna M Condie, Martina Winker, Christopher Luederitz, John Hughes, Mahin Al Nahian, Dakila Kim Padoga Yee, natalie rosales, POOJA SHETTY, Gaurav Sikka, Mukesh Gupta, PhD, Christopher John Chanco, Domenico Caprioli, Gintare Pociute-Sereikiene, Basak Tanulku, and Aakriti Grover

Welcome to the book of blogs, a collection of diverse works from researchers across the globe who... more Welcome to the book of blogs, a collection of diverse works from researchers across the globe who all have something important to say about the way in which our world is changing and how we can strive towards a more sustainable future. This book emerged from an International Social Science Council (ISSC) meeting in November 2014 of early career researchers, who gathered in Taiwan to discuss transitions to urban contexts from a social science perspective. The seminar involved weeklong discussions about sustainable urbanisation and the contribution of social science research to sustainable urban futures. Yet a week was not long enough to hear the diverse perspectives within the room, let alone incorporate the plethora of viewpoints beyond it. Within the ISSC discussions we concluded that one definition of sustainable urbanisation is not possible and that sustainable urbanisations are in play. The transitions to urban contexts taking place, and those that are anticipated within our futures, were characterised in terms of their plurality, diversity, fluidity, and change. This book embraces such uncertainty by welcoming dialogues, rather than a monologue, on the urbanisation processes taking place across the world and what to do about the places we build, and the impacts of human activity on the environment, health and climate.

Papers by Martina Winker

Bioresource Technology, May 1, 2009

The plant nutrients consumed in human society today are lost through the established wastewater t... more The plant nutrients consumed in human society today are lost through the established wastewater treatment systems in industrialised countries as well as via insufficient or non-existent handling of sewage in the developing world. New sanitation systems have been designated to overcome this failure. The source separated wastewater streams collected within these systems contain a high nutrient content, and can be used as fertiliser as well as soil conditioner after appropriate storage and/or treatment. Application in agriculture with existing techniques is feasible. However, pathogens and pharmaceuticals contained in these fertiliser types are a potential hazard. Nevertheless, storage and appropriate treatment can minimise the risks. The products deriving from these systems have a high potential to preserve available plant nutrient resources and deficiencies in agriculture as well as being able to substitute synthetic plant nutrients and at the same time prevent unwanted environmental nutrient over-enrichment.

Hintergrund 4 f b r -wa s s e r s p i e g e l Gewonnenes und in Flaschen abgefülltes MAP. (Foto v... more Hintergrund 4 f b r -wa s s e r s p i e g e l Gewonnenes und in Flaschen abgefülltes MAP. (Foto von Martina Winker, 2010).

Science of The Total Environment, 2015

The issue of pharmaceuticals in the environment has caused increasing concern in the recent years... more The issue of pharmaceuticals in the environment has caused increasing concern in the recent years and various strategies have been proposed to tackle this problem. This work describes a Bayesian network (BN)-based socio-ecological impact assessment of a set of measures aimed at reducing the entry of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. The measures investigated were selected across three sectors: public health market, environmental politics and drug design innovation. The BN model was developed for two drugs, Metformin and Metoprolol, and it models the distribution of the Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) values as a function of different measures. Results show that the sensitivity of the PEC for the two drugs to the measures investigated reflects the distinct drug characteristics, suggesting that in order to ensure the successful reduction of a broad range of substances, a spectrum of measures targeting the entire lifecycle of a pharmaceutical should be implemented. Furthermore, evaluation of two scenarios reflecting different emission management strategies highlights that the integrated implementation of a comprehensive set of measures across the three sectors results in a more extensive reduction of the contamination. Finally, the BN provides an initial forecasting tool to model the PEC of a drug as a function of a combination of measures in a context-specific manner and possible adaptations of the model are proposed.

Pharmaceutical residues are present in all compartments of our environment. Therefore, measures r... more Pharmaceutical residues are present in all compartments of our environment. Therefore, measures reaching from design of new drugs to technical scaling up of wastewater Treatment plants are discussed. It became obvious during hose dscussions that preventive measures play an important role to minimise the problem at source. The poster provides some recent results on innovative ongoing efforts in the area of preventive measures.

The paper describes a memorandum on urban climate justice which is directed to the German Researc... more The paper describes a memorandum on urban climate justice which is directed to the German Research policy

Pharmaceutical residues are currently detectable in nearly all water bodies. Although their con-c... more Pharmaceutical residues are currently detectable in nearly all water bodies. Although their con-centrations are low, they are suspected to pose a risk for the environment and for humans. Therefore it should be clarified, in accordance with the precautionary principle, whether and how their entry into the aquatic environment should be avoided or at least minimized. To this end, both enviro-engineering measures and public health policies, as well as innovative approaches in drug development, can provide a solution. In the framework of the BMBF project “SAUBER+ Innovative concepts for wastewater from public health sector facilities”, two scenarios have been developed in collaboration with stake-holders. These scenarios describe how measures from the afore-mentioned fields can be imple-mented and integrated from today until 2030. The first scenario traces the continuation of current trends. The second one projects future developments assuming a commitment of the federal government towar...

Participative scenario procedures are frequently applied in sustainability research. The advantag... more Participative scenario procedures are frequently applied in sustainability research. The advantages are: practical knowledge makes the future scenarios more robust, strategic thinking is encouraged, a creative discussion framework develops. The only question is, how can narrative Scenarios be developed within a transdisciplinary context? The paper at hand considers itself as a differentiated methodical description. Taking the BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)-research project „SAUBER+ Innovative concepts for wastewater from public health sector facilities“ as an example, the individual work steps of the scenario development are described and their significance is being discussed. The proceedings within the project are critically reflected and subsequently recommendations for the use of participative scenarios are deducted for other research projects.

Urine is seen as an alternative fertilizer for agriculture as it contains relatively high concent... more Urine is seen as an alternative fertilizer for agriculture as it contains relatively high concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. But this usage of urine includes the risk of spreading pharmaceutical residues on to agricultural fields. In this study the uptake of carbamazepine, ibuprofen, and 17α-ethinylestradiol through rye grass fertilized with spiked male urine was investigated and analyzed by GC/MS. Plant matter production was not affected by the applied pharmaceutical concentrations but carbamazepine was taken up into roots (0.2 % of applied amount) and aerial plant parts (30 %). Concentrations of 17α-ethinylestradiol and ibuprofen could not be detected in plant tissue. It is assumed that they were biodegraded in soil. No evaluation of toxic effects of pharmaceuticals ingested by humans through crops is possible at the moment from the findings of this research.

Science of The Total Environment, 2008

Currently, many articles report on pharmaceutical residues detected in various compartments of th... more Currently, many articles report on pharmaceutical residues detected in various compartments of the environment. A major pathway into the aquatic environment is municipal wastewater. This article discusses the relevance of yellowwater (urine) as pharmaceutical source within this wastewater stream. Literature data about concentrations of 28 pharmaceutical residues detected in raw wastewater are compared to their theoretically calculated concentrations in urine. The study shows that these pharmaceuticals and their metabolites are excreted predominantly via urine although some substances show reasonable excretion via faeces. It is demonstrated that the influence of pharmacokinetic activities is one important issue affecting the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Nevertheless, only a weak correlation between concentrations of pharmaceuticals calculated in yellowwater and analysed in raw wastewater was observed. This is due to environmental effects taking place between the excretion of urine and the entrance of sewerage into the wastewater treatment plant. The data show that urine separation and separate handling/treatment of this wastewater stream represents a promising approach to protect the aquatic environment safely from human pharmaceuticals.

by Jenna M Condie, Martina Winker, Christopher Luederitz, John Hughes, Mahin Al Nahian, Dakila Kim Padoga Yee, natalie rosales, POOJA SHETTY, Gaurav Sikka, Mukesh Gupta, PhD, Christopher John Chanco, Domenico Caprioli, Gintare Pociute-Sereikiene, Basak Tanulku, and Aakriti Grover

Welcome to the book of blogs, a collection of diverse works from researchers across the globe who... more Welcome to the book of blogs, a collection of diverse works from researchers across the globe who all have something important to say about the way in which our world is changing and how we can strive towards a more sustainable future. This book emerged from an International Social Science Council (ISSC) meeting in November 2014 of early career researchers, who gathered in Taiwan to discuss transitions to urban contexts from a social science perspective. The seminar involved weeklong discussions about sustainable urbanisation and the contribution of social science research to sustainable urban futures. Yet a week was not long enough to hear the diverse perspectives within the room, let alone incorporate the plethora of viewpoints beyond it. Within the ISSC discussions we concluded that one definition of sustainable urbanisation is not possible and that sustainable urbanisations are in play. The transitions to urban contexts taking place, and those that are anticipated within our futures, were characterised in terms of their plurality, diversity, fluidity, and change. This book embraces such uncertainty by welcoming dialogues, rather than a monologue, on the urbanisation processes taking place across the world and what to do about the places we build, and the impacts of human activity on the environment, health and climate.

Bioresource Technology, May 1, 2009

The plant nutrients consumed in human society today are lost through the established wastewater t... more The plant nutrients consumed in human society today are lost through the established wastewater treatment systems in industrialised countries as well as via insufficient or non-existent handling of sewage in the developing world. New sanitation systems have been designated to overcome this failure. The source separated wastewater streams collected within these systems contain a high nutrient content, and can be used as fertiliser as well as soil conditioner after appropriate storage and/or treatment. Application in agriculture with existing techniques is feasible. However, pathogens and pharmaceuticals contained in these fertiliser types are a potential hazard. Nevertheless, storage and appropriate treatment can minimise the risks. The products deriving from these systems have a high potential to preserve available plant nutrient resources and deficiencies in agriculture as well as being able to substitute synthetic plant nutrients and at the same time prevent unwanted environmental nutrient over-enrichment.

Hintergrund 4 f b r -wa s s e r s p i e g e l Gewonnenes und in Flaschen abgefülltes MAP. (Foto v... more Hintergrund 4 f b r -wa s s e r s p i e g e l Gewonnenes und in Flaschen abgefülltes MAP. (Foto von Martina Winker, 2010).

Science of The Total Environment, 2015

The issue of pharmaceuticals in the environment has caused increasing concern in the recent years... more The issue of pharmaceuticals in the environment has caused increasing concern in the recent years and various strategies have been proposed to tackle this problem. This work describes a Bayesian network (BN)-based socio-ecological impact assessment of a set of measures aimed at reducing the entry of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. The measures investigated were selected across three sectors: public health market, environmental politics and drug design innovation. The BN model was developed for two drugs, Metformin and Metoprolol, and it models the distribution of the Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) values as a function of different measures. Results show that the sensitivity of the PEC for the two drugs to the measures investigated reflects the distinct drug characteristics, suggesting that in order to ensure the successful reduction of a broad range of substances, a spectrum of measures targeting the entire lifecycle of a pharmaceutical should be implemented. Furthermore, evaluation of two scenarios reflecting different emission management strategies highlights that the integrated implementation of a comprehensive set of measures across the three sectors results in a more extensive reduction of the contamination. Finally, the BN provides an initial forecasting tool to model the PEC of a drug as a function of a combination of measures in a context-specific manner and possible adaptations of the model are proposed.

Pharmaceutical residues are present in all compartments of our environment. Therefore, measures r... more Pharmaceutical residues are present in all compartments of our environment. Therefore, measures reaching from design of new drugs to technical scaling up of wastewater Treatment plants are discussed. It became obvious during hose dscussions that preventive measures play an important role to minimise the problem at source. The poster provides some recent results on innovative ongoing efforts in the area of preventive measures.

The paper describes a memorandum on urban climate justice which is directed to the German Researc... more The paper describes a memorandum on urban climate justice which is directed to the German Research policy

Pharmaceutical residues are currently detectable in nearly all water bodies. Although their con-c... more Pharmaceutical residues are currently detectable in nearly all water bodies. Although their con-centrations are low, they are suspected to pose a risk for the environment and for humans. Therefore it should be clarified, in accordance with the precautionary principle, whether and how their entry into the aquatic environment should be avoided or at least minimized. To this end, both enviro-engineering measures and public health policies, as well as innovative approaches in drug development, can provide a solution. In the framework of the BMBF project “SAUBER+ Innovative concepts for wastewater from public health sector facilities”, two scenarios have been developed in collaboration with stake-holders. These scenarios describe how measures from the afore-mentioned fields can be imple-mented and integrated from today until 2030. The first scenario traces the continuation of current trends. The second one projects future developments assuming a commitment of the federal government towar...

Participative scenario procedures are frequently applied in sustainability research. The advantag... more Participative scenario procedures are frequently applied in sustainability research. The advantages are: practical knowledge makes the future scenarios more robust, strategic thinking is encouraged, a creative discussion framework develops. The only question is, how can narrative Scenarios be developed within a transdisciplinary context? The paper at hand considers itself as a differentiated methodical description. Taking the BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)-research project „SAUBER+ Innovative concepts for wastewater from public health sector facilities“ as an example, the individual work steps of the scenario development are described and their significance is being discussed. The proceedings within the project are critically reflected and subsequently recommendations for the use of participative scenarios are deducted for other research projects.

Urine is seen as an alternative fertilizer for agriculture as it contains relatively high concent... more Urine is seen as an alternative fertilizer for agriculture as it contains relatively high concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. But this usage of urine includes the risk of spreading pharmaceutical residues on to agricultural fields. In this study the uptake of carbamazepine, ibuprofen, and 17α-ethinylestradiol through rye grass fertilized with spiked male urine was investigated and analyzed by GC/MS. Plant matter production was not affected by the applied pharmaceutical concentrations but carbamazepine was taken up into roots (0.2 % of applied amount) and aerial plant parts (30 %). Concentrations of 17α-ethinylestradiol and ibuprofen could not be detected in plant tissue. It is assumed that they were biodegraded in soil. No evaluation of toxic effects of pharmaceuticals ingested by humans through crops is possible at the moment from the findings of this research.

Science of The Total Environment, 2008

Currently, many articles report on pharmaceutical residues detected in various compartments of th... more Currently, many articles report on pharmaceutical residues detected in various compartments of the environment. A major pathway into the aquatic environment is municipal wastewater. This article discusses the relevance of yellowwater (urine) as pharmaceutical source within this wastewater stream. Literature data about concentrations of 28 pharmaceutical residues detected in raw wastewater are compared to their theoretically calculated concentrations in urine. The study shows that these pharmaceuticals and their metabolites are excreted predominantly via urine although some substances show reasonable excretion via faeces. It is demonstrated that the influence of pharmacokinetic activities is one important issue affecting the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Nevertheless, only a weak correlation between concentrations of pharmaceuticals calculated in yellowwater and analysed in raw wastewater was observed. This is due to environmental effects taking place between the excretion of urine and the entrance of sewerage into the wastewater treatment plant. The data show that urine separation and separate handling/treatment of this wastewater stream represents a promising approach to protect the aquatic environment safely from human pharmaceuticals.

Water Science & Technology, 2011

In the main office building of GTZ in Eschborn, Germany a resource-oriented sanitation system con... more In the main office building of GTZ in Eschborn, Germany a resource-oriented sanitation system containing urine diversion (UD) toilets and waterless urinals has been in operation since 2006. After 2.5 years of operating the system, a first overall evaluation of the system in terms of its acceptance amongst the users and the cleaning staff was conducted by carrying out two surveys and many interviews. The overall result is that most of the users appreciate the sanitation concept in theory but have problems with the technical design of the particular type of UD flush toilets installed here. The survey results also gave some directions towards which hygiene devices the users would appreciate in order to overcome their reluctance to sit down on the toilet seat in public buildings (the sitting being necessary for correct operation of the urine valve to separate urine from flush water). Also, it is difficult to convince the cleaning and facility maintenance staff of the necessity of special cleaning and preventative maintenance routines. Hence, before such systems can be widely used, clear cleaning routines and maintenance instruction are required as well as certain technical modifications of this type of UD flush toilets to optimise the urine/water separation and the flushing properties of the toilet.