Nirav Pandya - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Nirav Pandya

Research paper thumbnail of Impact Factor: 5.2 IJAR

Background: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) are both enterically transmitted,... more Background: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) are both enterically transmitted, resulting in acute viral hepatitis (AVH) in developing countries. They pose major health problems in our country. This study was done to determine prevalence of HAV and HEV in patients presenting with AVH and the co-infection of HAV and HEV in these patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1-year duration was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, MAX Hospital Deharadun. A non-random sampling of 315 patients presenting with AVH was considered in the study. On the basis of history, serum samples were analysed for IgM anti-HAV and IgM anti-HEV for the detection of HAV and HEV, respectively using commercially available ELISA kits. Results: The seroprevalence of HAV-and HEV-positive patients were 10.79% and 26.66%, respectively. The seroprevalence of both HAV and HEV in patients with acute viral hepatitis was 0.32%. The prevalence of HAV and HEV among males (13% and...

Research paper thumbnail of International Multicentre Study of Candida auris Infections

Journal of Fungi, 2021

Background:Candida auris has emerged globally as a multi-drug resistant yeast and is commonly ass... more Background:Candida auris has emerged globally as a multi-drug resistant yeast and is commonly associated with nosocomial outbreaks in ICUs. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational multicentre study to determine the epidemiology of C. auris infections, its management strategies, patient outcomes, and infection prevention and control practices across 10 centres from five countries. Results: Significant risk factors for C. auris infection include the age group of 61–70 years (39%), recent history of ICU admission (63%), diabetes (63%), renal failure (52%), presence of CVC (91%) and previous history of antibiotic treatment (96%). C. auris was commonly isolated from blood (76%). Echinocandins were the most sensitive drugs. Most common antifungals used for treatment were caspofungin (40%), anidulafungin (28%) and micafungin (15%). The median duration of treatment was 20 days. Source removal was conductedin 74% patients. All-cause crude mortality rate after 30 days was 37%. Ant...

Research paper thumbnail of Profiles of multidrug-resistant organisms among patients with bacteremia in intensive care units: an international ID-IRI survey

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2021

Evaluating trends in antibiotic resistance is a requisite. The study aimed to analyze the profile... more Evaluating trends in antibiotic resistance is a requisite. The study aimed to analyze the profile of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) among hospitalized patients with bacteremia in intensive care units (ICUs) in a large geographical area. This is a 1-month cross-sectional survey for blood-borne pathogens in 57 ICUs from 24 countries with different income levels: lower-middle-income (LMI), upper-middle-income (UMI), and high-income (HI) countries. Multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), or pan-drug-resistant isolates were searched. Logistic regression analysis determined resistance predictors among MDROs. Community-acquired infections were comparable to hospital-acquired infections particularly in LMI (94/202; 46.5% vs 108/202; 53.5%). Although MDR (65.1%; 502/771) and XDR (4.9%; 38/771) were common, no pan-drug-resistant isolate was recovered. In total, 32.1% of MDR were Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 55.3% of XDR were Acinetobacter baumannii. The highest MDR and XDR rates were in UMI and LMI, respectively, with no XDR revealed from HI. Predictors of MDR acquisition were male gender (OR, 12.11; 95% CI, 3.025-15.585) and the hospitalacquired origin of bacteremia (OR, 2.643; 95%CI, 1.462-3.894), and XDR acquisition was due to bacteremia in UMI (OR, 3.344; 95%CI, 1.189-5.626) and admission to medical-surgical ICUs (OR, 1.481; 95% CI, 1.076-2.037). We confirm the urgent need to expand stewardship activities to community settings especially in LMI, with more paid attention to the drugs with a higher potential for resistance. Empowering microbiology laboratories and reports to direct prescribing decisions should be prioritized. Supporting stewardship in ICUs, the mixed medical-surgical ones in particular, is warranted.

Research paper thumbnail of Six-year multicenter study on short-term peripheral venous catheters-related bloodstream infection rates in 204 intensive care units of 57 hospitals in 19 cities of India: International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) findings

American Journal of Infection Control, 2020

(V.D. Rosenthal). For a list of all the members of the International Nosocomial Infection Control... more (V.D. Rosenthal). For a list of all the members of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) and all the co-authors of this study, see the Appendix. Conflicts of interest: All authors report no conflicts of interest related to this article. Institutional Review Boards agreed to the study protocol, and patient confidentiality was protected by codifying the recorded information, making it only identifiable to the infection control team.

Research paper thumbnail of Device-Associated Infection Rates in 20 Cities of India, Data Summary for 2004-2013: Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium

Infection control and hospital epidemiology, Jan 26, 2015

OBJECTIVE To report the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium surveillance data f... more OBJECTIVE To report the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium surveillance data from 40 hospitals (20 cities) in India 2004-2013. METHODS Surveillance using US National Healthcare Safety Network's criteria and definitions, and International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium methodology. RESULTS We collected data from 236,700 ICU patients for 970,713 bed-days Pooled device-associated healthcare-associated infection rates for adult and pediatric ICUs were 5.1 central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs)/1,000 central line-days, 9.4 cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAPs)/1,000 mechanical ventilator-days, and 2.1 catheter-associated urinary tract infections/1,000 urinary catheter-days In neonatal ICUs (NICUs) pooled rates were 36.2 CLABSIs/1,000 central line-days and 1.9 VAPs/1,000 mechanical ventilator-days Extra length of stay in adult and pediatric ICUs was 9.5 for CLABSI, 9.1 for VAP, and 10.0 for catheter-associated urinary tract infec...

Research paper thumbnail of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report, data summary for 2003-2008, issued June 2009

American Journal of Infection Control, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Six-year study on peripheral venous catheter–associated BSI rates in 262 ICUs in eight countries of South-East Asia: International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium findings

The Journal of Vascular Access, 2020

Background: Short-term peripheral venous catheter–associated bloodstream infection rates have not... more Background: Short-term peripheral venous catheter–associated bloodstream infection rates have not been systematically studied in Asian countries, and data on peripheral venous catheter–associated bloodstream infections incidence by number of short-term peripheral venous catheter days are not available. Methods: Prospective, surveillance study on peripheral venous catheter–associated bloodstream infections conducted from 1 September 2013 to 31 May 2019 in 262 intensive care units, members of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium, from 78 hospitals in 32 cities of 8 countries in the South-East Asia Region: China, India, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. For this research, we applied definition and criteria of the CDC NHSN, methodology of the INICC, and software named INICC Surveillance Online System. Results: We followed 83,295 intensive care unit patients for 369,371 bed-days and 376,492 peripheral venous catheter-days. We identified 9...

Research paper thumbnail of Impact Factor: 5.2 IJAR

Background: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) are both enterically transmitted,... more Background: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) are both enterically transmitted, resulting in acute viral hepatitis (AVH) in developing countries. They pose major health problems in our country. This study was done to determine prevalence of HAV and HEV in patients presenting with AVH and the co-infection of HAV and HEV in these patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1-year duration was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, MAX Hospital Deharadun. A non-random sampling of 315 patients presenting with AVH was considered in the study. On the basis of history, serum samples were analysed for IgM anti-HAV and IgM anti-HEV for the detection of HAV and HEV, respectively using commercially available ELISA kits. Results: The seroprevalence of HAV-and HEV-positive patients were 10.79% and 26.66%, respectively. The seroprevalence of both HAV and HEV in patients with acute viral hepatitis was 0.32%. The prevalence of HAV and HEV among males (13% and...

Research paper thumbnail of International Multicentre Study of Candida auris Infections

Journal of Fungi, 2021

Background:Candida auris has emerged globally as a multi-drug resistant yeast and is commonly ass... more Background:Candida auris has emerged globally as a multi-drug resistant yeast and is commonly associated with nosocomial outbreaks in ICUs. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational multicentre study to determine the epidemiology of C. auris infections, its management strategies, patient outcomes, and infection prevention and control practices across 10 centres from five countries. Results: Significant risk factors for C. auris infection include the age group of 61–70 years (39%), recent history of ICU admission (63%), diabetes (63%), renal failure (52%), presence of CVC (91%) and previous history of antibiotic treatment (96%). C. auris was commonly isolated from blood (76%). Echinocandins were the most sensitive drugs. Most common antifungals used for treatment were caspofungin (40%), anidulafungin (28%) and micafungin (15%). The median duration of treatment was 20 days. Source removal was conductedin 74% patients. All-cause crude mortality rate after 30 days was 37%. Ant...

Research paper thumbnail of Profiles of multidrug-resistant organisms among patients with bacteremia in intensive care units: an international ID-IRI survey

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2021

Evaluating trends in antibiotic resistance is a requisite. The study aimed to analyze the profile... more Evaluating trends in antibiotic resistance is a requisite. The study aimed to analyze the profile of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) among hospitalized patients with bacteremia in intensive care units (ICUs) in a large geographical area. This is a 1-month cross-sectional survey for blood-borne pathogens in 57 ICUs from 24 countries with different income levels: lower-middle-income (LMI), upper-middle-income (UMI), and high-income (HI) countries. Multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), or pan-drug-resistant isolates were searched. Logistic regression analysis determined resistance predictors among MDROs. Community-acquired infections were comparable to hospital-acquired infections particularly in LMI (94/202; 46.5% vs 108/202; 53.5%). Although MDR (65.1%; 502/771) and XDR (4.9%; 38/771) were common, no pan-drug-resistant isolate was recovered. In total, 32.1% of MDR were Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 55.3% of XDR were Acinetobacter baumannii. The highest MDR and XDR rates were in UMI and LMI, respectively, with no XDR revealed from HI. Predictors of MDR acquisition were male gender (OR, 12.11; 95% CI, 3.025-15.585) and the hospitalacquired origin of bacteremia (OR, 2.643; 95%CI, 1.462-3.894), and XDR acquisition was due to bacteremia in UMI (OR, 3.344; 95%CI, 1.189-5.626) and admission to medical-surgical ICUs (OR, 1.481; 95% CI, 1.076-2.037). We confirm the urgent need to expand stewardship activities to community settings especially in LMI, with more paid attention to the drugs with a higher potential for resistance. Empowering microbiology laboratories and reports to direct prescribing decisions should be prioritized. Supporting stewardship in ICUs, the mixed medical-surgical ones in particular, is warranted.

Research paper thumbnail of Six-year multicenter study on short-term peripheral venous catheters-related bloodstream infection rates in 204 intensive care units of 57 hospitals in 19 cities of India: International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) findings

American Journal of Infection Control, 2020

(V.D. Rosenthal). For a list of all the members of the International Nosocomial Infection Control... more (V.D. Rosenthal). For a list of all the members of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) and all the co-authors of this study, see the Appendix. Conflicts of interest: All authors report no conflicts of interest related to this article. Institutional Review Boards agreed to the study protocol, and patient confidentiality was protected by codifying the recorded information, making it only identifiable to the infection control team.

Research paper thumbnail of Device-Associated Infection Rates in 20 Cities of India, Data Summary for 2004-2013: Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium

Infection control and hospital epidemiology, Jan 26, 2015

OBJECTIVE To report the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium surveillance data f... more OBJECTIVE To report the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium surveillance data from 40 hospitals (20 cities) in India 2004-2013. METHODS Surveillance using US National Healthcare Safety Network's criteria and definitions, and International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium methodology. RESULTS We collected data from 236,700 ICU patients for 970,713 bed-days Pooled device-associated healthcare-associated infection rates for adult and pediatric ICUs were 5.1 central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs)/1,000 central line-days, 9.4 cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAPs)/1,000 mechanical ventilator-days, and 2.1 catheter-associated urinary tract infections/1,000 urinary catheter-days In neonatal ICUs (NICUs) pooled rates were 36.2 CLABSIs/1,000 central line-days and 1.9 VAPs/1,000 mechanical ventilator-days Extra length of stay in adult and pediatric ICUs was 9.5 for CLABSI, 9.1 for VAP, and 10.0 for catheter-associated urinary tract infec...

Research paper thumbnail of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report, data summary for 2003-2008, issued June 2009

American Journal of Infection Control, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Six-year study on peripheral venous catheter–associated BSI rates in 262 ICUs in eight countries of South-East Asia: International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium findings

The Journal of Vascular Access, 2020

Background: Short-term peripheral venous catheter–associated bloodstream infection rates have not... more Background: Short-term peripheral venous catheter–associated bloodstream infection rates have not been systematically studied in Asian countries, and data on peripheral venous catheter–associated bloodstream infections incidence by number of short-term peripheral venous catheter days are not available. Methods: Prospective, surveillance study on peripheral venous catheter–associated bloodstream infections conducted from 1 September 2013 to 31 May 2019 in 262 intensive care units, members of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium, from 78 hospitals in 32 cities of 8 countries in the South-East Asia Region: China, India, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. For this research, we applied definition and criteria of the CDC NHSN, methodology of the INICC, and software named INICC Surveillance Online System. Results: We followed 83,295 intensive care unit patients for 369,371 bed-days and 376,492 peripheral venous catheter-days. We identified 9...