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Papers by Rebeca López-Serna

Research paper thumbnail of Licit and Illicit Drugs in Urban Wastewater in Cyprus

CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water, 2015

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Research paper thumbnail of Wastewater Reuse in the Mediterranean Area of Catalonia, Spain: Case Study of Reuse of Tertiary Effluent from a Wastewater Treatment Plant at el Prat de Llobregat (Barcelona)

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 2010

Abstract The countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea are under a constant threat of water scar... more Abstract The countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea are under a constant threat of water scarcity due to both natural and anthropogenic factor including highly uneven temporal and spatial distribution of precipitations, growing populations, increasing water demand particularly for agriculture, and the widespread contamination of water resources by a plethora of organic and inorganic contaminants. Unlike most northern European countries with their

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Research paper thumbnail of Wastewater Reuse in the Llobregat: The Experience at the Prat de Llobregat Treatment Plant

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 12. UHPLC-MS for Multi-residue Screening of Pharmaceuticals in Environmental Samples

RSC Chromatography Monographs, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of Fully automated determination of 74 pharmaceuticals in environmental and waste waters by online solid phase extraction–liquid chromatography-electrospray–tandem mass spectrometry

Talanta, 2010

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Research paper thumbnail of Occurrence and distribution of multi-class pharmaceuticals and their active metabolites and transformation products in the Ebro River basin (NE Spain)

Science of The Total Environment, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of Direct analysis of pharmaceuticals, their metabolites and transformation products in environmental waters using on-line TurboFlow™ chromatography–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Journal of Chromatography A, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of Assessing the effects of tertiary treated wastewater reuse on the presence emerging contaminants in a Mediterranean river (Llobregat, NE Spain)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of Occurrence of 95 pharmaceuticals and transformation products in urban groundwaters underlying the metropolis of Barcelona, Spain

Environmental Pollution, 2013

The present paper presents the occurrence of 72 pharmaceuticals and 23 transformation products (T... more The present paper presents the occurrence of 72 pharmaceuticals and 23 transformation products (TPs) in groundwaters (GWs) underlying the city of Barcelona, Spain. Thirty-one samples were collected under different districts, and at different depths. Aquifers with different geologic features and source of recharge were included, i.e., natural bank filtration, infiltration from wastewater and water supply pipes, rainfall recharge, etc. Antibiotics were the most frequently found compounds detected at levels reaching 1000 ng L(-1). Natural bank filtration from the river that receives large amounts of effluents from waste water treatment plants (WWTPs), turned out being the most influencing source of contamination, thus GW showed high range of compounds and concentrations as high as or even higher than in the river itself. In general, TPs were found at lower concentrations than the corresponding parent compounds, with some exceptions, such as 4OH propranolol and enalaprilat.

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Research paper thumbnail of Occurrence and distribution of pharmaceuticals in surface water, suspended solids and sediments of the Ebro river basin, Spain

Chemosphere, 2011

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Research paper thumbnail of Development of a fast instrumental method for the analysis of pharmaceuticals in environmental and wastewaters based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)

Chemosphere, 2011

This work describes the development, optimization and validation of an analytical method for the ... more This work describes the development, optimization and validation of an analytical method for the simultaneous detection and identification of 74 pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), from various therapeutic groups, in both environmental (ground and surface water) and wastewaters (WW). The method is based on the simultaneous extraction of all target compounds by solid phase extraction (SPE), using a hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced polymer followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Two selected reaction monitoring (SRM) transitions have been monitored per compound in order to fulfil the EC guidelines, as well as to ensure an accurate identification of target compounds in the samples. Quantification is performed by internal standard approach, applying 24 specific isotopically labeled compounds. The main advantages of the developed method, besides the selectivity and reliability of the results, is its high throughput. All compounds are extracted in a single step and the instrumental analysis lasts 5 min (NI mode)+8 min (PI mode), allowing fast throughput of samples. The limits of detection range from 0.01 to 50 ng L(-1), depending on the matrix, for most of the compounds. Finally, the method developed has been applied to the analysis of pharmaceuticals in the Ebro river basin (NE Spain).

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Research paper thumbnail of Occurrence of carbamazepine and five metabolites in an urban aquifer

Chemosphere, 2014

This paper deals with urban groundwater contaminated with carbamazepine (CBZ) and five of its hum... more This paper deals with urban groundwater contaminated with carbamazepine (CBZ) and five of its human metabolites in Barcelona. Groundwater samples were accordingly collected in the aquifers of Poble Sec and Besòs River Delta. Higher concentrations and more compounds were found in the Besòs River Delta aquifer, which is recharged by a river contaminated with treated effluent from numerous treatment plants. By contrast, the urban area of Poble Sec presented lower concentrations and fewer compounds. The results showed that CBZ could be attenuated in the Poble Sec aquifer since concentrations in groundwater were lower than those evaluated from mixing of the recharge sources. Conversely, CBZ and its human metabolites were not removed under the reducing conditions of the Besòs River Delta aquifer probably because of the short residence time in this aquifer.

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Research paper thumbnail of Multi-residue enantiomeric analysis of pharmaceuticals and their active metabolites in the Guadalquivir River basin (South Spain) by chiral liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2013

This paper describes the development and application of a multi-residue chiral liquid chromatogra... more This paper describes the development and application of a multi-residue chiral liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous enantiomeric profiling of 18 chiral pharmaceuticals and their active metabolites (belonging to several therapeutic classes including analgesics, psychiatric drugs, antibiotics, cardiovascular drugs and β-agonists) in surface water and wastewater. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time an enantiomeric method including such a high number of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites has been reported. Some of the pharmaceuticals have never been studied before in environmental matrices. Among them are timolol, betaxolol, carazolol and clenbuterol. A monitoring programme of the Guadalquivir River basin (South Spain), including 24 sampling sites and five wastewater treatment plants along the basin, revealed that enantiomeric composition of studied pharmaceuticals is dependent on compound and sampling site. Several compounds such as ibuprofen, atenolol, sotalol and metoprolol were frequently found as racemic mixtures. On the other hand, fluoxetine, propranolol and albuterol were found to be enriched with one enantiomer. Such an outcome might be of significant environmental relevance as two enantiomers of the same chiral compound might reveal different ecotoxicity. For example, propranolol was enriched with S(-)-enantiomer, which is known to be more toxic to Pimephales promelas than R(+)-propranolol. Fluoxetine was found to be enriched with S(+)-enantiomer, which is more toxic to P. promelas than R(-)-fluoxetine.

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Research paper thumbnail of Wastewater reuse in Mediterranean semi-arid areas: The impact of discharges of tertiary treated sewage on the load of polar micro pollutants in the Llobregat river (NE Spain)

Chemosphere, 2011

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Research paper thumbnail of Licit and Illicit Drugs in Urban Wastewater in Cyprus

CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water, 2015

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Wastewater Reuse in the Mediterranean Area of Catalonia, Spain: Case Study of Reuse of Tertiary Effluent from a Wastewater Treatment Plant at el Prat de Llobregat (Barcelona)

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 2010

Abstract The countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea are under a constant threat of water scar... more Abstract The countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea are under a constant threat of water scarcity due to both natural and anthropogenic factor including highly uneven temporal and spatial distribution of precipitations, growing populations, increasing water demand particularly for agriculture, and the widespread contamination of water resources by a plethora of organic and inorganic contaminants. Unlike most northern European countries with their

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Wastewater Reuse in the Llobregat: The Experience at the Prat de Llobregat Treatment Plant

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 2012

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 12. UHPLC-MS for Multi-residue Screening of Pharmaceuticals in Environmental Samples

RSC Chromatography Monographs, 2012

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Fully automated determination of 74 pharmaceuticals in environmental and waste waters by online solid phase extraction–liquid chromatography-electrospray–tandem mass spectrometry

Talanta, 2010

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Occurrence and distribution of multi-class pharmaceuticals and their active metabolites and transformation products in the Ebro River basin (NE Spain)

Science of The Total Environment, 2012

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Direct analysis of pharmaceuticals, their metabolites and transformation products in environmental waters using on-line TurboFlow™ chromatography–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Journal of Chromatography A, 2012

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing the effects of tertiary treated wastewater reuse on the presence emerging contaminants in a Mediterranean river (Llobregat, NE Spain)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2012

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Occurrence of 95 pharmaceuticals and transformation products in urban groundwaters underlying the metropolis of Barcelona, Spain

Environmental Pollution, 2013

The present paper presents the occurrence of 72 pharmaceuticals and 23 transformation products (T... more The present paper presents the occurrence of 72 pharmaceuticals and 23 transformation products (TPs) in groundwaters (GWs) underlying the city of Barcelona, Spain. Thirty-one samples were collected under different districts, and at different depths. Aquifers with different geologic features and source of recharge were included, i.e., natural bank filtration, infiltration from wastewater and water supply pipes, rainfall recharge, etc. Antibiotics were the most frequently found compounds detected at levels reaching 1000 ng L(-1). Natural bank filtration from the river that receives large amounts of effluents from waste water treatment plants (WWTPs), turned out being the most influencing source of contamination, thus GW showed high range of compounds and concentrations as high as or even higher than in the river itself. In general, TPs were found at lower concentrations than the corresponding parent compounds, with some exceptions, such as 4OH propranolol and enalaprilat.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Occurrence and distribution of pharmaceuticals in surface water, suspended solids and sediments of the Ebro river basin, Spain

Chemosphere, 2011

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Development of a fast instrumental method for the analysis of pharmaceuticals in environmental and wastewaters based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)

Chemosphere, 2011

This work describes the development, optimization and validation of an analytical method for the ... more This work describes the development, optimization and validation of an analytical method for the simultaneous detection and identification of 74 pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), from various therapeutic groups, in both environmental (ground and surface water) and wastewaters (WW). The method is based on the simultaneous extraction of all target compounds by solid phase extraction (SPE), using a hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced polymer followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Two selected reaction monitoring (SRM) transitions have been monitored per compound in order to fulfil the EC guidelines, as well as to ensure an accurate identification of target compounds in the samples. Quantification is performed by internal standard approach, applying 24 specific isotopically labeled compounds. The main advantages of the developed method, besides the selectivity and reliability of the results, is its high throughput. All compounds are extracted in a single step and the instrumental analysis lasts 5 min (NI mode)+8 min (PI mode), allowing fast throughput of samples. The limits of detection range from 0.01 to 50 ng L(-1), depending on the matrix, for most of the compounds. Finally, the method developed has been applied to the analysis of pharmaceuticals in the Ebro river basin (NE Spain).

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Occurrence of carbamazepine and five metabolites in an urban aquifer

Chemosphere, 2014

This paper deals with urban groundwater contaminated with carbamazepine (CBZ) and five of its hum... more This paper deals with urban groundwater contaminated with carbamazepine (CBZ) and five of its human metabolites in Barcelona. Groundwater samples were accordingly collected in the aquifers of Poble Sec and Besòs River Delta. Higher concentrations and more compounds were found in the Besòs River Delta aquifer, which is recharged by a river contaminated with treated effluent from numerous treatment plants. By contrast, the urban area of Poble Sec presented lower concentrations and fewer compounds. The results showed that CBZ could be attenuated in the Poble Sec aquifer since concentrations in groundwater were lower than those evaluated from mixing of the recharge sources. Conversely, CBZ and its human metabolites were not removed under the reducing conditions of the Besòs River Delta aquifer probably because of the short residence time in this aquifer.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Multi-residue enantiomeric analysis of pharmaceuticals and their active metabolites in the Guadalquivir River basin (South Spain) by chiral liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2013

This paper describes the development and application of a multi-residue chiral liquid chromatogra... more This paper describes the development and application of a multi-residue chiral liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous enantiomeric profiling of 18 chiral pharmaceuticals and their active metabolites (belonging to several therapeutic classes including analgesics, psychiatric drugs, antibiotics, cardiovascular drugs and β-agonists) in surface water and wastewater. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time an enantiomeric method including such a high number of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites has been reported. Some of the pharmaceuticals have never been studied before in environmental matrices. Among them are timolol, betaxolol, carazolol and clenbuterol. A monitoring programme of the Guadalquivir River basin (South Spain), including 24 sampling sites and five wastewater treatment plants along the basin, revealed that enantiomeric composition of studied pharmaceuticals is dependent on compound and sampling site. Several compounds such as ibuprofen, atenolol, sotalol and metoprolol were frequently found as racemic mixtures. On the other hand, fluoxetine, propranolol and albuterol were found to be enriched with one enantiomer. Such an outcome might be of significant environmental relevance as two enantiomers of the same chiral compound might reveal different ecotoxicity. For example, propranolol was enriched with S(-)-enantiomer, which is known to be more toxic to Pimephales promelas than R(+)-propranolol. Fluoxetine was found to be enriched with S(+)-enantiomer, which is more toxic to P. promelas than R(-)-fluoxetine.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Wastewater reuse in Mediterranean semi-arid areas: The impact of discharges of tertiary treated sewage on the load of polar micro pollutants in the Llobregat river (NE Spain)

Chemosphere, 2011

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact