Pandurang Adsule - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Pandurang Adsule
Acta horticulturae, May 1, 2008
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 2015
ABSTRACT Quality of raisins is affected by various factors like variety, pre-treatment of grape b... more ABSTRACT Quality of raisins is affected by various factors like variety, pre-treatment of grape bunches, drying conditions etc. Considering the importance of raisin colour as an important quality attribute, the present study was conducted. Grape bunches were treated with different doses of ascorbic acid and sodium metabisulfite after harvesting. Applications of ascorbic acid concentrations to grapes before pretreatment of bunch by alkaloid solution on the second day of drying reduced colour intensity. Moisture content in raisins was also reduced up to 12.35 % in T3. It was an indicator of faster drying. The concentration of 300 ppm was found effective in producing quality raisins. Less colour intensity was observed when ascorbic acid was applied on bunches placed for drying than application before dipping in alkali solution in each treatment. Minimum colour intensity (6.356) was noted in T2 followed by T3 when ascorbic acid was applied on bunches placed for drying while maximum (7.344) was noted in control. The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities was decreased by increasing the drying duration. Lower PPO content was noted in treated grapes than control. While, no significant differences were observed for browning and colour intensity in raisins with different doses of ascorbic acid and sodium metabisulfite. However, applications of ascorbic acid and sodium metabisulfite influenced the other parameters. The present study reveals that the application of ascorbic acid is suitable for retaining good colour of raisins with faster drying and 300 ppm ascorbic acid spray on second day of drying can be adopted.
![Research paper thumbnail of A preliminary report on bioavailability of Ayurvedic Gold Bhasma with four different accompanying media [anupana]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98180039/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2021
Background: Gold bhasma [Swarnabhasma] is a ancient Ayurvedic medicine used for rejuvenation and ... more Background: Gold bhasma [Swarnabhasma] is a ancient Ayurvedic medicine used for rejuvenation and longevity. This is a preliminary attempt to study the bioavailability of this medicine. Objectives: It was aimed to estimate comparative bioavailability of gold bhasma up to five hours after oral dose with four different anupana. Materials and methods: In this in vivo study, 30 healthy human participants were allocated randomly into five groups having six individuals each. Gold bhasma in 30 mg dose was administered orally with four different anupana viz honey [2.5 gm], black pepper-ghee combination [250 mg and 2.5 gm respectively], lactose [250 mg], glucose [250 mg], and plain to participants in each group. Blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 3 and 5 hours after dose. Gold levels in blood were assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [ICP-MS]. Results: Gold levels in all blood samples were in traces. Average Cmax was 0.002333 microgram of gold per liter and Tmax was at ...
International journal of food science & technology, 2006
The phenolic composition and antioxidant potential were determined in grape berries, berry stem, ... more The phenolic composition and antioxidant potential were determined in grape berries, berry stem, leaves, leaf petiole and shoots of commercially popular variety Kishmish Chornyi (Sharad Seedless) at various stages of maturation. The berries and berry stems at the initial stage of maturation showed high amounts of total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, flavan-3-ols and antioxidant activity in terms of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The effect of maturation was profound in grapes with a drastic reduction in various phenolic components and the FRAP value. The berries obtained at the last two harvests showed high anthocyanins and reducing sugars, but the least amount of all phenolic components and thus the antioxidant activity; however, berry stems, leaves, petioles and shoots, respectively, showed 7.6-, 2.9-, 2.3-and 1.5-fold higher FRAP values than berries. Thus, besides the berries, different grapevine parts could also become a potential source of phenolics for pharmaceuticals or functional foods.
Pest Management Science, Mar 1, 2008
BACKGROUND: This work was undertaken to determine the preharvest interval (PHI) of buprofezin to ... more BACKGROUND: This work was undertaken to determine the preharvest interval (PHI) of buprofezin to minimize its residues in grapes and thereby ensure consumer safety and avoid possible non-compliance in terms of residue violations in export markets. Furthermore, the residue dynamics in three grapevine soils of India was explored to assess its environmental safety. RESULTS: Residues dissipated following non-linear two-compartment first + first-order kinetics. In grapes, the PHI was 31 days at both treatments (312.5 and 625 g a.i. ha −1 ), with the residues below the maximum permissible intake even 1 h after foliar spraying. Random sampling of 5 kg comprising small bunchlets (8-10 berries) collected from a 1 ha area gave satisfactory homogeneity and representation of the population. A survey on the samples harvested after the PHI from supervised vineyards that received treatment at the recommended dose showed residues below the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.02 mg kg −1 applicable for the European Union. In soil, the degradation rate was fastest in clay soil, followed by sandy loam and silty clay, with a half-life within 16 days in all the soils.
Food Addit Contam Part a Ch, 2006
Journal of Aoac International, 2008
Single-laboratory validation results are reported for the multiresidue determination of 82 pestic... more Single-laboratory validation results are reported for the multiresidue determination of 82 pesticides at < or = 10 ng/g levels in pomegranate, apple, and orange. Samples were extracted with ethyl acetate, and the extracts were cleaned up by dispersive solid-phase extraction with primary secondary amine sorbent. The concentrations of the pesticides were estimated within 18 min of chromatographic run time by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with multiple-reaction monitoring. The method was reproducible (HorRat of < 0.5 at 10 ng/g) with measurement uncertainties of < 15% for all the compounds at 10 nglg in all 3 matrixes. The limits of quantitation ranged from 2.5 to 5.0 ng/g with recoveries of 70-120% for most pesticides. Matrix-induced signal suppressions were significantly higher in orange compared with those in pomegranate and apple. The method offers a less expensive and safer alternative to the existing multiresidue analysis methods for fruits and vegetables.
Food Additives and Contaminants, 2006
Abstract Rates of degradation of -cyhalothrin and methomyl residues in grape are reported. The di... more Abstract Rates of degradation of -cyhalothrin and methomyl residues in grape are reported. The dissipation behavior of both insecticides followed first-order rate kinetics with similar patterns at standard and double-dose applications. Residues of -cyhalothrin were lost with pre-...
Journal of Chromatography a, Mar 1, 2009
A multiresidue method is described for simultaneous estimation of 83 pesticides and 12 dioxin-lik... more A multiresidue method is described for simultaneous estimation of 83 pesticides and 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in red and white wines. The samples (20 mL wine, acidified with 20 mL 1% HCl) were extracted with 10 mL ethyl acetate (+20 g sodium sulphate) and cleaned by dispersive solidphase extraction (DSPE) with anhydrous calcium chloride and Florisil successively. The final extract (5 mL) was solvent exchanged to 1 mL of cyclohexane:ethyl acetate (9:1), further cleaned by DSPE with 25 mg primary secondary amine sorbent and analyzed by gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) within 31 min run time. The limits of quantification of most analytes were ≤10-20 g/L. Acidification of wine prior to extraction prevented hydrolysis of organophosphorous pesticides as well as dicofol, whereas treatment with CaCl 2 minimized the fatty acid co-extractives significantly. Solvent exchange to cyclohexane:ethyl acetate (9:1) further minimized the co-extractives. Recoveries at 5, 10 and 20 ng/mL were >80% for most analytes except cyprodinil, buprofezin and iprodione. The expanded uncertainties at 10 ng/mL were <20% for most analytes. Intra-laboratory precision in terms of Horwitz ratio of all the analytes was below 0.5, suggesting ruggedness of the method. Effectively, the method detection limit for most analytes was as low as up to 1 ng/mL in both red and white wine, except for cyfluthrin and cypermethrin.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Apr 1, 2009
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based method was optimized and valida... more A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based method was optimized and validated for the multiresidue analysis of 87 pesticides in mango at the ≤ 10 ng g(-1) level. The method involves extraction of 10 g of homogenized mango samples (+10 mL of water + 1 g of sodium acetate + 10 g of sodium sulfate) with 10 mL of ethyl acetate; cleanup by dispersive solid-phase extraction with a combination of primary secondary amine (PSA, 50 mg), graphitized carbon black (GCB, 25 mg), and anhydrous sodium sulfate (150 mg); and final estimation by LC-MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring. Direct analysis (no clean up) resulted in significant suppression in ionization of the majority of the test compounds over the electrospray ionization probe. However, clean up with the above combination of PSA + GCB reduced the matrix-induced signal suppressions significantly, and the signals in the cleaned extracts were nearly equivalent to the corresponding solvent standards. Substitution of PSA with florisil also gave equivalent clean up effects. The method was quite rugged as evident from a low Horwitz ratio (mostly &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.5) and low measurement uncertainties at 10 ng g(-1). The limit of quantification was &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;10 ng g(-1) for all of the pesticides with recoveries within 70-120% for most pesticides even at 2.5 ng g(-1). The method offers a significantly effective, sensitive, cheaper, and safer alternative to the existing methods of multiresidue analysis.
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.
of data Commercial table grape cultivation in India is restricted mainly to tropical belt compris... more of data Commercial table grape cultivation in India is restricted mainly to tropical belt comprising Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh states. About 94 per cent grape is cultivated in this belt. Other than these states, few pockets of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and Mizoram are also growing grapes. The current area and production under grapes in India is estimated at 111,000 ha with an annual production of 1,235,000 tonnes. While 74.5 per cent of grape produced is available for table purpose, nearly 22.5 per cent is dried for raisin production, 1.5 per cent for winemaking and 0.5 per cent is used for juice. Thompson Seedless is main variety used for raisin making followed by Tas-e-Ganesh and Sonaka. In India, raisins are mainly produced in Sangli, Solapur and Nashik districts of Maharashtra and Bijapur district of Karnataka. The key for production of quality raisins is the drying process and water content of the raisins. R...
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2015
The sorption and leaching behavior of kresoxim-methyl was explored in four different soils, viz.,... more The sorption and leaching behavior of kresoxim-methyl was explored in four different soils, viz., clay, sandy loam, loamy sand, and sandy loam (saline), representing vegetables and fruits growing regions of India. Adsorption of kresoxim-methyl in all the soils reached equilibrium within 48 h. The rate constants for adsorption and desorption at two different temperatures were obtained from the Lindstrom model, which simultaneously evaluated adsorption and desorption kinetics. The data for rate constants, activation energies, enthalpy of activation, entropy of activation, and free energy indicated physical adsorption of kresoxim-methyl on soil. The relative adsorptivity of the test soils could be attributed to different organic matter and clay contents of the soils. A good fit to the linear and Freundlich isotherms was observed for both adsorption as well as desorption. The groundwater ubiquity score (GUS) for different soils varied between 0 and 2.26. The GUS and leaching study indicated moderately low leaching potential of kresoxim-methyl. The adsorption on four soil types largely depended on the soil physicochemical properties such as organic carbon content, cation-exchange capacity, and texture of the soil.
Journal of AOAC International
This paper describes single-laboratory validation of a multiresidue method for the determination ... more This paper describes single-laboratory validation of a multiresidue method for the determination of 135 pesticides, 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, 12 polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and bisphenol A in grapes and wine by GC/time-of-flight MS in a total run time of 48 min. The method is based on extraction with ethyl acetate in a sample-to-solvent ratio of 1:1, followed by selective dispersive SPE cleanup for grapes and wine. The GC/MS conditions were optimized for the chromatographic separation and to achieve highest S/N for all 160 target analytes, including the temperature-sensitive compounds, like captan and captafol, that are prone to degradation during analysis. An average recovery of 80-120% with RSD < 10% could be attained for all analytes except 17, for which the average recoveries were 70-80%. LOQ ranged within 10-50 ng/g, with < 25% expanded uncertainties, for 155 compounds in grapes and 151 in wine. In the incurred grape and wine samples, the residues of buprof...
Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes, 2015
The rate of degradation of kresoxim methyl and its effect on soil extra-cellular (acid phosphatas... more The rate of degradation of kresoxim methyl and its effect on soil extra-cellular (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidase) and intra-cellular (dehydrogenase) enzymes were explored in four different soils of India. In all the tested soils, the degradation rate was faster at the beginning, which slowed down with time indicating a non-linear pattern of degradation. Rate of degradation in black soil was fastest followed by saline, brown and red soils, respectively and followed 1st or 1st + 1st order kinetics with half-life ranging between 1-6 days for natural soil and 1-19 days for sterile soils. The rate of degradation in natural against sterilized soils suggests that microbial degradation might be the major pathway of residue dissipation. Although small changes in enzyme activities were observed, kresoxim methyl did not have any significant deleterious effect on the enzymatic activity of the various test soils in long run. Simple correlation studies between degradatio...
Journal of AOAC International
A selective and rapid multiresidue analysis method is presented for simultaneous estimation of 12... more A selective and rapid multiresidue analysis method is presented for simultaneous estimation of 12 plant growth regulators (PGRs), namely, auxins (indol-3-acetic acid, indol-3-butyric acid, and naphthyl acetic acid), cytokinins (kinetin, zeatin, and 6-benzyladenine), gibberellic acid (GA3), abscisic acid, and synthetic compounds, namely, forchlorfenuron, paclobutrazole, isoprothiolane, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) in bud sprouts and grape berries at the development stages of 2-3 and 6-8 mm diameters, which are the critical phases when exogenous application of PGRs may be necessary to achieve desired grape quality and yield. The sample preparation method involved extraction of plant material with acidified methanol (50%) by homogenization for 2 min at 15000 rpm. The pH of the extract was enhanced up to 6 by adding ammonium acetate, followed by homogenization and centrifugation. The supernatant extract was cleaned by SPE on an Oasis HLB cartridge (200 mg, 6 cc). The fina...
Journal of AOAC International
A multiresidue analysis method was optimized and validated for simultaneous estimation of 21 synt... more A multiresidue analysis method was optimized and validated for simultaneous estimation of 21 synthetic pyrethroid pesticides and their isomers in grape matrix at 10 ng/g and higher levels. The method involves extraction of a 10 g sample with 10 mL ethyl acetate, cleanup by dispersive SPE with primary-secondary amine (25 mg) sorbent, and estimation by GC/MS/MS large volume injection (LVI) through a programmed temperature vaporizer (PTV) injector. The PTV-LVI parameters of the gas chromatograph and the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) parameters of the ion trap mass spectrometer were optimized for each compound to achieve the highest SIN. For each analyte, the unique and most abundant MRM transition was used for quantification, along with the next most abundant MRM transition for confirmatory identification. The abundance ratio of the confirmatory to quantifier MRMs was used to ensure unambiguous residue monitoring in unknown samples within a 20% tolerance range at the 10 ng/g level...
Acta horticulturae, May 1, 2008
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 2015
ABSTRACT Quality of raisins is affected by various factors like variety, pre-treatment of grape b... more ABSTRACT Quality of raisins is affected by various factors like variety, pre-treatment of grape bunches, drying conditions etc. Considering the importance of raisin colour as an important quality attribute, the present study was conducted. Grape bunches were treated with different doses of ascorbic acid and sodium metabisulfite after harvesting. Applications of ascorbic acid concentrations to grapes before pretreatment of bunch by alkaloid solution on the second day of drying reduced colour intensity. Moisture content in raisins was also reduced up to 12.35 % in T3. It was an indicator of faster drying. The concentration of 300 ppm was found effective in producing quality raisins. Less colour intensity was observed when ascorbic acid was applied on bunches placed for drying than application before dipping in alkali solution in each treatment. Minimum colour intensity (6.356) was noted in T2 followed by T3 when ascorbic acid was applied on bunches placed for drying while maximum (7.344) was noted in control. The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities was decreased by increasing the drying duration. Lower PPO content was noted in treated grapes than control. While, no significant differences were observed for browning and colour intensity in raisins with different doses of ascorbic acid and sodium metabisulfite. However, applications of ascorbic acid and sodium metabisulfite influenced the other parameters. The present study reveals that the application of ascorbic acid is suitable for retaining good colour of raisins with faster drying and 300 ppm ascorbic acid spray on second day of drying can be adopted.
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2021
Background: Gold bhasma [Swarnabhasma] is a ancient Ayurvedic medicine used for rejuvenation and ... more Background: Gold bhasma [Swarnabhasma] is a ancient Ayurvedic medicine used for rejuvenation and longevity. This is a preliminary attempt to study the bioavailability of this medicine. Objectives: It was aimed to estimate comparative bioavailability of gold bhasma up to five hours after oral dose with four different anupana. Materials and methods: In this in vivo study, 30 healthy human participants were allocated randomly into five groups having six individuals each. Gold bhasma in 30 mg dose was administered orally with four different anupana viz honey [2.5 gm], black pepper-ghee combination [250 mg and 2.5 gm respectively], lactose [250 mg], glucose [250 mg], and plain to participants in each group. Blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 3 and 5 hours after dose. Gold levels in blood were assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [ICP-MS]. Results: Gold levels in all blood samples were in traces. Average Cmax was 0.002333 microgram of gold per liter and Tmax was at ...
International journal of food science & technology, 2006
The phenolic composition and antioxidant potential were determined in grape berries, berry stem, ... more The phenolic composition and antioxidant potential were determined in grape berries, berry stem, leaves, leaf petiole and shoots of commercially popular variety Kishmish Chornyi (Sharad Seedless) at various stages of maturation. The berries and berry stems at the initial stage of maturation showed high amounts of total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, flavan-3-ols and antioxidant activity in terms of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The effect of maturation was profound in grapes with a drastic reduction in various phenolic components and the FRAP value. The berries obtained at the last two harvests showed high anthocyanins and reducing sugars, but the least amount of all phenolic components and thus the antioxidant activity; however, berry stems, leaves, petioles and shoots, respectively, showed 7.6-, 2.9-, 2.3-and 1.5-fold higher FRAP values than berries. Thus, besides the berries, different grapevine parts could also become a potential source of phenolics for pharmaceuticals or functional foods.
Pest Management Science, Mar 1, 2008
BACKGROUND: This work was undertaken to determine the preharvest interval (PHI) of buprofezin to ... more BACKGROUND: This work was undertaken to determine the preharvest interval (PHI) of buprofezin to minimize its residues in grapes and thereby ensure consumer safety and avoid possible non-compliance in terms of residue violations in export markets. Furthermore, the residue dynamics in three grapevine soils of India was explored to assess its environmental safety. RESULTS: Residues dissipated following non-linear two-compartment first + first-order kinetics. In grapes, the PHI was 31 days at both treatments (312.5 and 625 g a.i. ha −1 ), with the residues below the maximum permissible intake even 1 h after foliar spraying. Random sampling of 5 kg comprising small bunchlets (8-10 berries) collected from a 1 ha area gave satisfactory homogeneity and representation of the population. A survey on the samples harvested after the PHI from supervised vineyards that received treatment at the recommended dose showed residues below the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.02 mg kg −1 applicable for the European Union. In soil, the degradation rate was fastest in clay soil, followed by sandy loam and silty clay, with a half-life within 16 days in all the soils.
Food Addit Contam Part a Ch, 2006
Journal of Aoac International, 2008
Single-laboratory validation results are reported for the multiresidue determination of 82 pestic... more Single-laboratory validation results are reported for the multiresidue determination of 82 pesticides at &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; or = 10 ng/g levels in pomegranate, apple, and orange. Samples were extracted with ethyl acetate, and the extracts were cleaned up by dispersive solid-phase extraction with primary secondary amine sorbent. The concentrations of the pesticides were estimated within 18 min of chromatographic run time by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with multiple-reaction monitoring. The method was reproducible (HorRat of &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.5 at 10 ng/g) with measurement uncertainties of &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 15% for all the compounds at 10 nglg in all 3 matrixes. The limits of quantitation ranged from 2.5 to 5.0 ng/g with recoveries of 70-120% for most pesticides. Matrix-induced signal suppressions were significantly higher in orange compared with those in pomegranate and apple. The method offers a less expensive and safer alternative to the existing multiresidue analysis methods for fruits and vegetables.
Food Additives and Contaminants, 2006
Abstract Rates of degradation of -cyhalothrin and methomyl residues in grape are reported. The di... more Abstract Rates of degradation of -cyhalothrin and methomyl residues in grape are reported. The dissipation behavior of both insecticides followed first-order rate kinetics with similar patterns at standard and double-dose applications. Residues of -cyhalothrin were lost with pre-...
Journal of Chromatography a, Mar 1, 2009
A multiresidue method is described for simultaneous estimation of 83 pesticides and 12 dioxin-lik... more A multiresidue method is described for simultaneous estimation of 83 pesticides and 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in red and white wines. The samples (20 mL wine, acidified with 20 mL 1% HCl) were extracted with 10 mL ethyl acetate (+20 g sodium sulphate) and cleaned by dispersive solidphase extraction (DSPE) with anhydrous calcium chloride and Florisil successively. The final extract (5 mL) was solvent exchanged to 1 mL of cyclohexane:ethyl acetate (9:1), further cleaned by DSPE with 25 mg primary secondary amine sorbent and analyzed by gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) within 31 min run time. The limits of quantification of most analytes were ≤10-20 g/L. Acidification of wine prior to extraction prevented hydrolysis of organophosphorous pesticides as well as dicofol, whereas treatment with CaCl 2 minimized the fatty acid co-extractives significantly. Solvent exchange to cyclohexane:ethyl acetate (9:1) further minimized the co-extractives. Recoveries at 5, 10 and 20 ng/mL were >80% for most analytes except cyprodinil, buprofezin and iprodione. The expanded uncertainties at 10 ng/mL were <20% for most analytes. Intra-laboratory precision in terms of Horwitz ratio of all the analytes was below 0.5, suggesting ruggedness of the method. Effectively, the method detection limit for most analytes was as low as up to 1 ng/mL in both red and white wine, except for cyfluthrin and cypermethrin.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Apr 1, 2009
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based method was optimized and valida... more A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based method was optimized and validated for the multiresidue analysis of 87 pesticides in mango at the ≤ 10 ng g(-1) level. The method involves extraction of 10 g of homogenized mango samples (+10 mL of water + 1 g of sodium acetate + 10 g of sodium sulfate) with 10 mL of ethyl acetate; cleanup by dispersive solid-phase extraction with a combination of primary secondary amine (PSA, 50 mg), graphitized carbon black (GCB, 25 mg), and anhydrous sodium sulfate (150 mg); and final estimation by LC-MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring. Direct analysis (no clean up) resulted in significant suppression in ionization of the majority of the test compounds over the electrospray ionization probe. However, clean up with the above combination of PSA + GCB reduced the matrix-induced signal suppressions significantly, and the signals in the cleaned extracts were nearly equivalent to the corresponding solvent standards. Substitution of PSA with florisil also gave equivalent clean up effects. The method was quite rugged as evident from a low Horwitz ratio (mostly &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.5) and low measurement uncertainties at 10 ng g(-1). The limit of quantification was &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;10 ng g(-1) for all of the pesticides with recoveries within 70-120% for most pesticides even at 2.5 ng g(-1). The method offers a significantly effective, sensitive, cheaper, and safer alternative to the existing methods of multiresidue analysis.
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.
of data Commercial table grape cultivation in India is restricted mainly to tropical belt compris... more of data Commercial table grape cultivation in India is restricted mainly to tropical belt comprising Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh states. About 94 per cent grape is cultivated in this belt. Other than these states, few pockets of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and Mizoram are also growing grapes. The current area and production under grapes in India is estimated at 111,000 ha with an annual production of 1,235,000 tonnes. While 74.5 per cent of grape produced is available for table purpose, nearly 22.5 per cent is dried for raisin production, 1.5 per cent for winemaking and 0.5 per cent is used for juice. Thompson Seedless is main variety used for raisin making followed by Tas-e-Ganesh and Sonaka. In India, raisins are mainly produced in Sangli, Solapur and Nashik districts of Maharashtra and Bijapur district of Karnataka. The key for production of quality raisins is the drying process and water content of the raisins. R...
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2015
The sorption and leaching behavior of kresoxim-methyl was explored in four different soils, viz.,... more The sorption and leaching behavior of kresoxim-methyl was explored in four different soils, viz., clay, sandy loam, loamy sand, and sandy loam (saline), representing vegetables and fruits growing regions of India. Adsorption of kresoxim-methyl in all the soils reached equilibrium within 48 h. The rate constants for adsorption and desorption at two different temperatures were obtained from the Lindstrom model, which simultaneously evaluated adsorption and desorption kinetics. The data for rate constants, activation energies, enthalpy of activation, entropy of activation, and free energy indicated physical adsorption of kresoxim-methyl on soil. The relative adsorptivity of the test soils could be attributed to different organic matter and clay contents of the soils. A good fit to the linear and Freundlich isotherms was observed for both adsorption as well as desorption. The groundwater ubiquity score (GUS) for different soils varied between 0 and 2.26. The GUS and leaching study indicated moderately low leaching potential of kresoxim-methyl. The adsorption on four soil types largely depended on the soil physicochemical properties such as organic carbon content, cation-exchange capacity, and texture of the soil.
Journal of AOAC International
This paper describes single-laboratory validation of a multiresidue method for the determination ... more This paper describes single-laboratory validation of a multiresidue method for the determination of 135 pesticides, 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, 12 polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and bisphenol A in grapes and wine by GC/time-of-flight MS in a total run time of 48 min. The method is based on extraction with ethyl acetate in a sample-to-solvent ratio of 1:1, followed by selective dispersive SPE cleanup for grapes and wine. The GC/MS conditions were optimized for the chromatographic separation and to achieve highest S/N for all 160 target analytes, including the temperature-sensitive compounds, like captan and captafol, that are prone to degradation during analysis. An average recovery of 80-120% with RSD < 10% could be attained for all analytes except 17, for which the average recoveries were 70-80%. LOQ ranged within 10-50 ng/g, with < 25% expanded uncertainties, for 155 compounds in grapes and 151 in wine. In the incurred grape and wine samples, the residues of buprof...
Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes, 2015
The rate of degradation of kresoxim methyl and its effect on soil extra-cellular (acid phosphatas... more The rate of degradation of kresoxim methyl and its effect on soil extra-cellular (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidase) and intra-cellular (dehydrogenase) enzymes were explored in four different soils of India. In all the tested soils, the degradation rate was faster at the beginning, which slowed down with time indicating a non-linear pattern of degradation. Rate of degradation in black soil was fastest followed by saline, brown and red soils, respectively and followed 1st or 1st + 1st order kinetics with half-life ranging between 1-6 days for natural soil and 1-19 days for sterile soils. The rate of degradation in natural against sterilized soils suggests that microbial degradation might be the major pathway of residue dissipation. Although small changes in enzyme activities were observed, kresoxim methyl did not have any significant deleterious effect on the enzymatic activity of the various test soils in long run. Simple correlation studies between degradatio...
Journal of AOAC International
A selective and rapid multiresidue analysis method is presented for simultaneous estimation of 12... more A selective and rapid multiresidue analysis method is presented for simultaneous estimation of 12 plant growth regulators (PGRs), namely, auxins (indol-3-acetic acid, indol-3-butyric acid, and naphthyl acetic acid), cytokinins (kinetin, zeatin, and 6-benzyladenine), gibberellic acid (GA3), abscisic acid, and synthetic compounds, namely, forchlorfenuron, paclobutrazole, isoprothiolane, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) in bud sprouts and grape berries at the development stages of 2-3 and 6-8 mm diameters, which are the critical phases when exogenous application of PGRs may be necessary to achieve desired grape quality and yield. The sample preparation method involved extraction of plant material with acidified methanol (50%) by homogenization for 2 min at 15000 rpm. The pH of the extract was enhanced up to 6 by adding ammonium acetate, followed by homogenization and centrifugation. The supernatant extract was cleaned by SPE on an Oasis HLB cartridge (200 mg, 6 cc). The fina...
Journal of AOAC International
A multiresidue analysis method was optimized and validated for simultaneous estimation of 21 synt... more A multiresidue analysis method was optimized and validated for simultaneous estimation of 21 synthetic pyrethroid pesticides and their isomers in grape matrix at 10 ng/g and higher levels. The method involves extraction of a 10 g sample with 10 mL ethyl acetate, cleanup by dispersive SPE with primary-secondary amine (25 mg) sorbent, and estimation by GC/MS/MS large volume injection (LVI) through a programmed temperature vaporizer (PTV) injector. The PTV-LVI parameters of the gas chromatograph and the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) parameters of the ion trap mass spectrometer were optimized for each compound to achieve the highest SIN. For each analyte, the unique and most abundant MRM transition was used for quantification, along with the next most abundant MRM transition for confirmatory identification. The abundance ratio of the confirmatory to quantifier MRMs was used to ensure unambiguous residue monitoring in unknown samples within a 20% tolerance range at the 10 ng/g level...