Putai Jin - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Putai Jin
INTED2010 Proceedings, 2010
Using a cognitive load theory approach, this study was conducted to investigate theeffects of tra... more Using a cognitive load theory approach, this study was conducted to investigate theeffects of training using multiple accents on perceiving foreign-accented English for EFL learners with different levels of expertise. Specifically, it explored the benefits of using multiple talkers during training compared to a single talker for Chinese EFL learners on perceptual learning of Indian-accented English. There were four training conditions for listeners with either high- or low- expertise levels of English language proficiency: 1. A low variability multiple-talker training condition in which the stimuli sentences produced by four Indian- accented speakers were presented in a fixed order
Gifted and Talented International, 2013
Abstract The present study aims to examine the similarities and differences between Vietnamese in... more Abstract The present study aims to examine the similarities and differences between Vietnamese intellectually gifted adolescents and their age-peers not identified as gifted in the adoption of traditional Confucian values and related levels of moral reasoning. In this study, 354 high school students (180 intellectually gifted adolescents and 174 students not identified as gifted), with equal numbers of males and females in each group, participated in a survey containing (1) the Confucian Value Scale that measures harmony, conservativeness, social responsibility, and self-control, and (2) the Defining Issues Test that measures moral reasoning. Analyses of variance show that Vietnamese intellectually gifted adolescents expressed higher levels of social responsibility, self-control, and moral reasoning than their peers who were not identified as gifted. Although both groups endorsed harmony with ethical conduct, the intellectually gifted group appeared to be less conservative than the latter. Implications of the study have been provided to school teachers, parents, counsellors, principals and educational policy makers, and especially to the gifted students.
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1989
Changes in psychological and physiological functioning following participation in Tai Chi were as... more Changes in psychological and physiological functioning following participation in Tai Chi were assessed for 33 beginners and 33 practitioners. The variables in the three-way factorial design were experience (beginners vs practitioners), time (morning vs afternoon vs evening), and phase (before Tai Chi vs during Tai Chi vs after Tai Chi). Phase was a repeated measures variable. Relative to measures taken beforehand, practice of Tai Chi raised heart rate, increased noradrenaline excretion in urine, and decreased salivary cortisol concentration. Relative to baseline levels, subjects reported less tension, depression, anger, fatigue, confusion and state-anxiety, they felt more vigorous, and in general they had less total mood disturbance. The data suggest that Tai Chi results in gains that are comparable to those found with moderate exercise. There is need for research concerned with whether participation in Tai Chi has effects over and above those associated with physical exercise.
Contemporary Educational Psychology, 1998
Five experiments were conducted to examine the effects of cognitive load management using explana... more Five experiments were conducted to examine the effects of cognitive load management using explanatory notes in reading passages for readers with different levels of expertise. Experiment 1 found that explanatory notes improved 5th-grade, firstlanguage learners' comprehension (high-level processing) but not vocabulary learning (low-level processing). Experiment 2 found that vocabulary definitions integrated within a passage (integrated format) enhanced 5th graders' comprehension compared to a separate vocabulary list (separated format) but reduced vocabulary learning. Experiment 3, using adult readers, found that an integrated format reduced comprehension but enhanced vocabulary learning. Experiment 4 used low-ability 8th-grade learners of English as a second language (ESL) and found an effect similar to the 5th graders in Experiment 2. Experiment 5 showed that the effect for highability ESL learners was similar to the adults in Experiment 3. We argue that the efficiency of instruction depends on the extent to which it imposes an extraneous cognitive load. The same presentation format may facilitate performance or interfere with performance either through split-attention or redundancy effects, depending on learners' expertise.
Where there are large differences in a population it is often useful to compare subgroups in term... more Where there are large differences in a population it is often useful to compare subgroups in terms of factors which are known to influence the key variable under investigation. The key variable in this study was the decision to stay on or leave school at the senior secondary school level. In a longitudinal study of 494 students, Hemmings (1994) identified and demonstrated that 13 factors influence the decision to stay or leave. The standard scores on each of the measures of the 13 factors were compared for those who stayed and those who left. Complementary information was obtained through a series of case studies with a sub-sample (N=25). This procedure of comparing statistically the differences between subgroups , and then exploring these differences in terms of a case-study analysis, proved to be fruitful and meaningful. In using this procedure the combination of statistical and case-study analyses avoided the pitfalls of relying solely on one method. This approach is commended to other researchers.
Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 2000
Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, Sep 1, 1997
Evidence has indicated that in order to improve their career options and quality of life, student... more Evidence has indicated that in order to improve their career options and quality of life, students should be encouraged to participate in post-compulsory education. A theoretical model of post-compulsory schooling persistence and attrition was proposed and data obtained from questionnaires; and in-depth interviews were used to elaborate the findings derived from a path analysis. The validated model can be a
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, Oct 1, 2008
Objective: The present study attempts to examine the relationships between certain common psychos... more Objective: The present study attempts to examine the relationships between certain common psychosomatic symptoms and sources of stress in Hong Kong teachers. Methods: A total of 261 teachers (134 males and 127 females) from 13 high schools in different regions of Hong Kong responded to the Teacher Stress Inventory (TSI) with a return rate of 52.2%. Retired and in-service teachers were involved in the development of TSI, which included items related to sources of stress in the context of Hong Kong education system, psychosomatic symptoms in the form of stress arousal, and global stress. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis identified six distinct teacher stress sources: students, others, curriculum, nonteaching duties, teaching workload, and recognition. These stress sources were positively correlated with a global teacher stress measure, supporting their construct validity. Structural equation models showed that each stress source was positively related to teachers' psychosomatic symptoms, to which the path coefficient from teaching workload was the highest (β=.47, Pb.05). Conclusion: The heavy workload experienced by the Hong Kong teachers that is directly related to the daily teaching routine tends to be the most detrimental to their health conditions. Measures such as reducing teacher-student ratio by adopting smaller class sizes, increasing teacher numbers, and reframing teaching practice should be given due consideration in Hong Kong. There is a need for the inclusion of stress management programs for both trainees and in-service teachers.
A study examined factors in the hierarchical formation of self-concept in English as a second lan... more A study examined factors in the hierarchical formation of self-concept in English as a second language among bilingual college students. Subjects were 306 students in a Hong Kong institution of higher education, who were administered an academic self-description questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis of the data found distinct self-concepts linked to each of the four language skills (listening, speaking, reading, writing). It also found that a single global English self-concept can represent those self-concepts, suggesting that self-concept in a subject area is both hierarchical and multidimensional. Self-concepts of the receptive skills (listening, reading) were found to contribute more strongly to formation of the global English self-concept than were the productive language skills (speaking, writing). Implications for instruction and areas for further investigation are discussed. Contains 55 references. (MSE)
Journal of Educational Psychology, Aug 1, 2013
Using a cognitive load theory approach, we investigated the effects of speaker variability when i... more Using a cognitive load theory approach, we investigated the effects of speaker variability when individuals are learning to understand English as a foreign language (EFL) spoken by foreign-accented speakers. The use of multiple, Indian-accented speakers was compared to that of a single speaker for Chinese EFL learners with a higher or lower English language proficiency. Translation accuracy scores and cognitive load self-rating scales were used to measure differences between various acquisition conditions. After 3 consecutive days of acquisition, contrasting effects were found depending on levels of expertise. Analyses revealed that multiple-speaker acquisition conditions facilitated perceptual learning of foreign-accented English for higher expertise EFL learners, whereas single-speaker acquisition facilitated learning for lower expertise EFL learners. These results suggest that effective learning of foreign language in spoken form should take into account both the instructional format and learners’ expertise levels.
Contemporary Educational Psychology, 1998
Five experiments were conducted to examine the effects of cognitive load management using explana... more Five experiments were conducted to examine the effects of cognitive load management using explanatory notes in reading passages for readers with different levels of expertise. Experiment 1 found that explanatory notes improved 5th-grade, firstlanguage learners' comprehension (high-level processing) but not vocabulary learning (low-level processing). Experiment 2 found that vocabulary definitions integrated within a passage (integrated format) enhanced 5th graders' comprehension compared to a separate vocabulary list (separated format) but reduced vocabulary learning. Experiment 3, using adult readers, found that an integrated format reduced comprehension but enhanced vocabulary learning. Experiment 4 used low-ability 8th-grade learners of English as a second language (ESL) and found an effect similar to the 5th graders in Experiment 2. Experiment 5 showed that the effect for highability ESL learners was similar to the adults in Experiment 3. We argue that the efficiency of instruction depends on the extent to which it imposes an extraneous cognitive load. The same presentation format may facilitate performance or interfere with performance either through split-attention or redundancy effects, depending on learners' expertise.
Abstract: A study examined factors in the hierarchical formation of self-concept in English as a ... more Abstract: A study examined factors in the hierarchical formation of self-concept in English as a second language among bilingual college students. Subjects were 306 students in a Hong Kong institution of higher education, who were administered an academic self-description ...
Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 1998
Where there are large differences in a population it is often useful to compare sub-groups in ter... more Where there are large differences in a population it is often useful to compare sub-groups in terms of factors that are known to influence the key variable under investigation. The key variable in this study was the decision to stay on or leave school at the senior second-ary school ...
Gaming and Cognition
Taking advantage of the rapid evolution of educational technology, simulations and games have bee... more Taking advantage of the rapid evolution of educational technology, simulations and games have been embodied in a variety of teaching and learning procedures. To a large extent, their effectiveness, in common with the effectiveness of all instructional design relies on how material and activities are optimally organized. That organization should be determined by the nature of human cognitive architecture when dealing with complex, biologically secondary information. Cognitive load theory has been devised to deal with such knowledge. Therefore, embodied simulations and serious games should take evidence-based cognitive load principles into account in both design and implementation.
Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning, 2012
Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, 1997
Evidence has indicated that in order to improve their career options and quality of life, student... more Evidence has indicated that in order to improve their career options and quality of life, students should be encouraged to participate in post-compulsory education. A theoretical model of post-compulsory schooling persistence and attrition was proposed and data obtained from questionnaires; and in-depth interviews were used to elaborate the findings derived from a path analysis. The validated model can be a
American Behavioral Scientist, 2000
The study aims to determine whether the Big Five model of personality is applicable to the Malay ... more The study aims to determine whether the Big Five model of personality is applicable to the Malay culture. Two studies were conducted among Malaysian students in Australia (N = 174), and a further study (N = 451) conducted in Malaysia used the refined items from the Australian work. Scree and parallel tests indicated that only five factors should be extracted. Exploratory and Procrustes factor analyses indicated that the Big Five factors of Costa and McCrae exist in the Malay personality structure. The Openness to Actions and Values facets, however, were not replicated well. Overall results and congruence coefficients for 28 facets strongly supported the Big Five model as being cross-culturally applicable. Compared to Americans, Malay students appeared to have high scores in Agreeableness and low scores in Extraversion and Openness.
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1992
Gifted and Talented International, 2010
Abstract: The heritage of Confucianism has been immensely spread in East Asian countries, includi... more Abstract: The heritage of Confucianism has been immensely spread in East Asian countries, including Vietnam. This philosophy has been transferred from preceding generations and has influenced the Vietnamese way of life, especially the love for learning. Vietnamese ...
INTED2010 Proceedings, 2010
Using a cognitive load theory approach, this study was conducted to investigate theeffects of tra... more Using a cognitive load theory approach, this study was conducted to investigate theeffects of training using multiple accents on perceiving foreign-accented English for EFL learners with different levels of expertise. Specifically, it explored the benefits of using multiple talkers during training compared to a single talker for Chinese EFL learners on perceptual learning of Indian-accented English. There were four training conditions for listeners with either high- or low- expertise levels of English language proficiency: 1. A low variability multiple-talker training condition in which the stimuli sentences produced by four Indian- accented speakers were presented in a fixed order
Gifted and Talented International, 2013
Abstract The present study aims to examine the similarities and differences between Vietnamese in... more Abstract The present study aims to examine the similarities and differences between Vietnamese intellectually gifted adolescents and their age-peers not identified as gifted in the adoption of traditional Confucian values and related levels of moral reasoning. In this study, 354 high school students (180 intellectually gifted adolescents and 174 students not identified as gifted), with equal numbers of males and females in each group, participated in a survey containing (1) the Confucian Value Scale that measures harmony, conservativeness, social responsibility, and self-control, and (2) the Defining Issues Test that measures moral reasoning. Analyses of variance show that Vietnamese intellectually gifted adolescents expressed higher levels of social responsibility, self-control, and moral reasoning than their peers who were not identified as gifted. Although both groups endorsed harmony with ethical conduct, the intellectually gifted group appeared to be less conservative than the latter. Implications of the study have been provided to school teachers, parents, counsellors, principals and educational policy makers, and especially to the gifted students.
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1989
Changes in psychological and physiological functioning following participation in Tai Chi were as... more Changes in psychological and physiological functioning following participation in Tai Chi were assessed for 33 beginners and 33 practitioners. The variables in the three-way factorial design were experience (beginners vs practitioners), time (morning vs afternoon vs evening), and phase (before Tai Chi vs during Tai Chi vs after Tai Chi). Phase was a repeated measures variable. Relative to measures taken beforehand, practice of Tai Chi raised heart rate, increased noradrenaline excretion in urine, and decreased salivary cortisol concentration. Relative to baseline levels, subjects reported less tension, depression, anger, fatigue, confusion and state-anxiety, they felt more vigorous, and in general they had less total mood disturbance. The data suggest that Tai Chi results in gains that are comparable to those found with moderate exercise. There is need for research concerned with whether participation in Tai Chi has effects over and above those associated with physical exercise.
Contemporary Educational Psychology, 1998
Five experiments were conducted to examine the effects of cognitive load management using explana... more Five experiments were conducted to examine the effects of cognitive load management using explanatory notes in reading passages for readers with different levels of expertise. Experiment 1 found that explanatory notes improved 5th-grade, firstlanguage learners' comprehension (high-level processing) but not vocabulary learning (low-level processing). Experiment 2 found that vocabulary definitions integrated within a passage (integrated format) enhanced 5th graders' comprehension compared to a separate vocabulary list (separated format) but reduced vocabulary learning. Experiment 3, using adult readers, found that an integrated format reduced comprehension but enhanced vocabulary learning. Experiment 4 used low-ability 8th-grade learners of English as a second language (ESL) and found an effect similar to the 5th graders in Experiment 2. Experiment 5 showed that the effect for highability ESL learners was similar to the adults in Experiment 3. We argue that the efficiency of instruction depends on the extent to which it imposes an extraneous cognitive load. The same presentation format may facilitate performance or interfere with performance either through split-attention or redundancy effects, depending on learners' expertise.
Where there are large differences in a population it is often useful to compare subgroups in term... more Where there are large differences in a population it is often useful to compare subgroups in terms of factors which are known to influence the key variable under investigation. The key variable in this study was the decision to stay on or leave school at the senior secondary school level. In a longitudinal study of 494 students, Hemmings (1994) identified and demonstrated that 13 factors influence the decision to stay or leave. The standard scores on each of the measures of the 13 factors were compared for those who stayed and those who left. Complementary information was obtained through a series of case studies with a sub-sample (N=25). This procedure of comparing statistically the differences between subgroups , and then exploring these differences in terms of a case-study analysis, proved to be fruitful and meaningful. In using this procedure the combination of statistical and case-study analyses avoided the pitfalls of relying solely on one method. This approach is commended to other researchers.
Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 2000
Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, Sep 1, 1997
Evidence has indicated that in order to improve their career options and quality of life, student... more Evidence has indicated that in order to improve their career options and quality of life, students should be encouraged to participate in post-compulsory education. A theoretical model of post-compulsory schooling persistence and attrition was proposed and data obtained from questionnaires; and in-depth interviews were used to elaborate the findings derived from a path analysis. The validated model can be a
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, Oct 1, 2008
Objective: The present study attempts to examine the relationships between certain common psychos... more Objective: The present study attempts to examine the relationships between certain common psychosomatic symptoms and sources of stress in Hong Kong teachers. Methods: A total of 261 teachers (134 males and 127 females) from 13 high schools in different regions of Hong Kong responded to the Teacher Stress Inventory (TSI) with a return rate of 52.2%. Retired and in-service teachers were involved in the development of TSI, which included items related to sources of stress in the context of Hong Kong education system, psychosomatic symptoms in the form of stress arousal, and global stress. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis identified six distinct teacher stress sources: students, others, curriculum, nonteaching duties, teaching workload, and recognition. These stress sources were positively correlated with a global teacher stress measure, supporting their construct validity. Structural equation models showed that each stress source was positively related to teachers' psychosomatic symptoms, to which the path coefficient from teaching workload was the highest (β=.47, Pb.05). Conclusion: The heavy workload experienced by the Hong Kong teachers that is directly related to the daily teaching routine tends to be the most detrimental to their health conditions. Measures such as reducing teacher-student ratio by adopting smaller class sizes, increasing teacher numbers, and reframing teaching practice should be given due consideration in Hong Kong. There is a need for the inclusion of stress management programs for both trainees and in-service teachers.
A study examined factors in the hierarchical formation of self-concept in English as a second lan... more A study examined factors in the hierarchical formation of self-concept in English as a second language among bilingual college students. Subjects were 306 students in a Hong Kong institution of higher education, who were administered an academic self-description questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis of the data found distinct self-concepts linked to each of the four language skills (listening, speaking, reading, writing). It also found that a single global English self-concept can represent those self-concepts, suggesting that self-concept in a subject area is both hierarchical and multidimensional. Self-concepts of the receptive skills (listening, reading) were found to contribute more strongly to formation of the global English self-concept than were the productive language skills (speaking, writing). Implications for instruction and areas for further investigation are discussed. Contains 55 references. (MSE)
Journal of Educational Psychology, Aug 1, 2013
Using a cognitive load theory approach, we investigated the effects of speaker variability when i... more Using a cognitive load theory approach, we investigated the effects of speaker variability when individuals are learning to understand English as a foreign language (EFL) spoken by foreign-accented speakers. The use of multiple, Indian-accented speakers was compared to that of a single speaker for Chinese EFL learners with a higher or lower English language proficiency. Translation accuracy scores and cognitive load self-rating scales were used to measure differences between various acquisition conditions. After 3 consecutive days of acquisition, contrasting effects were found depending on levels of expertise. Analyses revealed that multiple-speaker acquisition conditions facilitated perceptual learning of foreign-accented English for higher expertise EFL learners, whereas single-speaker acquisition facilitated learning for lower expertise EFL learners. These results suggest that effective learning of foreign language in spoken form should take into account both the instructional format and learners’ expertise levels.
Contemporary Educational Psychology, 1998
Five experiments were conducted to examine the effects of cognitive load management using explana... more Five experiments were conducted to examine the effects of cognitive load management using explanatory notes in reading passages for readers with different levels of expertise. Experiment 1 found that explanatory notes improved 5th-grade, firstlanguage learners' comprehension (high-level processing) but not vocabulary learning (low-level processing). Experiment 2 found that vocabulary definitions integrated within a passage (integrated format) enhanced 5th graders' comprehension compared to a separate vocabulary list (separated format) but reduced vocabulary learning. Experiment 3, using adult readers, found that an integrated format reduced comprehension but enhanced vocabulary learning. Experiment 4 used low-ability 8th-grade learners of English as a second language (ESL) and found an effect similar to the 5th graders in Experiment 2. Experiment 5 showed that the effect for highability ESL learners was similar to the adults in Experiment 3. We argue that the efficiency of instruction depends on the extent to which it imposes an extraneous cognitive load. The same presentation format may facilitate performance or interfere with performance either through split-attention or redundancy effects, depending on learners' expertise.
Abstract: A study examined factors in the hierarchical formation of self-concept in English as a ... more Abstract: A study examined factors in the hierarchical formation of self-concept in English as a second language among bilingual college students. Subjects were 306 students in a Hong Kong institution of higher education, who were administered an academic self-description ...
Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 1998
Where there are large differences in a population it is often useful to compare sub-groups in ter... more Where there are large differences in a population it is often useful to compare sub-groups in terms of factors that are known to influence the key variable under investigation. The key variable in this study was the decision to stay on or leave school at the senior second-ary school ...
Gaming and Cognition
Taking advantage of the rapid evolution of educational technology, simulations and games have bee... more Taking advantage of the rapid evolution of educational technology, simulations and games have been embodied in a variety of teaching and learning procedures. To a large extent, their effectiveness, in common with the effectiveness of all instructional design relies on how material and activities are optimally organized. That organization should be determined by the nature of human cognitive architecture when dealing with complex, biologically secondary information. Cognitive load theory has been devised to deal with such knowledge. Therefore, embodied simulations and serious games should take evidence-based cognitive load principles into account in both design and implementation.
Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning, 2012
Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, 1997
Evidence has indicated that in order to improve their career options and quality of life, student... more Evidence has indicated that in order to improve their career options and quality of life, students should be encouraged to participate in post-compulsory education. A theoretical model of post-compulsory schooling persistence and attrition was proposed and data obtained from questionnaires; and in-depth interviews were used to elaborate the findings derived from a path analysis. The validated model can be a
American Behavioral Scientist, 2000
The study aims to determine whether the Big Five model of personality is applicable to the Malay ... more The study aims to determine whether the Big Five model of personality is applicable to the Malay culture. Two studies were conducted among Malaysian students in Australia (N = 174), and a further study (N = 451) conducted in Malaysia used the refined items from the Australian work. Scree and parallel tests indicated that only five factors should be extracted. Exploratory and Procrustes factor analyses indicated that the Big Five factors of Costa and McCrae exist in the Malay personality structure. The Openness to Actions and Values facets, however, were not replicated well. Overall results and congruence coefficients for 28 facets strongly supported the Big Five model as being cross-culturally applicable. Compared to Americans, Malay students appeared to have high scores in Agreeableness and low scores in Extraversion and Openness.
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1992
Gifted and Talented International, 2010
Abstract: The heritage of Confucianism has been immensely spread in East Asian countries, includi... more Abstract: The heritage of Confucianism has been immensely spread in East Asian countries, including Vietnam. This philosophy has been transferred from preceding generations and has influenced the Vietnamese way of life, especially the love for learning. Vietnamese ...