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Papers by Ojieh Anthony

UK Journal of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, 2016

This study was aimed at investigating to check the effects of long term consumption of varying co... more This study was aimed at investigating to check the effects of long term consumption of varying concentrations of alcohol on gastric acid secretions and the histomorphometry of the stomach of adult male Wistar rats, and the possible ameliorative effect of omega-3 fish oil. Eighty (80) adult male Wistar rats weighing 180-230 gm were used. The rats were divided into eight groups containing ten (10) rats each group. Group I served as the control; Groups II, III and IV were given 5%, 20% and 40% alcohol respectively; Groups V, VI and VII were given 5% alcohol+Omega-3 fish oil; 20% alcohol+Omega-3 fish oil and 40% alcohol+Omega-3 fish oil, respectively. The Group VIII was administered Omega-3 fish oil alone. The alcohol was given at a dose of 0.005 ml/g body weight once daily using an orogastric canular. The Omega-3 fish oil was given at a dose of 0.2 ml/g body weight. Alcohol administration lasted for twelve weeks, at the end of which the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Gas...

Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 2021

Oxidative stress (OS)-related pathologic conditions in the tissues of living organism have been l... more Oxidative stress (OS)-related pathologic conditions in the tissues of living organism have been linked to exposure to stressful events within the environment. This study examined the impact of different kinds of stress exposure on glutathione (GSH)-related antioxidants. The effect of stress was examined using comparative levels of GSH, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in female Wistar rats. One hundred and sixty-eight adult female Wistar rats with body weights ranging between 150 and 200 g, were used for the study. The animals were distributed into 28 groups of six animals each. The experimental animals were routinely exposed to three different stressors; restraint chamber test, mirror chamber test and intruder chamber test for a duration of 1, 3 or 5 h per day for 1, 2 and 3 weeks, respectively. All animals were allowed free access to food (rat chaws), with water ad libitum. Animals were euthanise through cervical dislocation after the experimental p...

Type 2 diabetes is a global public health crisis that threatens the economies of all nations, par... more Type 2 diabetes is a global public health crisis that threatens the economies of all nations, particularly developing countries. It is generally characterized by hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia culminating in severe morbidities. Epidemiologic studies and randomized clinical trials show that type 2 diabetes is largely preventable through diet and lifestyle modifications without major recourse to pharmacological measures. This study aimed to assess the antidiabetic and antilipidaemic activities of Allium cepa (onions) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight (8) groups of five rats each (n=5). Groups 1a and 2a served as the control groups. Diabetes was induced in the rats by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60mg/kg). The normoglycaemic groups (1b, 1c and 1d) and the streptozotocin-induced diabetic groups (2b, 2c and 2d) were treated with graded doses of A. cepa extract (ACE) (0.4g/100gbw, and 0.6g/10...

Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications, 2020

This study examined the anti-oxidative effects of Riboceine and vitamin C supplementation in the ... more This study examined the anti-oxidative effects of Riboceine and vitamin C supplementation in the amelioration of tissue damage that results from oxidative stressors in diabetic rats. Twenty-five (25) mature Wistar rats (150-180kg) were used for the study. They were randomly assigned into five (5) groups of five rats each: Normal Control (NC), Diabetic Mellitus(DM) (induced by Alloxan at 120mg/kg body weight i.p), Diabetic rats treated with 30mg/kg body weight of RiboCeine (DM+RibCys), Diabetic rats treated with 125 mg/kg body weight of Vitamin C (DM+VitC) and Diabetic rats treated with 30 mg/kg body weight of RiboCeine + 125mg/kg body weight of Vitamin C (DM+RibCys +VitC). Following period of 20-day treatment, all the rats were sacrificed and samples of pancreas, kidney and liver tissues were collected and assayed for changes in oxidative stress biomarkers: Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione s-transferase (GST) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The tissues were also examined for Histo-architectural changes. Data were analysed using One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Fisher's Least Significant Difference (LSD). A p-value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RibCys and DM+RibCys+VitC treated rats, showed statistically significant decrease in hyperglycaemia. However, RibCys dosed rats, showed no statistically significant effect. The DM rats showed statistically significant increased MDA and decreased CAT, SOD, GPx, GST levels in the tissues. The RibCys, VitC and DM+VitC+RibCys treated rats, showed statistically significant amelioration in increased MDA and decreased CAT, SOD, GPx, GST levels. Present results concluded that RibCys has ameliorative effects on diabetes induced-oxidative stress. Also, RibCys, VitC and VitC+RibCys have equally antioxidative effects on tissues characterized by biomarkers of oxidative stress.

Advances in Applied Physiology, 2019

Overtime, Diastolic dysfunction (DD), which is seen in damping blood, and pressure build up withi... more Overtime, Diastolic dysfunction (DD), which is seen in damping blood, and pressure build up within the ventricles has been associated with different disease states including chronic hypertension, coronary heart disease, aging, aortic stenosis, hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathies. Diagnosis is by echocardiography (ECG) and often cumbersome. Howbeit, in acute stages of hypertension, prolongation of ventricular activation time in an ECG session has been described as potential marker for diagnosing DD. Current study was therefore undertaken to investigate ventricular activation time in essentially hypertensive Nigerians. One hundred and sixty two (162) hypertensives were recruited for the study. Their compliance to antihypertensive medication, blood pressure control, and electrocardiographic changes were determined and measured. Venous blood sample was then drawn and placed in special tubes to determine the serum magnesium concentrations, using a standard Colorimetric assay machine, Using the statistical measure of association (correlation), correlation between serum magnesium and ECG parameters was calculated using the Pearson's correlation coefficient. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also explored in obtaining differences in mean between variables. From our observations, only a weak correlation was found between serum magnesium levels and ECG findings across the study population. This proved statistically insignificant at p < 0.05. Other factors such as antihypertensive medications, duration of blood pressure and the control of blood pressure did not show any significant relationship.

UK Journal of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, 2016

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism whose prevalence is rising glo... more Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism whose prevalence is rising globally. The hypoglycemic property of raw Allium cepa has been established by several authors, and this study, was carried out to investigate the effect of heat on the hypoglycemic property of Allium cepa. This is against the backdrop that Allium cepa is mostly consumed boiled in Africa and several parts of the World. 40 Wistar rats were used for the study and diabetes was induced in 35 of them using single intraperitoneal dose of 40mgkg-1 of alloxan monohydrate. There were eight groups (n= 5). Group one and two served as the control groups, group three is insulin and group four is metformin. Group five to eight were treatment groups. Result showed the following reduction at 400 mgkg-1 (raw- 57.2%; boiled-41.3%). At 600 mgkg-1, (raw-30.9%; boiled-20.9%). It is therefore concluded based on these findings that boiling Allium cepa reduced its hypoglycemic potential and hence its effectivenes...

British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2016

Under the condition of no catalysis and vacuum, PEG(400) succinic acid ester were synthesised by ... more Under the condition of no catalysis and vacuum, PEG(400) succinic acid ester were synthesised by using PEG(400) and succinic acid as raw material, and toluene as agent. The factors such as raction temperature, raction time, raction negative pressure and acid glycol molar ratio on the esterification rate of raction were investigated, and the structure of product was analyzed by using FT-IR. The results show that the esterification rate of raction reached 98.81% at the best condition of raction temperature was 160 ℃, raction time was 4 h, raction negative pressure was 15 KPa, acid glycol molar ratio was 3:2. When the additional mass of PEG(400) succinic acid ester was 3%, the speaking voltage of working electrolyte can improve 35 V.

Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 2020

Stress as it relatesto infertility has become a global issue attracting public health concern. Th... more Stress as it relatesto infertility has become a global issue attracting public health concern. The present study examined the morphological changes in ovarian histology in response to oxidative stress-induced in female rats following exposure to different stressors. 92 rats of 12-14weeks old weighing between 120-160g were used for the study. Three (3) different stress models were utilized for stress induction at the rate of 1, 3, and 5hours per day for 1, 2, and 3weeks respectively. At the end of stress induction durations, bodyweights were obtained and the rats were euthanized via cervical dislocation while the ovary weights were carefully isolated and their weights recorded. The harvested ovary was sectioned, mounted on slides, stained, and observed under the microscope for histopathological investigations. Findings from this study established that exposure to restraint mirror or intruder stressor significantly (p<0.05) altered the body and/or ovary weights of the rats irrespec...

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2013

The genus Manniophytum Fulvum belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae, which is geographically dis... more The genus Manniophytum Fulvum belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae, which is geographically distributed widely in tropical Africa. It has been investigated for a number of properties, such as analgesia, anti-inflammation and as remedy for cough, dysentery, haemorrhoids and haemoptysis. Aims: This study investigates the phytochemical composition and antidiarrheal properties of the plant. Methodology: Aqueous and ethanol leaves extracts of Manniophyton fulvum was prepared and used for the experiment. During the entire period of study the animals were supplied with standard pellet diet and water ad libitum. The animal experimentation was carried out accordance to the guidelines of Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC). Results: Phytochemical studies carried out on aqueous and ethanol extract of Manniophyton fulvum leaves showed the presence of alkaloid, saponin, phenol, tannin, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside, steroid, phytosterol, triterpenoid and phlobatannin. The aqueous and ethanol leaves extracts of Manniophyton fulvum showed significant (p<0.05) antidiarrheal activity on gastrointestinal motility with barium sulfate milk and castor oilinduced diarrheal model in rats. Conclusion: These result obtained in this study, suggest that the leaves extract possess pharmacological activity against diarrhea and may find a place in the management of illness that present with diarrheal.

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2021

European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2016

The present study examines the effect of some bioactive constituents of Vernonia amygdalina crude... more The present study examines the effect of some bioactive constituents of Vernonia amygdalina crude extract and fractions on enzymes involved in glucose metabolism and treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Fresh Vernonia amygdalina leaves were extracted using ethanol. Four fractions from this extract were obtained by liquid-liquid fractionation technique using solvents of varying polarity and the bioactive compounds were identified by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) analysis. Resultant fractions were administered at 300 mg/kgBW to streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) induced diabetic wistar rats. The results shows that various fractions produced a fall in the fasting blood glucose level in diabetic rats; Chloroform (65.85%), ethyl acetate (69.65%) Benzene Original Research Article

Ojieh Anthony Emeka , 2020

The global incidence of diabetes mellitus continues to present enormous social, economic and heal... more The global incidence of diabetes mellitus continues to present enormous social, economic and health burden. This study was carried out to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic property of ethanolic leaf extract of Nephrolepis undulata on alloxan induced diabetes in Wistar rats. Fifty nine adult Wistar rats weighing between 120-150g were used. Twenty four rats were used for toxicity of the plant, which was showed to have an (LD 50)above 3200mg/kg. And thirty five rats were allotted randomly into 7 groups with 5 rats each(n=5). Groups 1 and 2 severed as the untreated non-diabetic and untreated diabetic controls respectively. Diabetes was induced using40mg/kg single dose injection of alloxan monohydrate and the treatment groups are metformin, insulin and Nephrolepis undulata. Weekly Body weight and fasting blood glucose level was checked and increase in body weight was observed in groups treated with metformin, insulin and varying doses of Nephrolepis undulata. At the end of the treatment period, laboratory analyses was done and data generated was subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA and p values < 0.05 was considered significant. Result showed a decrease in serum fasting blood glucose levels, a decrease in TG, LDL and cholesterol levels, with an increase in HDL level across the treatment groups. The result trend observed in this study confirms Nephrolepis undulataas a plant with anti-diabetic potentials.

OJIEH ANTHONY EMEKA , 2021

Oxygen is a key factor involved in sustenance of cellular energy production in every living syste... more Oxygen is a key factor involved in sustenance of cellular energy production in every living system. This is achieved through the process of oxidative phosphorylation through electron transports in the mitochondria of cells. Oxidative stress (OS) results in an imbalance between the systemic production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), also known as free radicals and antioxidant defence system, thereby, causing the damage of biomolecules and this leads to modification of proteins, lipids and amino acids as well as breakage of DNA strands. [1] OS has been implicated in inflammatory and metabolic disease and cell membrane and organ damage. [2] Such cell ABSTRACT Objectives: Oxidative stress (OS)-related pathologic conditions in the tissues of living organism have been linked to exposure to stressful events within the environment. This study examined the impact of different kinds of stress exposure on glutathione (GSH)-related antioxidants. The effect of stress was examined using comparative levels of GSH, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in female Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty-eight adult female Wistar rats with body weights ranging between 150 and 200 g, were used for the study. The animals were distributed into 28 groups of six animals each. The experimental animals were routinely exposed to three different stressors; restraint chamber test, mirror chamber test and intruder chamber test for a duration of 1, 3 or 5 h per day for 1, 2 and 3 weeks, respectively. All animals were allowed free access to food (rat chaws), with water ad libitum. Animals were euthanise through cervical dislocation after the experimental period and the different target tissues were carefully harvested and homogenised for antioxidant estimation following standard procedure. Data obtained were statistically analysed and values expressed as mean ± standard error of mean and P < 0.05 level was considered as statistically significant. Results: Findings from this study elucidated the fact that exposure to stress is capable of causing marked OS and reducing GSH-based antioxidant activities in Wistar rats. A decline in the GSH level and GPx activity as observed in the study is an indication of alterations of kidney and brain tissue cellular integrity by free radicals generated during exposure to the stressors, while the observed significant increase in GST activity level in the affected tissues indicates compromised rapid exhaustion of the cellular system. Conclusion: Hence, we conclude that stress of different nature, intensity and duration can alter the levels of GSHrelated antioxidants, especially in the kidney, ovary and brain tissues of stressed Wistar rats. The GSH levels in liver tissues were observed not to have changed significantly despite the oxidative damage caused by the stressors.

OJIEH ANTHONY EMEKA , 2021

This study was designed to physiologically investigate the fate of stress related infertility con... more This study was designed to physiologically investigate the fate of stress related infertility conditions to focus on the regulatory response of reproductive potentials in stress-induced female Wistar rats supplemented with clomifene citrate. 42 apparently healthy female Wistar rats weighing about 120-160 g were used in the study. The animals were randomly distributed into 3 groups after acclimatization for 2 weeks. Group 1 served as the control pregnant rats not induced by restraint, mirrored and intruder stressors, group 2 consisted of rats treated with 0.013 mg/g of clomifene citrate drug and exposed to three different stressors while group 3 represented pregnant rats exposed to different stressors but not treated with clomifene citrate. At the end of 3weeks, the rats were euthanized via cervical dislocation. The uterus and ovary organs were carefully isolated, weighed and examined for histological changes. The reproductive capacities studied were gestation period, mean pup weight, litter size and survival rate respectively. Data collected is expressed in Mean±SEM and one way ANOVA statistics was used for comparison of means while Fisher's LSD was employed for post hoc test and the level of significance is determined at p-value < 0.05. Results from our study revealed that restraint and intruder stressors following supplementation with clomifene citrate produced similar stress response in the gestation length, pub-weights, litter size and percentage of survival. Stress of different nature altered the histoarchitecture of the ovary and the uteri of rats exposed to restraint or intruder stressor. Meanwhile, Clomifene citrate administration produced effect on ovulation and pregnancy outcome of stressed pregnant rats and the survival ratio of the offspring.

OJIEH ANTHONY EMEKA , 2021

Introduction: Investigations relating to the effect of stress on reproductive outcome, offspring ... more Introduction: Investigations relating to the effect of stress on reproductive outcome, offspring survival rate and chances of still births are currently attracting global concern. The present study evaluated the effect of maternal gestation induced-stress in the altered reproductive outcome of adult female Wistar rats, offspring sex-ratio and survival following exposure to different stress models. Methods: The study protocol involved two parts. Seventy-eight adult healthy female Wistar rats aged between 12-14 weeks and weighing between 150-180g were procured and utilized for part 1 study. The rats were exposed to three stressors; restraint, mirror and intruder, respectively, for three hours per day for three weeks. For part 2 experiment twenty-four female offspring rats from the part 1 study were used. Results: Exposure of rats to the varying stressors increased gestate on length, decreased mean pup weights and litter size at birth especially when the rats were stressed by exposure to restraint or intruder stressor. The effect of stress on gestation period, pup weights and litter size were largely variable and dependent on the nature of stressor applied. There was significant (p<0.05) reduction in the survival rates of offspring of rats exposed to the different nature of stressors especially when stressed with restraint or intruder stressors. The stressors' impact was greatest when the rats were exposed to the varying stressors up to the end of the 2 nd trimester and beyond. Furthermore, the male sex ratio of offspring of stressed rats was significantly (p<0.05) reduced than the females. Conclusion: Stressful maternal condition tends to compromise the fetal outcome, sex ratio specificity and the survival rate of offspring.

Despite orthodox modalities, there is still a high demand for herbal preparations with anti-diabe... more Despite orthodox modalities, there is still a high demand for herbal preparations with anti-diabetic properties all over the world. The effects of many plants on glucose metabolism and hypoglycemia properties have been investigated. Aim: The histomorphological, hypoglycaemic and hepatoprotective effects of Persea Americana Seed Methanolic Extract in Alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats were investigated in this study. Methodology: Persea Americana seeds were collected, washed, air-dried, and ground into a fine powder and cold macerated in 0.5 L of water containing 80 percent v/v methanol for 72 hours at room temperature (26-28 0 C) and filtered with Whatman filter paper No.1. The filtrate was condensed to dryness in vapour at 40 0 C using water bath, yielding 9g (18% w/w) of a dark green semi-solid extract and stored in the refrigerator at 4 0 C until use. Thirty adult male Wistar rats, weighing 150-200g, were divided into six (6) groups, each with five rats (n=5). Diabetes was induced in rats using a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg). Group 1 and 2 are the normal and diabetic control groups, respectively. In the diabetic group, groups 3, 4, and 5 were given 120, 240, and 480 mg/kg/day of Persea Americana Seeds extract, respectively, while Group 6 received 100 mg/kg/day of metformin for 14 days. The animals analysis. The liver tissues were also harvested for histomorphorlogical and biochemical evaluations. The SPSS package, version 23 was used to analyze data obtained and the results were expressed as Mean ± SEM. The results showed that in groups receiving metformin and seed extracts, elevated blood glucose levels were significantly lower than in control groups (P<0.05), with the 240 mg/kg dose having the most hypoglycaemic potential. Persea Americana seed extract inhibited alphaamylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes and high antioxidant potential. The liver tissues of infected animals were also found to be recovering from the toxic effects of alloxan induction. The hypoglycaemic function of Persea Americana methanolic extract is mediated by enzyme inhibition and major antioxidant potentials, according to the report, which could enhance its anti-diabetic properties.

OJIEH ANTHONY EMEKA , 2021

Background: In spite of orthodox modalities, the market for herbal preparations with anti-diabeti... more Background: In spite of orthodox modalities, the market for herbal preparations with anti-diabetic properties remains strong worldwide. Several plants have been researched for their effect on the metabolism of glucose and the properties of hypoglycemia. The present research explores the Ameliorative Potentials in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Nephrolepis unduranta. Materials and Methods: Fresh Nephrolepis undulate leaves were air-dried, crushed and soaked in methanol for 48 hours, after which the methanolic extract was sewn and dried. The resulting extract, using chloroform, n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents respectively, was subjected to liquidliquid fractionation. Sixty adult Wistar male rats weighing 140-200 g were randomly chosen into six (6) groups of five rats (n=5) each. In rats, diabetes was induced by a single streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection. Groups 1 and 2 serve as the respective regular and diabetic control groups. Group 3 was treated with metformin at 50 mg/kg/day in the diabetic group. Groups 4, 5 and 6 were treated with 250 mg/kg/day of distinct fractions of Nephrolepis unduranta extract. The animals were sacrificed, blood samples obtained, and centrifuged at the end of the 21-day treatment period to extract serum for biochemical analysis. For biochemical analysis, the tissues of the kidney, liver, small intestine, brain and pancreas were also excised. The SPSS package was used to analyze the generated data and the results were expressed as mean ± SEM. Result: Results obtained showed that elevated blood glucose levels were substantially decreased relative to control groups in groups receiving metformin and plant fractions (P<0.05), with the ethyl acetate fraction exhibiting the most hypoglycemic potential of the fractions. Inhibition of alphaamylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes by plant fractions has also occurred. diabetic activity in the animal model and could be considered for human study.

UK Journal of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, 2016

Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 2021

Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications, 2020

Advances in Applied Physiology, 2019

UK Journal of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, 2016

British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2016

Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 2020

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2013

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2021

European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2016

Ojieh Anthony Emeka , 2020

OJIEH ANTHONY EMEKA , 2021